论《芭芭拉少校》原则的让步提纲Word格式文档下载.docx

论《芭芭拉少校》原则的让步提纲Word格式文档下载.docx

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专业：

英语

学号：

**********

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二0一一年六月十二日

AnAnalysisofconcessionofprincipeinGeorgeBernard’sMajorBarbara

AThesis

Submittedto

SchoolofForeignStudies

HunanUniversityofScienceandTechnology

InPartialFulfillmentof

TheRequirementsfor

TheDegreeofBachelorofArts

By

LiuYingying

UndertheSupervisionof

AssociateProf.WangChengHui

June,2011

Abstract

George•GeorgeBernardShaw（1856-1950）isanoutstandingIrish-bornrealistdramatist,literarycritic,andsocialistactivists.AsthetwentiethcenturyrepresentativeoftheBritishtheater,isrecognizedasthemostEnglishliteratureinthehistoryofartisticlifelongplaywright.He'

s"

MajorBarbara"

（1905）isamajorsocialproblemofcapitalism'

smostpowerfulanalysisandcritique."

inthemainbytheSalvationArmyasaherointhepostofMajorBarbaraandherfatherthatendsjustifymeansamillionairearmsdealerAndrewUndershaft•theconflicttoendinadarkrealitySociety,Barbarahadtocompromisetheirprinciples,theirbeliefsandidealshelplesscompromise.Thisismercilesslyexposedandattackedthecapitalistsystemunderthevarioussocialevils.

KeyWords：

MajorBarbara；

Realism；

Principle；

Concession.

中文摘要

乔治·

萧伯纳（1856-1950）是爱尔兰出生的杰出的现实主义戏剧家，文学评论家和社会主义活动家。

作为二十世纪英国戏剧的代表人物,被公认为英国文学史上艺术生命最为长久的剧作家。

他的《巴巴拉少校》（1905）是对资本主义重大社会问题的最为有力的分析和批判。

《巴巴拉少校》主要通过主人公在救世军中担任少校之职的芭芭拉和她那为达目的不择手段的父亲一百万富翁、军火商安德鲁·

安德谢夫的冲突，到最终在充满现实主义的黑暗社会下，芭芭拉不得不对自己原则作出让步，对自己的信仰与理想作出无奈的妥协。

这无情地揭露和抨击了资本主义制度下的种种社会罪恶。

关键词：

《芭芭拉上校》；

现实主义；

原则；

让步。

Contents

Abstract.......................................................................................................................

中文摘要......................................................................................................................

Introduction.................................................................................................................Chapter1ABriefIntroductiontothedrama........................................................

1.1LifeandliterarycareerofGeorgeBernardShaw...............................................

1.2ThesynopsisofMajorBarbara............................................................................

1.3CritismonMajorBarbara.....................................................................................

Chapter2AGeneralSurveyofRealism.................................................................

Chapter3WhyMajorBarbaraHaveGivenupHerPrinciplesintheEnd........

3.1TheprinciplesofMajorBarbara..........................................................................

3.3TheConcessionofMajorBarbara........................................................................

3.4TheRelationwiththeWriter’sExperience...........................................................

Conclusion......................................................................................................................

Introduction

GeorgeBernardShaw（1856-1950）isanoutstandingIrish-bornrealistdramatist,literarycritic,andsocialistactivists.AsthetwentiethcenturyrepresentativeoftheBritishdrama,upto58yearsinhiscareer,completedthecreationof51plays,thehistoryofEnglishliteratureisrecognizedasthemostartisticlifelongplaywright.Hiswidower'

sestate（1892）Mrs.Warren'

scareer"

（1893）andMajorBarbara（1905）isamajorsocialproblemofcapitalism'

smostpowerfulanalysisandcritique.

MajorBarbara,mainlythroughthecharacteroftheSalvationArmyinthepostasMajorBarbaraandherfatherthatendsjustifymeans-millionairearmsdealerAndrewUndershaftLuanDeconflicts,mercilesslyexposedandattackedthecapitalcapitalistsystemunderthevarioussocialevils.Realismbycontemporaryplaywrights,particularlytheimpactofIbsen,Shawcreatedanewstyleofdrama,ithasgreatsignificancetothesubjectmatterandinnovativetechniquesandmaturetogether.Thisarticleattemptstorealisticdramafromtheperspectiveof"

andexplaintheartisticfeaturesofthe20thcenturyGeorgeBernardShaw'

sgreatcontributiontoBritishtheater.

GeorgeBernardShawpermanentartisticlifeandastrongcreativeenergyintheUKliterarysceneisunmatched.Inhis94-year-old'

slifethatcompletedfivenovels,manyliteraturereviewsand51scripts.

FollowedbyMajorBarbara,thestoryoutlineandtherelatedcomments.MajorBarbaraThebirthoftheplaytobealotofcriticsattention.Someofthemarefromtheperspectiveofcomparativeliterature,thecharactersandthecharactersinotherworkscomparedtosomeofthebasicelementsfromthetheatertalkingabouttheplay.ButmostcriticsplaybyGeorgeBernardShawartisticfeaturesonlytheoverallevaluationandsummary,notacommentreallyfromMajorBarbaratostart,realisticdramafromtheperspectiveofthisworktoevaluateandanalyze.

