廖敏倩《野性的呼唤》中巴克的性格.docx

廖敏倩《野性的呼唤》中巴克的性格.docx

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TheanalysisofBuck*scharactersinTheCallofTheWild

By

LiaoMinqian

UnderthesupervisionofLecturerPengDandan

SubmittedinFullFulfillmentoftheRequirements

FortheDegreeofBachelorofArts

TheCollegeofForeignLanguages

NanChangUniversity

June2013

Contents

ABSTRACT Ill

摘要 HI

CHAPTER1INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 IntroductiontoJackLondonandhismainvewpoint 1

1.2 ABRIEFINTRODUCTIONTOTHECALLOFTHEWILD 2

CHAPTER2NATUREOFBUCKINDIFFERENTENVIRONMENTS 3

2.1 Bucklivinginluxuriouslife 3

2.2 Buckwhenfacingrisksforthefirsttime 3

2.3 BuckworkingasaSleddog 3

2.4 Buckstayingwiththemenwhosavedhim 4

CHAPTER3GOLDENSPIRITANDASPIRATION 6

3.1 Spiritofresistance 6

3.1.1 Afterbeingabducted 6

3.1.2 StrivingfortheLeadership 6

3.1.3 AttackingBlackBurton 7

3.2 Down-to-earthSpirit 7

3.2.1BuckworkingforPerrault 8

3.2.2BeingControlledbyScotchHalf-breed 8

3.3 Theabilitytoadapttonewenvironment 8

CHAPTER4LONGINGFORNEWLIFE 10

4.1 TakingdelightintheSnow 10

4.2 LovingtheChallengingWorld 10

4.3 ReactiontothesoundsmadebytheWildLife 11

4.4 ReturningtotheWildafterThornton'sDeath 11

CHAPTER5REFLECTIONOFHUMANNATUREINBUCK 12

5.1 DuplicityandCunning 12

5.2 Dominance 12

5.3 Loveandfaithfulnesstohumanbeings 12

CONCLUSION 14

REFERENCES 16

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17

Abstract

TheCalloftheWildisthemasterpieceofJackLondon,whoisoneofthemostrenownedAmericanwriters.Itwaspublishedin1903andtellsthestoryofadognamedBuck.Previousstudiesofthenovelmainlyoperateonthelevelofadogstoryoranallegoryofman,whilethisthesisappliesDarwin'sLawofNature一'"survivalofthefittest"toanalyzeBuck'scharacters.TheprotagonistBuckisamixedbreed.Inthenovel,Buck'scharacterofextremetenacityisvividlypresentedundertheLondon5sdescription.ThecomplexcharacterofBuckisthemainfactortocausethenovelperpetual.Buckhasthespiritofrebellious,thedesireforfreedom,whichleadhimtobeastrongdog.DominaceisBuck'sinnate,andatthesametime,hehasgreatwillingnesstosacrificewithallkindsoflove.SettingAmericansocialrealityinthe20thcenturyandtheKlondikeGoldRushAgeinAmericanhistoryasbackground,hiswayofsurvival,developingofcharactersunderextremelyhardandbitterenvironmentwerefullydescribed.Buckbearsthenatureofferociousnessandatthesametimehasapassionforsacrifice.ItisconvincedthatitisincumbentupontheFiendBucktoshowresponsibility,loveandloyaltyafterobtaininghumanbeings5equalrespect.

KeyWords：

TheCalloftheWild,Buck;characters

摘要

《荒野的呼唤》是美国著名作家杰克•伦敦的一部长篇小说，于1903年发表。

小说写的是巴克狗的故事。

以往对该小说的解读多集中于动物小说和对人类的折射等角度，本文从达尔文的“适者生存”的自然选择思想入手，分析了在不断变幻的生活环境中巴克的性格。

小说主人公是一条杂交狗一巴克-杰克•伦敦笔下，巴克异常坚韧的生命姿态跃然纸上，其性格的复杂性和多重性是这部小说长盛不衰的原因之一-巴克富有抗争精神，对自由充满渴望，是一个强者；巴克是天生的领导者，同时也是充满爱意的献身者。

围绕着美国历史上的克朗代克淘金热，小说把巴克在这种特殊环境下的挣扎中性格的蜕变表现得淋漓尽致。

巴克既具有统治者的凶残狡诈的本性同时也富有献身者的无畏牺牲的激情。

生性狡诈的巴克在得到人类平等的尊重和爱时表现出令人折服的、责任、以及忠诚。

关键词：

《荒野的呼唤》，巴克；性格

Chapter1 Introduction

TheCalloftheWildisthemasterpieceofJackLondon.Publishedin1903,thecomplexcharacteroftheprotagonistdogBuckhasdrawnmanyscholars5attention.Itisakeypointtostudythewriter'sviewpointsandthesocialbackgroundbyanalyzingthenatureofBuck.Beforethatanalysis,itisnecessaryforustoknowthegeneralideaaboutthework.

1.1 IntroductiontoJackLondonandhismainviewpoint

JackLondonwasborninJanuary1876andcommittedsuicideinNovember1916.Asoneofthegreatestrealistwriters,JackLondon'sworkswhichwereregardedasclassicinAmericanliteraturehavebeenreadthroughouttheworld.ManyAmericansocialcontradictionsatthebeginningofthe20thcenturywerepresentedinhisworks.What'smore,herevealedthemiserablesituationandrevolutionsofthepeoplewholivedinlowerstatusinothercapitalistcountries.

Intheearlyperiodofthe19thcentury,Americabegantoboomintoanindustrializednation,especiallyaftertheCivilWarwiththeNorthtriumph,thespeedoftransformationtoindustrializationwasspeededup.Inlessthan50yearsbetweentheendoftheCivilWarandthebeginningoftheFirstWorldWar,Americadevelopedintoamostheavilyindustrializedurbanizedandcontinentalnationintheworld.PeopleintheUnitedStateshadtocometotermswiththeimplicationofDarwin'stheoryofevolutionandradicalchangesinitsownsocialinstitutionsandculturalvalues（HuYintong&LiuShusen1995:

229）.Machines,insteadofhands,hadcreatedasubstantialincreaseinmanufacturingproduct,thuswell-trainedhandicraftsmenfailedincompetingwiththesophisticatedequipmentwhichwasoperatedbysemiskilledlaborers.Withtheflourishofeconomyandthespreadofprosperity,unfortunately,therewerestilluptohalfofallindustrialworkersstruggledinpoverty-