牛津高中英语语法复习模块34Word文档下载推荐.docx
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2、用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。
e.g.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.
3、that引导主语从句时,不能省略。
e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.
(三)表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。
e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.
2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.
(四)宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。
引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.
2、介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或whether。
e.g.I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework..
I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.
3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。
但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。
e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn’train.
②用if会引起误解,就要用whether。
e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)
③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用,就不能换成if;
不直接连用,可换。
e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.
Idon’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。
whether可与不定式连用。
whether也可引导主语从句、表语
从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if。
但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能
用whether。
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e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.
Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.
Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.
(五)同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:
news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)
之后,说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.
练习:
1.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.
A.that
B.what
C.why
D.which
2.Thefact____hewassuccessfulproveshisability.
C.which
D.why
3.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.
A.what
B.that
D.when
4.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.
A.which
C./
D.it
5.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.
A.when
C.what
D./
6.I'
vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon'
tbeheldtomorrow.
A.if
C.whether
7.Thethought____hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.
B.which
D.that
8.Theorder____theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.
B.whether
C.that
D.what
9.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'
sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.
B.as
C.ofwhich
10.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.
A.whether
B.where
11.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.
D.whether
12.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.
A.asB.whichC.whatD.that
13.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout____wewouldhavelostourway.
A.itB.thatC.thisD.which
14.Therearesigns____restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.
A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose
15.Wecanseethesamesigns____standoutthroughoutthecity.
Keys:
1-5AABBA6-10BDCAA11-15BBDAA
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主谓一致
在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。
寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
(一)语法一致原则:
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;
主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:
Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.
/Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthe
sunisbadforyoureyes.
注意:
由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句
是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.
/WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.
2、由连接词and或both⋯and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。
LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./Bothshe
andheareYoungPioneers.
①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
如:
The
writerandartisthascome.;
/②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),
manya(an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboy
andnogirllikesit.
3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,more
than,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;
若主语为复数,谓语用复数形
式。
MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina./NobodybutJimandMikewasonthe
playground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.
4、either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。
Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.
①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可
用复数。
Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词
就要用单数;
若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
Noneofushas(have)been
toAmerica.
5、在定语从句时,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.
6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;
如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复
数形式。
这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。
ClassFourisonthethirdfloor.
/ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.
people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。
Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.
7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+
名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
Therearealotofpeople
intheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.
3
anumberof“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;
thenumberof“⋯的数量”,主语
是number,谓语用单数。
8、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
Therecomesthebus./Onthewallaremany
pictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.
(二)逻辑意义一致原则:
逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;
有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。
1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。
Whichis
yourbag?
/Whichareyourbags?
/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.
2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由
于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,如:
Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.
3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
―TheArabianNightsisan‖interestingstory-book.
4、表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数。
Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.
5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。
Twelvepluseightis
twenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.
6、一些学科名词是以–ics结尾,如:
mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等,都属于形式
上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
Thepaperworkswas
builtin1990./Ithinkphysicsisn’teasytostudy.
7、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等
量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.
8、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。
(三)就近一致原则:
在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、当两个主语由either⋯or,neither⋯nor,whether⋯or⋯,notonly连接时,⋯谓语but动also词和
邻近的主语一致。
Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neithertheynorheiswhollyright./Is
neitherhenortheywhollyright?
2、therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。
如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..
Here引导的句子用法同上。
1.I,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.
A.am
B.is
C.are
D.be
2.
Therich____notalwayshappy.
A.are
C.has
D.have
3.
NeitherTomnorJackandI____hisstudents.
B.am
C.is
D.was
4.
Maryaswellashersisters____ChineseinChina.
4
A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study
5.NeithermyfathernorI____athome.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI____goodatpainting.Bothofus____goodpainters.,
A.are;
areB.am;
amC.ani;
areD.is;
is
7.Every'
boyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveningparty.
A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like
8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChina____peasants.
A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.are
9.ThepopulationofChina____largerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
10.Everymeans____triedbutwithoutanyresult.
A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeen
11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,____forhavingbrokentherule.
A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished
12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor____askedtoattendthe.meetingthisafternoon.
A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing
13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor____.
A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmen
C.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese
14.There____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclass____girls.
A.areB.wasC.isD.be
16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.
A.doesn'
tchangeB.don'
tchangeC.changeD.changed
17.TheArabianNights____wellknowntotheEnglish.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
18.ChairmanMao'
sworks____published.
A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is
19.Achemicalworks____builtthere.
A.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen
20.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.
A.is;
fourB.are;
fourC.is;
fiveD.are;
five
21.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdeveloped