英国散文选读资料Word格式.docx

英国散文选读资料Word格式.docx

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andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness;

forexpertandexecute,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars,onebyone;

butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshallingofaffairs,comebestformthosethatarelearned.

Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;

tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation;

tomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrules,isthehumourofascholar.

Theyperfectnature,andareperfectedbyexperience:

fornaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants,thatneedproyning（pruning）bystudy;

andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.

Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem;

fortheyteachnottheirownuse;

butthatisawisdomwithoutthem,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.

Readnottocontradictandconfute;

nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;

nortofindtalkanddiscourse;

buttoweighandconsider.

Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;

thatis,somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;

otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;

andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.　

Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy,andextractsmadeofthembyothers;

butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimportantarguments,andthemeanersortofbooks;

elsedistilledbooksare,likecommondistilledwaters,flashythings.

Readingmakethafullman;

conferenceareadyman;

andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;

ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit;

andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning,toseemtoknowthathedothnot.

Historiesmakemenwise;

poetswitty;

themathematicssubtile;

naturalphilosophydeep;

moralgrave;

logicandrhetoricabletocontend.　Abeuntstudiainmorse.

Naythereisnostandorimpedimentinthewit,butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies:

likeasdiseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateexercises.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins;

shootingforthelungsandbreast;

gentlewalkingforthestomach;

ridingforthehead;

andthelike.　

Soifaman'

switbewandering,lethimstudythemathematics;

forindemonstrations,ifhiswitbecalledawayneversolittle,hemustbeginagain.　Ifhiswitbenotapttodistinguishorfinddifferences,lethimstudytheschoolmen;

fortheyareCuminisectors.　Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatters,andtocalluponethingtoproveandillustrateanother,lethimstudythelawyers'

cases.　Soeverydefectofthemindmayhaveaspecialreceipt.

2SundayintheCountry

SundayintheCountry

JosephAddison

IamalwayswellpleasedwithacountrySunday,andthink,ifkeepingholytheseventhdaywereonlyahumaninstitution,itwouldbethebestmethodthatcouldhavebeenthoughtofforthepolishingandcivilizingofmankind.Itiscertainthecountrypeoplewouldsoondegenerateintoakindofsavagesandbarbarians,weretherenotsuchfrequentreturnsofastatedtime,inwhichthewholevillagemeettogetherwiththeirbestfaces,andintheircleanliestsubjects,toconversewithoneanotherupondifferentsubjects,heartheirdutiesexplainedtothem,andjointogetherinadorationoftheSupremeBeing.Sundayclearsawaytherustofthewholeweek,notonlyasitrefreshesintheirmindsthenotionsofreligion,butasitputsboththesexesuponappearingintheirmostagreeableforms,andexertingallsuchqualitiesasareapttogivethemafigureintheeyeofthevillage.Acountryfellowdistinguisheshimselfasmuchinthechurchyard,asacitizendoesuponthechange,thewholeparish-politicsbeinggenerallydiscussedinthatplaceeitheraftersermonorbeforethebellrings.MyfriendSirRoger,beingagoodchurchman,hasbeautifiedtheinsideofhischurchwithseveraltextsofhisownchoosing.Hehaslikewisegivenahandsomepulpit-cloth,andrailedinthecommuniontableathisownexpense.Hehasoftentoldme,thatathiscomingtohisestatehefoundhisparishionersveryirregular,andthatinordertomakethemkneelandjoinintheresponses,hegaveeveryoneofthemahassockandacommon-prayerbook;

andatthesametimeemployedanitinerantsinging2master,whogoesaboutthecountryforthatpurpose,toinstructthemrightlyinthetunesofthePsalms;

uponwhichtheynowverymuchvaluethemselves,andindeedoutdomostofthecountrychurchesthatIhaveeverheard.AsSirRogerislandlordtothewholecongregation,hekeepstheminverygoodorderandwillsuffernobodytosleepinitbesidehimself;

forifbychancehehasbeensurprisedintoashortnapatsermon,uponrecoveringoutofithestandsupandlooksabouthim,andifheseesanybodyelsenodding,eitherwakesthemhimselforsendshisservantstothem.Severalotheroftheoldknightsparticularitiesbreakoutupontheseoccasions.SometimeshewillbelengtheningoutaverseinthesingingPsalmshalfaminuteaftertherestofthecongregationhavedonewithit;

sometimes,whenheispleasedwiththematterofhisdevotion,hepronounces'

