最新重庆大学硕士生英语b班期末考试阅读理解例题readingcomprehensionWord文档格式.docx

最新重庆大学硕士生英语b班期末考试阅读理解例题readingcomprehensionWord文档格式.docx

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Trytodosomethinkingaboutwhatyourrealgoalsmaybe.Thinkaboutthisquestion,“IfIdosucceedinthis,wherewillitgetme?

”Thismayhelpyoupreventfailureinthingsyoushouldn’tbedoinganyway.

Thethirdthingtobearinmindaboutfailureisthatit’spartoflife.Learnto“livewithyourself”eventhoughyoumayhavefailed.Remember,“Youcan’twinthemall.”

1.Thispassagedealswith___________.

A.failureandsuccessB.twosidesoffailure

C.the“spider-story”C.theinventionoflightbulb

2.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthortalksmainlyabout.

A.thevalueoffailureB.howpeoplefail

C.famousfailuresD.hownottofail

3.RobertBrucewasputinthepassagetoshowthat.

A.failuremustcomebeforesuccessB.failureisn’tallbad

C.naturewillhelpusifweletitD.peoplewhofailhaveplentyofcompany

4.Onethingthewriterdoesn’ttellyoutodotocopewithfailureisto.

A.checkoutyourgoalstoseeiftheyarerightforyou

B.thinkaboutfailureaspartoflife

C.thinkaboutfailuretofindoutwhatwentwrong

D.avoidthingsthatarebeyondyou

5.Evenifwehavefailed,weshould__________.

A.notthinkaboutitanymoreB.takeiteasy

C.learntolivewithothersinthesamehouseD.learntoacceptitbabdd

通识教育：

PassageTwo

“Themoreyoulearn,themoreyouearn,”saidthepopsingerCindyLauperassheacceptedherhighschooldiploma—attheageof35!

AlthoughCindymadeitwithoutahighschooldegree,mostpeopledon’t.IntheU.S.A.today,about75%ofjobsrequiresomeeducationortechnicaltrainingbeyondhighschool.ThelowestwageearnersintheU.S.A.arethosewithouthighschooldegrees;

collegegraduatesoutearnthosewithoutcollegeeducation;

peoplewithmaster’sdegreesoutearnthosewithonlyabachelor’s;

andthehighestincomesofallareearnedbypeoplewithadvancedprofessionaloracademicdegrees.ThesegeneralizationsexplainwhythemajorityofyoungAmericansgotocollege.However,despitetheaverages,morediplomasdon’talwaysmeanmoremoney.Manyskilledblue-collarworkers,salespeople,andbusinessexecutivesoutearncollegeprofessorsandscientificresearchers.Andgreatathletesandentertainersoutearneveryoneelse!

Butacollegeeducationisnotonlypreparationforacareer;

itisalso（orshouldbe）preparationforlife.Inadditiontocoursesintheirmajorfieldofstudy,moststudentshavetimetotakeelectivecourses.Theymaytakeclassesthathelpthemunderstandmoreabouthumannature,government,thearts,sciences,orwhateverelseintereststhem.

Goingtocollegeisbecomingtheautomaticnextstepafterhighschool.Today,morethanhalfofAmericanhighschoolgraduatesenrollincollege.Butrecenthighschoolgraduatesnolongerdominatethecollegecampuses.Today,itisquitecommonforadultsofallagestocomebacktocollegeeitherforcareeradvancementorpersonalgrowth.By2000,abouthalfofallAmericancollegestudentswereolderthan25and20%ofthemwereover35.

6.WecanlearnfromCindy’sstorythat___________.

A.peoplecannotbesuccessfulwithoutahighschooldiploma

B.Cindywasnotsuccessfuluntilshegotherhighschooldiploma

C.Cindywouldsurelycontinueherhighereducation

D.Cindydroppedoutofhighschoolwhenshewasyoung.

7.Themainideaofthispassageisthat_________.

A.itisnevertoooldtogotocollege

B.whyAmericansgotocollege

C.morediplomasdon’talwaysmeanmoremoney

D.mostjobsrequiresomeeducationbeyondhighschool

8.Onaverage,thehighestincomeearnersare_________.

A.masterandPh.DholdersB.blue-collarsandsalespeople

C.professorsandscientificresearchersD.sportsandmusicstars

9.Allofthefollowingismentionedasthefunctionsofcollegeeducationexceptthat.