Chapter1ABriefIntroductiontotheDrama

1.1LifeandliterarycareerofGeorgeBernardShaw

GeorgeBernardShaw（1856-1905）wasborninDublin,Ireland.Hisfathe,GeorgeCarrShaw,wasapettyofficial,andmother,LucindaElisabeth,thedaughterofanimpoverishedlandowner.GeorgeCarrShawwasadrunkardandnotresponsibleforthefamily.Whenhediedin1885hischildrenandwifedidnotattendhisfuneral,Mis.CarrShawwasherselfatalentedamateursingerwhoperformedagooddealinpublic,andforatime,GeorgeJohnVandaleurLee,theeccentricteacherwhotrainedhervoiceandconductedtheconcertsinwhichshesang,livedwiththefamily.WhenhewenttoLondon,Mrs.CarrShawfollowedwithherdaughters,leavinghersonandhusbandbehind.ShawfinishedhisformaleducationattheDublinEnglishScientificandCommercialDaySchool.Attheageof14,hestartedtoworkasajuniorclerk.Whenhewas20yearsold,hewenttoLondonandremainedtherejoblessfor9years,livinginhismother’shouseanddevotingmuchtimetoself-educationattheBritishMuseum.Hebaganhisliterarycareerbywritingmusicanddramacriticismandnovels.

.GeorgeBernardShaw'

splaysthemostprominentfeatureisthecloseconnectionwiththerealityofpoliticalstruggle,daretotouchonthenatureofcapitalistsocietythemostproblems,exposedtheuglyfaceoftheexploitingclassesinpublic.Inartistictechnique,heisgoodatdialogueandthroughcharacterstoexpressthoughtsandfeelingsclashpersonalityclashesandthemainideas.GeorgeBernardShaw'

sdramaticlanguagesharppungent,fullofwit,witticismpolicewereblurtedout.Hismostfamousplaysare:

widower'

sestate（1893）Mrs.Warren'

sprofession（1898）,ArmsandtheMan1894）,ManandSuperman（1903）,MajorBarbra（1905）,TheDoctor’sDilemma（1906）,GettingMarried（1908）,Misalliance（1910）,AndroclesandtheLion（1913）andsoon.Thecomedy,Pygmalion（1913）forbeingAlanLerneradaptedforthemusicalMyFairLadytheHollywoodmusicaladaptationofthesamenamehasbeenknownforblockbusterfilms.

.2.2ThesynopsisofMajorBarbara

AnOfficerofTheSalvationArmy,MajorBarbaraUndershaft,becomesdisillusionedwhenherChristiandenominationacceptsmoneyfromanarmamentsmanufacturer（herfather）andawhiskydistiller.Sheeventuallydecidesthatbringingamessageofsalvationtopeoplewhohaveplentywillbemorefulfillingandgenuinethanconvertingthestarvinginreturnforbread.

AlthoughBarbarainitiallyregardstheSalvationArmy'

sacceptanceofUndershaft'

smoneyashypocrisy,Shawdidnotintendthatitshouldbethoughtsobytheaudience.Shawwroteaprefacefortheplay'

spublication,inwhichhederidedtheideathatcharitiesshouldonlytakemoneyfrom"

morallypure"

sources.Hepointsoutthatdonationscanalwaysbeusedforgood,whatevertheirprovenance,andhequotesaSalvationArmyofficer,"

theywouldtakemoneyfromthedevilhimselfandbeonlytoogladtogetitoutofhishandsandintoGod'

s"

.

1.3CritismonMajorBabara

MajorBarbaraisoneoftherepresentativeworksduringShaw’ssecondperiodofplaywriting.Itis“arealisticpictureofthefirstdecadeinthe20thcenturywhenmonopolycapitalismholdstisswayinBritainandallotherbourgeoisnations”（ChenJia103）.ShawhimselfcalledMajorBarbaraa“discussion”,andthefirstproduction,inNovember1905inLondon,pleasedtheBritishPrimeMinisterandmostoftheaudience.ThecriticoftheLondonTimesaccusedShawofnotbeingconvincingasadramatist,butofbeingagodthinker.ItisamongShaw’sthreemostpowerfuldramas,theothertwobeingWidowers’HousesandMrs.Warren’sPrefeeion,forinthesethreeplays,Shaw’ssatirewas“aimedatthecapitalistsystemitselfandnotsimplyatsomeofthevicesorfoiblesofthebourgeoissociety”（ChenJia97）.

LiterarycriticsholdvariousviewsonMajorBarbaraeversinceitwasputonthestage.MargerymorgananalysestheplayfromadramaticperpectiveinhishisbookYorknotes:

NotesonMajorBarbara.HeoffersusabriefintroductionofShaw’slifeandplays,asummaryofMajorBarbaraanditscommentary,includingmainlyitsthemes,thesettings,thetheatricalstyles,characterization,etc.Healsopresentsuswtihehintsandsuggestionsforstudyandfurtherreading.

ChaptertwoAGeneralSurveyofRealism

30'

sfirstinthe19thcenturyFrance,theUKandotherplacesofliterarytrends,thefuturespreadofRussia,ScandinaviaandtheUnitedStatestobecomethemainstreamof19thcenturyEuropeanandAmericanliterature,butalsocreatedamodernEuropeanandAmericanliteratureofthepeak.Realismasastrongsocialcriticism,Gorkycalled"

criticalrealism."

Realismisthemaintheoriesininternationalrelatio