Albert Einstein课文汉译例句讲解练习答案Word格式.docx

Albert Einstein课文汉译例句讲解练习答案Word格式.docx

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ThetextismainlyaboutEinsteinpersonalityandhisincomparablecontributionstoscience.ItisinevitablethatmentionmustbemadeofEinstein’stheoryofrelativityandhisotherachievementsinmathematicsandphysicswhich,however,areverydifficultforlayman（外行人）tounderstandandexplain.Forthisreason,onlyverybriefnotesaregiventothetechnicalterms.WhatismoreimportantaboutthetextisadescriptionofEinsteinconcerninghis“knackforgoinginstinctivelytotheheartofamatter”（凭本能抓住事物本质的技巧）（Line5-6）,his“utternaturalness”（Line,17-18）,the“fantasticintensityanddepthofhisconcentration”（考虑问题的强度和深度都是奇妙无比）（Line,46）,the“revolutionaryideas”（Line,95）aboutmathematicsandphysics,etc.Thereismuchtolearnfromthelanguageofthetext,too.

Hismainachievements:

theoryofrelativity;

E=mc（energyequalsmasstimesthespeedoflightsquared）（能量=质量×

光速）；

thequantumtheoryoflight（光量子理论）

Averyfamousscientist,ascientificgeniuswithalockoflong,grayinghair.

2.HowdoyouthinkHoffmanndescribesEinsteinashisfriend?

Hoffmanntakesadifferentperspective.Hetriestorevealsomeofthelesswell-knownaspectsofEinstein’spersonality,traitsthatcharacterizehimmoreasamanthanasascientificgenius.

II.RelatedInformation

1.WolfgangAmadeusMozart:

（1756-1791）,Austriancomposer,oneoftheworld’sgreatestmusicalgeniuses，wrotemasterpiecesineverybranchofmusic.Duringhisshortlife,Mozartcomposedagreatvolumeofmusic.His789compositionsincludeoperas,symphonies,concertos（协奏曲）,quartets（四重奏）forthepianoandforstringedinstrumentsandsonatasforbothpianoandviolin.Hismusichasdelicatebeautyandisalwaysfreshandpleasingtotheear.

2.LudwigvanBeethoven:

（1770-1827）,Germancomposer,wasoneofmusic’sgreatestgeniuses.Hisworkshavearareoforiginality,emotionaldepth,andexpressivepower.Hewasknownforhisninesymphonies,pianoconcertosandsonatas,andstringquartets（弦乐四重奏）.MostofBeethoven’scompositionswerewrittenintheclassicalformsestablishedbyhispredecessorsMozartandHaydn,soheissometimesconsideredthelastgreatcomposerintheclassicaltradition.Buthealsoremoldedandexpandedtheoldformsandinfusedthemwithahighlypersonalintensityofemotion,soheisalsoreferredtoasthefirstoftheRomantics.

3.TheNobelPrize:

AlfredBernhardNobel（1838-1896）,adistinguishedSwedishchemistandindustrialist,providedfortheawardofNobelPrize.Heexperimentedwithdifferentkindsofexplosivessuchasnitroglycerin（硝酸甘油）anddynamite（黄色炸药）,bothdeadlyexplosives.However,hewasapacifistandhefearedthathisinventionsmightfurtherwarfare.Inhiswillheleftabout$9,000,000inafundtorewardthosewhodidmostforhisfellowmaninscience,literature,andpeace.Inhiswill,hespecifiedthattheinterestaccruedbythefund“beannuallydistributedintheformofprizestothosewhoduringtheprecedingyear,shallhaveconferredthegreatestbenefitonmankind”inthefieldofphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,andpeace,regardlessofnationality.

4.TheNazis:

Nazismisapoliticaldoctrineofracialsupremacy,nationalism,anddictatorship.NaziisanabbreviationofGermanwordforNationalSocialistPartyfoundedbyHitler.HedefinedtheGermanicpeopleasarace,calledAryanssuperiortootherraces.HeblamedGermany’stroublesonJewishcapitalism,Communism,andtheheavyreparationpaymentsGermanywasrequiredtomaketothevictoriousAlliesbytheTreatyofVersailles（June28,1919）thatendedtheFirstWorldWar.

III. 

TextComprehension:

1） 

MainIdea:

Thisprofile（short,vividbiography,brieflyoutliningaperson’smostoutstandingcharacteristics:

hisability,personality,orcareer人物简介）ismainlyaboutEinstein’spersonalityandhisincomparablecontributionstoscience.

2） 

PurposeofwritingandTone:

ThepurposeistoillustratewithanecdotessomecharacteristicfeaturesofEinsteinbothasamanandasascientist.

3） 

OrganizationandDevelopment:

Introduction（P1）:

Usingtheword“simplicity”tobegintheillustrationofEinstein’sessence

Body（P2-19）:

P2-4:

Abouthismodesty;

P5-7:

Einstein’sbrieflifehistoryandhistwogreattheories;

P8-11:

Abouthisconcentrationonwork;

P12-13:

Abouthisloveofnaturalsimplicity;

P14-16:

Abouthisacademiccourage;

P17-18:

Abouthissenseofjustice;

P19:

Abouthisyouthfulinnocence;

Conclusion:

（P20）

SummingupwhatitmeanstohaveknownEinsteinandhiswork.

4）ComprehensionQuestions:

1.Whichphraseinthefirstparagraphexplainstheabstractnotionof“simplicity”?

---"

goinginstinctivelytotheheartofamatter"

2.Fromthetwoanecdotesrelatedinpara.2-4,whatimpressionofEinsteinhaveyougot?

---Hewasaverymodestperson,neverthinkinghimselfanysuperiortoormoreauthoritativethanothersbecauseofhisfameandachievementsasagreatscientistofthetime.

3.What,accordingtotheauthor,isEinstein’smostoutstandingtraitasascientist?

---Concentration.Refertothefirstsentenceofpara.9.（Theintensityanddepthofhisconcentrationwerefantastic.）

4.WhydidEinsteininsistonworkinghardwhenhewassobadlyshakenbyhiswife’sdeath?

---Workinghardrequiresconcentration,whichwouldhelphimtodispelthefeelingofsorrow.

5.Howdoyouinterpretthesentenceinpara.11:

“Tohelphim,Isteeredthediscussionawayfromroutinemattersintomoredifficulttheoreticalproblems”?

---Tacklingmoredifficulttheoreticalproblemsrequiresgreaterconcentrationandabsorption.Thiswouldhelphimtemporarilyforgetthesadnesscausedbyhiswife'

sdeath.

6.WhatrevelationismadethroughEinstein’commentonBeethovenandMozart’works?

---Asasimpleman,EinsteintakesitthatbeautyexistsintheUniverse.Suchbeautyisnatural,pure,andsimple.Beautyfoundisevengreaterandmoreadmirablethanbeautycreated.

7.HowdidEinsteinfeelaboutthedestructiveeffectproducedasaresultoftheapplicationofhisE=mcformula?

---Thisissomethinghehadnotexpected.Hewasgreatlydismayedbythedevastatingeffecthisformulaproducedonceitwasputintoapplication.

8.Doyouthinktheanecdoterelatedinpara.19aimstoillustrateEinstein’s“whimsicality”?

Ifnot,whatpersonalitytraitotherthanbeingwhimsicalityisrevealedhere?

---Hewasnotreallyawhimsicalman.Ifhecouldbecalledawhimsicalman,thenhiswhimsicalitycamefromtheyoungheartandchildlikeinnocencewhichhehadmanagedtoretain.

5）DifficultSentencesforParaphrasing:

1.Thisknackforgoinginstinctivelytotheheartofamatterwasthesecretofhismajorscientificdiscoveries---thisandhisextraordinaryfeelingforbeauty.（Para.1）

---Thisnaturalabilityofintuitivelygettingtotheessenceofasubjectwasthekeytothegreatdiscoveriesmadebyhiminscience.Thisnaturalgiftandhisunusualawarenessofbeauty.

2.Theintensityanddepthofhisconcentrationwerefantastic.Whenbattlingarecalcitrantproblem,heworrieditasananimalworriesitsprey.（P-9）

---Hisengrossmentinideaswasincrediblyintenseanddeep.Whenattackingaproblemdifficulttosolve,hekeptattemptingtodealwithitwithgreateffort,justasananimalchasesandbitesaweakeranimalitpreysuponuntilthelattergivesin.

3.Adreamy,farawayandyetinwardlookwouldcomeoverhisface.Therewasnoappearanceofconcentration,nofurrowingoftheblow---onlyaplacidinnercommunion.（P-10）他脸上会露出心不在焉、恍恍惚惚却又像在内心思索的神色。

没有专注的表情，没有皱眉-只是平静的内心交流。

---Hewouldlooklostinthought,thinkingaboutsomethingdistant,andyetmeditating（调解）withinhimself.Hedidnotseemtobeindeepthought,nordidheknithisbrows-hewasjustinself-containedpeacefulcontemplation（沉思）.

4.Eachoftheseassumptions,byitself,wassoplausibleastoseemprimitivelyobvious.Buttogethertheywereinsuchviolentconflictthatalessermanwouldhavedroppedoneortheotherandfledinpanic.（P-14）

---Thetheories,consideredisolatedonebyone,wasreallycredible,sothattheyseemtobesimpleandclear.Butwhenconsideredtogether,theyweresostronglycontradictorytoeachotherthatalesslearnedscholarwouldhavegivenuponeortheothercompletelyandwouldnolongertakeuptheissueagain.

5.Einstein’swork,performedquietlywithpencilandpaper,seemedremotefromtheturmoilofeverydaylife.Buthisideasweresorevolutionarytheycausedviolentcontroversyandirrationalanger.（P-16）

---Einstein'

sworkwasdonequietlywithpencilonpaperandseemedtobefarremovedfromtheconfusionofeverydaylife,buthisideasweresoradicalthattheyledtostrongargumentsandmadepeopleunreasonablyangry.

6）DifficultSentencesforTranslation（E-C）:

1.IwasinaweofEinstein,andhesitatedbeforeapproachinghimaboutsomeideasIhadbeenworkingon.（L13-） 

我敬畏爱因斯坦，想同他谈谈我一直在思考的一些想法。

此前我一直犹豫不决。

2.Dressedinill-fittingclothes,hishaircharacteristicallyawry,hesmiledawarmwelcome.（L16-） 

他穿的衣服极不合身，头发充满个性地蓬乱，笑容里充溢着热烈欢迎之意。

3.Hehadbeennoinfantprodigy;

indeed,hewassolateinlearningtospeakthathisparentsfearedhewasadullard.（L23-） 

从小他一直就不是什么天才神童；

实际上，他很迟才学会说话，他的父母还担心他会是个弱智。

4.Wordsfailedhim,andwithashrugofhelplessnesshepointedtohiswristwatch,andsaidintonesofawedamazement,“Itallcamefromthis.”（L90-） 

但他不知怎么形容，只好无助地耸耸肩，指了指他的手表，用充满敬畏的惊奇语调说：

“它完完全全就来自这里。

”

5.Hisveryineloquencemadethisthemost