Amen'

threeorfourtimestothesameprayer;

andsometimesstandsupwheneverybodyelseisupontheirknees,tocountthecongregation,orseeifanyofhistenantsaremissing.Iwasyesterdayverymuchsurprisedtohearmyoldfriend,inthemidstoftheservice,callingouttooneJohnMatthewstomindwhathewasaboutandnotdisturbthecongregation.ThisJohnMatthewsitseemsisremarkableforbeinganidlefellow,andatthattimewaskickinghisheelsforhisdiversion.Thisauthorityoftheknight,thoughexertedinthatoddmannerwhichaccompanieshiminallthecircumstancesoflife,hasaverygoodeffectupontheparish,whoarenotpoliteenoughtoseeanythingridiculousinhisbehaviour;

besidesthatthegeneralgoodsenseandworthinessofhischaractermakehisfriendsobservetheselittlesingularitiesasfoilsthatrathersetoffthanblemishhisgoodqualities.Assoonasthesermonisfinished,nobodypresumestostirtillSirRogerisgoneoutofthechurch.Theknightwalksdownfromhisseatinthechancelbetweenadoublerowofhistenants,thatstandbowingtohimoneachside,andeverynowand3

theninquireshowsuchaoneswife,ormother,orson,orfatherdo,whomhedosenotseeatchurch;

whichisunderstoodassecretreprimandtothepersonthatisabsent.Thechaplainhasoftentoldmethat,uponacatechizingday,whenSirRogerhasbeenpleasedwithaboythatanswerswell,hehasorderedaBibletobegiventohimnextdayforhisencouragement;

andsometimesaccompaniesitwithaflitchofbacontohismother.SirRogerhaslikewiseaddedfivepoundsayeartotheclerksplace,andthathemayencouragetheyoungfellowstomakethemselvesperfectinthechurchservice,haspromiseduponthedeathofthepresentincumbent,whois4veryold,tobestowitaccordingtomerit.ThefairunderstandingbetweenSirRogerandhischaplain,andtheirmutualconcurrenceindoinggood,isthemoreremarkablebecausetheverynextvillageisfamousforthedifferencesandcontentionsthatarisebetweentheparsonandthesquire,wholiveinaperpetualstateofwar.Theparsonisalwayspreachingatthesquire;

andthesquire,toberevengedontheparson,nevercomestochurch.Thesquirehasmadeallhistenantsatheistsandtithe-stealers;

whiletheparsoninstructsthemeverySundayinthedignityofhisorder,andinsinuatestothem,inalmosteverysermon,thatheisabettermanthanhispatron.Inshort,mattershavecometosuchanextremity,thatthesquirehasnotsaidhisprayerseitherinpublicorprivatethishalfyear;

andtheparsonthreatenshim,ifhedoesnotmendhismanners,toprayforhiminthefaceofthewholecongregation.Feudsofthisnature,thoughtoofrequentinthecountry,areveryfataltotheordinarypeople,whoaresousedtobedazzledwithriches,thattheypayasmuchdeferencetotheunderstandingofamanofanestate,asofamanoflearning;

andareveryhardlybroughttoregardanytruth,howimportantsoeveritmaybe,thatispreachedtothem,whentheyknowthereareseveralmenoffivehundredayearwhodonotbelieveit.

3LettertoLordChesterfield

February7th,1755

MyLord，

Ihavebeenlatelyinformed, 

bytheproprietoroftheWord, 

thattwopapers, 

inwhichmy 

dictionaryisrecommendedtothepublickwerewrittenbyyourLordship.Tobesodistinguished,isanhonour,whichbeingverylittleaccustomedtofavoursfromthegreat,Iknownotwellhowtoreceive,orinwhattermstoacknowledge.

When,uponsomeslightencouragement,IfirstvisitedyourLordship,Iwasoverpowered,liketherestofmankind,bytheenchantmentofyouaddress,andcouldnotforbeartowishthatImightboastmyselfLevainqueurduvainqueurdilaterre.ThatImightobtainthatregardforwhichIsawtheworldcontending;

butIfoundmyattendancesolittleencouraged,thatneitherpridenormodestywouldsuffermetocontinueit.WhenIhadonceaddressedyourLordshipinpublickIhadexhaustedalltheartofpleasingwhicharetiredanduncourtlyscholarcanpossess.IhaddoneallthatIcould;

andnomaniswellpleasedtohavehisallneglected,beiteversolitter.

Sevenyears,myLord,havenowpast,sinceIwaitedinyourooutwardrooms,orwasrepulsedfromyourdoor,throughdifficulties,ofwhichitisuselesstocomplain,andwithoutoneactofassistance,onewordofencouragement,oronesmileoffavour.SuchtreatmentIdidnotexpect,forIneverha