A.Itispreparationforasuccessfullife

B.itispreparationforacareer

C.itcanmakepeople’slifemorecolorful

D.itcanhelppeopleunderstandmoreabouthumannature

10.MoreadultAmericansaregoingbacktocollegeinorderto_______.

A.getpromotionB.raisetheirsocialstatusdbdcc

C.haveabetterjoborbetterlifeD.meetthedemandsoftheiremployers

人类需求理论：

PassageThree

Mostconceptionsoftheprocessofmotivationbeginwiththeassumptionthatbehavioris,atleastinpart,directedtowardstheattainmentofgoalsortowardsthesatisfactionofneedsormotives.Accordingly,itisappropriatetobeginourconsiderationofmotivationintheworkplacebyexaminingthemotivesforworking.Simonpointsoutthatanorganizationshouldbeabletosecuretheparticipationofapersonbyofferinghiminducements（引诱;

诱因;

刺激）whichcontributeinsomewaytoatleastoneofhisgoals.Thekindsofinducementsofferedbyanorganizationarevaried,andiftheyareeffectiveinmaintainingparticipationtheymustnecessarilybebasedontheneedsoftheindividuals.

Maslowexaminesindetailwhattheseneedsare.Hepointsoutnotonlythattherearemanyneedsrangingfrombasicphysiologicaldrivessuchashungertoamoreabstractdesireforself-realization,butalsothattheyarearrangedinahierarchy（等级制度）whereby（bywhich）thelower-orderneedsmusttoalargedegreebesatisfiedbeforethehigher-orderonescomeintoplay（begintobeactiveorhaveaninfluence）.

OneofthemostobviouswaysinwhichworkorganizationsattractandretainmembersisthroughtherealizationthateconomicfactorsarenottheonlyinducementforworkingasindicatedbyMorseandWeiss.Inlinewith（inaccordancewith）thesocialrespectandself-realizationneedsdiscussedbyMaslow,factorssuchasassociationswithothers,self-respectgainedthroughthework,andahighinterestvalueoftheworkcanserveeffectivelytoinducepeopletowork.

11.Simonpointsoutthat________.

A.theneedsofindividualsrangefromhungertoself-realization

B.effectiveinducementsmustbebasedonwhatindividualswant

C.economicfactorsarenottheonlyinducementforworking

D.inducementsmustnotbetoovaried

12.AccordingtoMaslow,aworkorganizationisabletomotivatepeopletoworkby_____.

A.satisfyingtheirphysiologicalneeds 

B.satisfyingtheirself-realizationneeds

C.satisfyinghierarchyoftheirhigher-orderneed

D.firstsatisfyingtheirlower-orderneeds

13.Lower-orderneedsconcernaperson'

s____________.

A.essentialphysicalneeds 

C.self-realization

B.self-respect 

D.workingrelationshipswithothers 

14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTahigherneedthatattractspeopletowork?

A.Associationwithothers. 

C.Interestvalueofthework.

B.Possibilityofearningagoodsalary 

D.Cultivationofself-respect. 

15.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmaybesupportedbyMorseandWeiss?

A.Physiologicalneedsarethemostbasic.

B.Thereisahierarchyofneedsthatmustbemet.

C.Economicfactorsarethegreatestinducement.

D.Personalesteemandthegainingofpoweristhemostimportantfactor. 

bdabc

不平等问题：

PassageFour

Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthe‘greatclasslesssociety’.Theideathatthetwentiethcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofthegreatcliché

s（陈词滥调）ofourtime.Thesameoldargumentsareputforwardinevidence.Herearesomeofthem:

monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthasbeencompletelydiscredited（声名狼藉）.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprivedofallpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,intime,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;

thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?

Closeexaminationdoesn’tbearout（support）theclaim.

Itisafallacy（谬见）tosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveledoutifyouprovideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.（Itisdebatablewhetheryoucaneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.）Thefactisthatnaturedistributesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,‘survivalofthefittest’,and‘mightisright’arestillwithus.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmerit.For‘aristocracy’（贵族统治）read‘meritocracy’（精英统治）;

inotherrespects,societyremainsunaltered:

theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained.

Genuineability,animalcunning（狡诈）,skill,theknack（技巧;

诀窍）ofseizingopportunities,allbringmaterialrewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecome