Albert Einstein课文汉译例句讲解练习答案Word格式.docx
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ThetextismainlyaboutEinsteinpersonalityandhisincomparablecontributionstoscience.ItisinevitablethatmentionmustbemadeofEinstein’stheoryofrelativityandhisotherachievementsinmathematicsandphysicswhich,however,areverydifficultforlayman(外行人)tounderstandandexplain.Forthisreason,onlyverybriefnotesaregiventothetechnicalterms.WhatismoreimportantaboutthetextisadescriptionofEinsteinconcerninghis“knackforgoinginstinctivelytotheheartofamatter”(凭本能抓住事物本质的技巧)(Line5-6),his“utternaturalness”(Line,17-18),the“fantasticintensityanddepthofhisconcentration”(考虑问题的强度和深度都是奇妙无比)(Line,46),the“revolutionaryideas”(Line,95)aboutmathematicsandphysics,etc.Thereismuchtolearnfromthelanguageofthetext,too.
Hismainachievements:
theoryofrelativity;
E=mc(energyequalsmasstimesthespeedoflightsquared)(能量=质量×
光速);
thequantumtheoryoflight(光量子理论)
Averyfamousscientist,ascientificgeniuswithalockoflong,grayinghair.
2.HowdoyouthinkHoffmanndescribesEinsteinashisfriend?
Hoffmanntakesadifferentperspective.Hetriestorevealsomeofthelesswell-knownaspectsofEinstein’spersonality,traitsthatcharacterizehimmoreasamanthanasascientificgenius.
II.RelatedInformation
1.WolfgangAmadeusMozart:
(1756-1791),Austriancomposer,oneoftheworld’sgreatestmusicalgeniuses,wrotemasterpiecesineverybranchofmusic.Duringhisshortlife,Mozartcomposedagreatvolumeofmusic.His789compositionsincludeoperas,symphonies,concertos(协奏曲),quartets(四重奏)forthepianoandforstringedinstrumentsandsonatasforbothpianoandviolin.Hismusichasdelicatebeautyandisalwaysfreshandpleasingtotheear.
2.LudwigvanBeethoven:
(1770-1827),Germancomposer,wasoneofmusic’sgreatestgeniuses.Hisworkshavearareoforiginality,emotionaldepth,andexpressivepower.Hewasknownforhisninesymphonies,pianoconcertosandsonatas,andstringquartets(弦乐四重奏).MostofBeethoven’scompositionswerewrittenintheclassicalformsestablishedbyhispredecessorsMozartandHaydn,soheissometimesconsideredthelastgreatcomposerintheclassicaltradition.Buthealsoremoldedandexpandedtheoldformsandinfusedthemwithahighlypersonalintensityofemotion,soheisalsoreferredtoasthefirstoftheRomantics.
3.TheNobelPrize:
AlfredBernhardNobel(1838-1896),adistinguishedSwedishchemistandindustrialist,providedfortheawardofNobelPrize.Heexperimentedwithdifferentkindsofexplosivessuchasnitroglycerin(硝酸甘油)anddynamite(黄色炸药),bothdeadlyexplosives.However,hewasapacifistandhefearedthathisinventionsmightfurtherwarfare.Inhiswillheleftabout$9,000,000inafundtorewardthosewhodidmostforhisfellowmaninscience,literature,andpeace.Inhiswill,hespecifiedthattheinterestaccruedbythefund“beannuallydistributedintheformofprizestothosewhoduringtheprecedingyear,shallhaveconferredthegreatestbenefitonmankind”inthefieldofphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,andpeace,regardlessofnationality.
4.TheNazis:
Nazismisapoliticaldoctrineofracialsupremacy,nationalism,anddictatorship.NaziisanabbreviationofGermanwordforNationalSocialistPartyfoundedbyHitler.HedefinedtheGermanicpeopleasarace,calledAryanssuperiortootherraces.HeblamedGermany’stroublesonJewishcapitalism,Communism,andtheheavyreparationpaymentsGermanywasrequiredtomaketothevictoriousAlliesbytheTreatyofVersailles(June28,1919)thatendedtheFirstWorldWar.
III.
TextComprehension:
1)
MainIdea:
Thisprofile(short,vividbiography,brieflyoutliningaperson’smostoutstandingcharacteristics:
hisability,personality,orcareer人物简介)ismainlyaboutEinstein’spersonalityandhisincomparablecontributionstoscience.
2)
PurposeofwritingandTone:
ThepurposeistoillustratewithanecdotessomecharacteristicfeaturesofEinsteinbothasamanandasascientist.
3)
OrganizationandDevelopment:
Introduction(P1):
Usingtheword“simplicity”tobegintheillustrationofEinstein’sessence
Body(P2-19):
P2-4:
Abouthismodesty;
P5-7:
Einstein’sbrieflifehistoryandhistwogreattheories;
P8-11:
Abouthisconcentrationonwork;
P12-13:
Abouthisloveofnaturalsimplicity;
P14-16:
Abouthisacademiccourage;
P17-18:
Abouthissenseofjustice;
P19:
Abouthisyouthfulinnocence;
Conclusion:
(P20)
SummingupwhatitmeanstohaveknownEinsteinandhiswork.
4)ComprehensionQuestions:
1.Whichphraseinthefirstparagraphexplainstheabstractnotionof“simplicity”?
---"
goinginstinctivelytotheheartofamatter"
2.Fromthetwoanecdotesrelatedinpara.2-4,whatimpressionofEinsteinhaveyougot?
