最新中国文化概论英文版Unit8答案资料Word格式文档下载.docx
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1）Lookatthefollowingpictures.TheyareallillustrationsofthefamousstoriesofthefourgreatnovelsofChineseliterature.Doyouknoworcanyoutellanyofthesestories?
a.
Story1:
颐和园长廊上的彩绘：
桃园三结义
2008-04拍摄，绘画年代大约于19世纪末
OathofthePeachGarden
TheOathofthePeachGarden（桃园三结义）wasanoathinthehistoricalnovelRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,bywhichthethreewarriorsLiuBei,GuanYu,andZhangFeibecameswornbrothersinaceremonyamidpeachblossomtrees.TheoriginalgoalofthePeachGardenOathwastoprotecttheHanDynastyfromtheYellowTurbans.ThisactboundthethreekeymenofthefutureShu-HanKingdomofChinaandisoftenalludedtoasasymboloffraternalloyalty.Nothinginhistoricalrecordssuggestsuchaneventhappened,thoughthethreewerenotedtobeclose,tothepointofsharingthesamebed.
Theoath,asitappearsintheWikisourcetranslationofRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms/Chapter1,wasthis:
WhensayingthenamesLiuBei,GuanYuandZhangFei,althoughthesurnamesaredifferent,yetwehavecometogetherasbrothers.Fromthisdayforward,weshalljoinforcesforacommonpurpose,andcometoeachother'
saidintimesofcrisis.Weshallavengethenationfromabove,andpacifythecitizenryfrombelow.Weseeknottobebornonthesameday,inthesamemonthandinthesameyear.Wemerelyhopetodieonthesameday,inthesamemonthandinthesameyear.Maythegodsofheavenandearthattesttowhatisinourhearts.Ifweshouldeverdoanythingtobetrayourfriendship,maythegodsinheavenstrikeusdead.
Inmanyothertranslations,onlythesectiondealingwith"
dyingontheselfsameday"
ispresent.However,thethreebrothersdonotdieonthesameday:
GuanYuisexecutedbySunQuan,ZhangFeiisassassinatedbyhisownmenwhomhetreatedwithcruelty,andLiuBeidiesofillnessafterthedisastrousattemptstoavengeGuanYuandreclaimtheprovinceofJing.
TheoathinspiredthepresentdaysecretsocietiesinChinesecommunities,suchastheTriad,touseasimilarritualwhenswearinginnewmembers."
Thoughnotbornonthesamedayofthesamemonthinthesameyear,wehopetodieso"
—thephrasethethreebrothersmadeduringtheoath—hadalsobecomepopularamongthepresentdaysecretsocietymembers.（392words）
（http:
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_of_the_Peach_Garden）
Story2:
颐和园长廊彩绘中的徐庶荐诸葛（三顾茅庐）故事
ThreeVisitstotheThatchedCottage
AftertheyhadbecomeswornbrothersatTaoyuan,LiuBei,GuanYuandZhangFeimadeconcertedeffortstorestoretheHanDynasty.Buttheyfeltthatitwouldbeimpossibletodoitwithoutthehelpofasmartadviser.TheLiu-Guan-ZhangalliancelaterwononebattleafteranotherthankstotheadviceofXuShu.Butbeforelong,XuhadtosurrendertotheopposingcampofCaoCaoinordertosavethelifeofhismotherwhowasabductedbytheCaotroops.Beforeheleft,XuShurecommendedZhugeLiangtothebrothers.
AccompaniedbyGuanYuandZhangFei,LiuBeiwenttoWolongganginLongzhonginthehopeofinvitingZhugeLiangtobetheirmilitaryadviser.ButZhuge'
sservantsaid:
"
TheMentorleftinthemorning."
LiuBeiaskedtheservanttoforwardtoZhugeLianghismessagethatthebrothershadcometovisithim.Afterthat,Liurodehishorseaway,returninghomesullenly.AfewdayslaterwhenhelearnedthatZhugeLiangwasathome,LiuBeiwentforanothervisitalongwithGuanYuandZhangFei.Theservantsaid:
TheMentorisreadingbooksathisthatchedcottage."
Liurequestedtoseehim.WhentheylearnedthattheonereadingbooksatthethatchedcottagewasnotZhugeLianghimselfbuthisbrotherZhugeJun,theLiu-Guan-Zhangbrothersleftalettertoexpresstheiradmirationandthenbravedheavysnowstoreturnhome.
NotlongaftertheyreturnedtotheirbarracksatXinye,LiuBeiwantedtovisitZhugeLiang'
sthatchedcottageoncemore.ButGuanYudissuadedLiufromgoingbysayingthatperhapsZhugeLiangwasnotassmartasexpectedandthathewassimplydodgingthevisitingbrothersforthat.ZhangFeisaid:
Youdon'
tneedtogo.I'
lltiehimupandforcehimtocomeandseeyouinstead."
LiuBeilostnotimeintellinghisbrothersthestoryofKingWenbentonvisitingoneofhissubjectscalledJiangZiya.Liu,GuanandZhang,therefore,paidathirdvisittoWolonggang.Theyhadnosoonerarrivedthantheservantsaid:
TheMentorissleeping."
