美国图书馆协会《阅读自由宣言》附中文译稿.docx

美国图书馆协会《阅读自由宣言》附中文译稿.docx

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美国图书馆协会《阅读自由宣言》附中文译稿

美国图书馆协会《阅读自由宣言》，附中文译稿

TheFreedomtoReadStatementThefreedomtoreadisessentialtoourdemocracy.Itiscontinuouslyunderattack.Privategroupsandpublicauthoritiesinvariouspartsofthecountryareworkingtoremoveorlimitaccesstoreadingmaterials,tocensorcontentinschools,tolabel'controversial'views,todistributelistsof'objectionable'booksorauthors,andtopurgelibraries.Theseactionsapparentlyrisefromaviewthatournationaltraditionoffreeexpressionisnolongervalid;thatcensorshipandsuppressionareneededtocounterthreatstosafetyornationalsecurity,aswellastoavoidthesubversionofpoliticsandthecorruptionofmorals.We,asindividualsdevotedtoreadingandaslibrariansandpublishersresponsiblefordisseminatingideas,wishtoassertthepublicinterestinthepreservationofthefreedomtoread.Mostattemptsatsuppressionrestonadenialofthefundamentalpremiseofdemocracy:

thattheordinaryindividual,byexercisingcriticaljudgment,willselectthegoodandrejectthebad.WetrustAmericanstorecognizepropagandaandmisinformation,andtomaketheirowndecisionsaboutwhattheyreadandbelieve.Wedonotbelievetheyarepreparedtosacrificetheirheritageofafreepressinordertobe'protected'againstwhatothersthinkmaybebadforthem.Webelievetheystillfavorfreeenterpriseinideasandexpression.Theseeffortsatsuppressionarerelatedtoalargerpatternofpressuresbeingbroughtagainsteducation,thepress,artandimages,films,broadcastmedia,andtheInternet.Theproblemisnotonlyoneofactualcensorship.Theshadowoffearcastbythesepressuresleads,wesuspect,toanevenlargervoluntarycurtailmentofexpressionbythosewhoseektoavoidcontroversyorunwelcomescrutinybygovernmentofficials.Suchpressuretowardconformityisperhapsnaturaltoatimeofacceleratedchange.Andyetsuppressionisnevermoredangerousthaninsuchatimeofsocialtension.FreedomhasgiventheUnitedStatestheelasticitytoendurestrain.Freedomkeepsopenthepathofnovelandcreativesolutions,andenableschangetocomebychoice.Everysilencingofaheresy,everyenforcementofanorthodoxy,diminishesthetoughnessandresilienceofoursocietyandleavesitthelessabletodealwithcontroversyanddifference.Nowasalwaysinourhistory,readingisamongourgreatestfreedoms.Thefreedomtoreadandwriteisalmosttheonlymeansformakinggenerallyavailableideasormannersofexpressionthatcaninitiallycommandonlyasmallaudience.Thewrittenwordisthenaturalmediumforthenewideaandtheuntriedvoicefromwhichcometheoriginalcontributionstosocialgrowth.Itisessentialtotheextendeddiscussionthatseriousthoughtrequires,andtotheaccumulationofknowledgeandideasintoorganizedcollections.Webelievethatfreecommunicationisessentialtothepreservationofafreesocietyandacreativeculture.Webelievethatthesepressurestowardconformitypresentthedangeroflimitingtherangeandvarietyofinquiryandexpressiononwhichourdemocracyandourculturedepend.WebelievethateveryAmericancommunitymustjealouslyguardthefreedomtopublishandtocirculate,inordertopreserveitsownfreedomtoread.Webelievethatpublishersandlibrarianshaveaprofoundresponsibilitytogivevaliditytothatfreedomtoreadbymakingitpossibleforthereaderstochoosefreelyfromavarietyofofferings.ThefreedomtoreadisguaranteedbytheConstitution.Thosewithfaithinfreepeoplewillstandfirmontheseconstitutionalguaranteesofessentialrightsandwillexercisetheresponsibilitiesthataccompanytheserights.Wethereforeaffirmthesepropositions:

1.Itisinthepublicinterestforpublishersandlibrarianstomakeavailablethewidestdiversityofviewsandexpressions,includingthosethatareunorthodox,unpopular,orconsidereddangerousbythemajority.Creativethoughtisbydefinitionnew,andwhatisnewisdifferent.Thebearerofeverynewthoughtisarebeluntilthatideaisrefinedandtested.Totalitariansystemsattempttomaintainthemselvesinpowerbytheruthlesssuppressionofanyconceptthatchallengestheestablishedorthodoxy.Thepowerofademocraticsystemtoadapttochangeisvastlystrengthenedbythefreedomofitscitizenstochoosewidelyfromamongconflictingopinionsofferedfreelytothem.Tostifleeverynonconformistideaatbirthwouldmarktheendofthedemocraticprocess.Furthermore,onlythroughtheconstantactivityofweighingandselectingcanthedemocraticmindattainthestrengthdemandedbytimeslikethese.Weneedtoknownotonlywhatwebelievebutwhywebelieveit.2.Publishers,librarians,andbooksellersdonotneedtoendorseeveryideaorpresentationtheymakeavailable.Itwouldconflictwiththepublicinterestforthemtoestablishtheirownpolitica