---Hewasaverymodestperson,neverthinkinghimselfanysuperiortoormoreauthoritativethanothersbecauseofhisfameandachievementsasagreatscientistofthetime.
3.What,accordingtotheauthor,isEinstein’smostoutstandingtraitasascientist?
---Concentration.Refertothefirstsentenceofpara.9.(Theintensityanddepthofhisconcentrationwerefantastic.)
4.WhydidEinsteininsistonworkinghardwhenhewassobadlyshakenbyhiswife’sdeath?
---Workinghardrequiresconcentration,whichwouldhelphimtodispelthefeelingofsorrow.
5.Howdoyouinterpretthesentenceinpara.11:
“Tohelphim,Isteeredthediscussionawayfromroutinemattersintomoredifficulttheoreticalproblems”?
---Tacklingmoredifficulttheoreticalproblemsrequiresgreaterconcentrationandabsorption.Thiswouldhelphimtemporarilyforgetthesadnesscausedbyhiswife'
sdeath.
6.WhatrevelationismadethroughEinstein’commentonBeethovenandMozart’works?
---Asasimpleman,EinsteintakesitthatbeautyexistsintheUniverse.Suchbeautyisnatural,pure,andsimple.Beautyfoundisevengreaterandmoreadmirablethanbeautycreated.
7.HowdidEinsteinfeelaboutthedestructiveeffectproducedasaresultoftheapplicationofhisE=mcformula?
---Thisissomethinghehadnotexpected.Hewasgreatlydismayedbythedevastatingeffecthisformulaproducedonceitwasputintoapplication.
8.Doyouthinktheanecdoterelatedinpara.19aimstoillustrateEinstein’s“whimsicality”?
Ifnot,whatpersonalitytraitotherthanbeingwhimsicalityisrevealedhere?
---Hewasnotreallyawhimsicalman.Ifhecouldbecalledawhimsicalman,thenhiswhimsicalitycamefromtheyoungheartandchildlikeinnocencewhichhehadmanagedtoretain.
5)DifficultSentencesforParaphrasing:
1.Thisknackforgoinginstinctivelytotheheartofamatterwasthesecretofhismajorscientificdiscoveries---thisandhisextraordinaryfeelingforbeauty.(Para.1)
---Thisnaturalabilityofintuitivelygettingtotheessenceofasubjectwasthekeytothegreatdiscoveriesmadebyhiminscience.Thisnaturalgiftandhisunusualawarenessofbeauty.
2.Theintensityanddepthofhisconcentrationwerefantastic.Whenbattlingarecalcitrantproblem,heworrieditasananimalworriesitsprey.(P-9)
---Hisengrossmentinideaswasincrediblyintenseanddeep.Whenattackingaproblemdifficulttosolve,hekeptattemptingtodealwithitwithgreateffort,justasananimalchasesandbitesaweakeranimalitpreysuponuntilthelattergivesin.
3.Adreamy,farawayandyetinwardlookwouldcomeoverhisface.Therewasnoappearanceofconcentration,nofurrowingoftheblow---onlyaplacidinnercommunion.(P-10)他脸上会露出心不在焉、恍恍惚惚却又像在内心思索的神色。
没有专注的表情,没有皱眉-只是平静的内心交流。
---Hewouldlooklostinthought,thinkingaboutsomethingdistant,andyetmeditating(调解)withinhimself.Hedidnotseemtobeindeepthought,nordidheknithisbrows-hewasjustinself-containedpeacefulcontemplation(沉思).
4.Eachoftheseassumptions,byitself,wassoplausibleastoseemprimitivelyobvious.Buttogethertheywereinsuchviolentconflictthatalessermanwouldhavedroppedoneortheotherandfledinpanic.(P-14)
---Thetheories,consideredisolatedonebyone,wasreallycredible,sothattheyseemtobesimpleandclear.Butwhenconsideredtogether,theyweresostronglycontradictorytoeachotherthatalesslearnedscholarwouldhavegivenuponeortheothercompletelyandwouldnolongertakeuptheissueagain.
5.Einstein’swork,performedquietlywithpencilandpaper,seemedremotefromtheturmoilofeverydaylife.Buthisideasweresorevolutionarytheycausedviolentcontroversyandirrationalanger.(P-16)
---Einstein'
sworkwasdonequietlywithpencilonpaperandseemedtobefarremovedfromtheconfusionofeverydaylife,buthisideasweresoradicalthattheyledtostrongargumentsandmadepeopleunreasonablyangry.
6)DifficultSentencesforTranslation(E-C):
1.IwasinaweofEinstein,andhesitatedbeforeapproachinghimaboutsomeideasIhadbeenworkingon.(L13-)
我敬畏爱因斯坦,想同他谈谈我一直在思考的一些想法。
此前我一直犹豫不决。
2.Dressedinill-fittingclothes,hishaircharacteristicallyawry,hesmiledawarmwelcome.(L16-)
他穿的衣服极不合身,头发充满个性地蓬乱,笑容里充溢着热烈欢迎之意。
3.Hehadbeennoinfantprodigy;
indeed,hewassolateinlearningtospeakthathisparentsfearedhewasadullard.(L23-)
从小他一直就不是什么天才神童;
实际上,他很迟才学会说话,他的父母还担心他会是个弱智。
4.Wordsfailedhim,andwithashrugofhelplessnesshepointedtohiswristwatch,andsaidintonesofawedamazement,“Itallcamefromthis.”(L90-)
但他不知怎么形容,只好无助地耸耸肩,指了指他的手表,用充满敬畏的惊奇语调说:
“它完完全全就来自这里。
”
5.Hisveryineloquencemadethisthemost