LiuBeiwaiteduntilZhugeLiangwasawakeanddressed.Finally,heconsentedtoseethebrothers.LiuBeipaidthreevisitstothethatchedcottagewithoutcomplaint.HefinallysucceededininvitingZhugeLiangtobehismilitaryadviserandtohelpthebrothersintheircause.（416words）
三顾茅庐
《三国演义》中的故事。
刘备、关羽、张飞自桃园结义后，虽整天东奔西跑，但因缺少谋士，总觉得恢复汉朝天下无望。
后来得徐庶帮助，连打胜仗。
徐庶为救母无奈去了曹营。
临走推荐了诸葛亮。
一日，刘备带关羽、张飞来到隆中卧龙冈，想请诸葛亮出山。
小僮说：
"
先生今早出去了。
刘备让僮子转告先生说他来访，然后拉马闷闷不乐地回去了。
又过了数日，刘备控得诸葛亮已回家，便同关、张二次来访。
僮子说：
先生正在草堂看书。
刘备求见后得知不是诸葛亮，而是其弟诸葛钧。
于是留下一封信，表达敬慕之情。
兄弟三人又冒雪回去了。
回到新野不久，刘备想再次去请诸葛亮。
关羽劝说：
可能诸葛亮没本事，怕见我们。
张飞则说：
你们别去了，我用绳子捆来。
刘备忙讲了当年文王访姜子牙的故事。
兄弟三人又第三次来到卧龙冈。
他们一到，小僮忙说：
先生在睡觉。
刘备一直等到诸葛亮睡醒后更衣相见。
刘备不辞劳苦，三顾顾庐，终于请出诸葛亮出山辅佐，共图大业。
背景知识：
三顾茅庐--成语典故内容和出处
明朝三顾茅庐图长廊彩绘故事：
颐和园长廊彩绘中的徐庶荐诸葛故事
三顾茅庐或三顾草庐是指中国东汉末年刘备三次到诸葛亮住处请他出山辅佐自己的事件。
此事件最早见于诸葛亮的《出师表》，该文提到刘备“三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激”。
《三国志》中对此仅有“凡三往，乃见”的简略记述[1]。
《三国演义》[2]对此事件进行了扩写。
三顾茅庐后来成为形容求贤若渴的成语。
建安十二年（207年）冬至十三年（208年）春，当时驻军新野的刘备在徐庶的建议下，三次到隆中拜访诸葛亮。
前两次都没见到诸葛亮，第三次终于相见。
谈话中，诸葛亮为刘备分析了天下形势，提出先取荆州为家，再取益州成鼎足之势，继而图取中原的战略构想，这就是著名的《隆中对》。
三顾茅庐之后，诸葛亮出山成为刘备的军师。
刘备集团后来的种种攻略皆本于此。
成语典故出处
“先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。
” --诸葛亮《前出师表》
2）DoyouthinktheTVserialsadaptedfromthesegreatworksmatchtheoriginalverywell?
Anydisappointments,regretsorsatisfaction?
3）Whichmediumofliteraturedoyouprefer,audio-videoorpapertext?
Pleaseexplainyourreasons.
4）Isitnecessaryforustodistinguishbetweentherealhistoryandthefictionalone?
Why?
5）Inwhichrespectsdoesthenovel（orthecharactersofthenovel）haveconnectionwiththecorevaluesoffeudalsocietyofChina?
Whichcorevalue（s）has/havebecometheculturallegacyofChinesenation?
SectionACulturalTreasures
Task1.略
Task2.
ProverbsDerivedfromRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms
Translation
Chinese
Interpretation
torepeatedlyrequestsomebodytotakeuparesponsiblepost
RecklessnessleadstothelosingofJingzhou
大意失荆州
sufferamajorsetbackasaresultofnegligence；
failedbecauseofcarelessness.Carelessnessleadstofailure.
Therelationshipbetweenahusbandandawifeislikeapieceofgarment;
ifthegarmentistorn,itcanbemended.Therelationshipbetweentwobrothersislikealimb;
ifalimbisbroken,itcannotberepaired.
夫妻如衣服,
兄弟如手足
Itismucheasierforahusbandandhiswifetoreconcileafteraquarrelbutthatismuchharderinthecaseoftwosiblings.
LiuBei"
borrows"
Jingzhou–borrowingwithoutreturning.
刘备借荆州—
有借无还
Therearesomepeoplewhoborrowthingsfromyouanddonotreturnthem.
SpeakofCaoCaoandCaoCaoarrives;
Speakofthedevil.
说曹操，曹操到
说曹操曹操就到
Equivalenttospeakofthedevil,whensomeonewhoisbeingspokenaboutappears.
Threereekingtanners（areenoughto）overcomeoneZhugeLiang.
三个臭皮匠,
胜过一个诸葛亮
Threeinferiorpeoplecanoverpowerasuperiorpersonwhentheycombinetheirstrength.
Losingyourwifeandyourarmy.
赔了夫人又折兵
Makingdoublelossesinadealorlosingonbothsidesofit.
EasternWuarrangesforamarriagethatturnsfromfakeintoreal.
东吴招亲——
弄假成真
Puttingonashow（todeceivesomeone）buttheeventsinthe"
show"
becomerealityunexpectedly.
Theyoungshouldn'
treadWaterMarginwhiletheoldshouldn'
treadThreeKingdoms
少不读水滸,
老不读三國
Theformerdepictsthelivesofoutlawsandtheirdefianceofthesocialsystem,andmayhaveanegativeinfluenceonyoungboys.Thelatterpresentseverymannerofstratagemandfraud,whichisthoughttopotentiallytempttheolderreaders.
ADouthatcannotbeheldup
扶不起的阿斗
Sb.thatcanneverbecomeanoutstandingpersonevenwiththestrongsupportofotherpeople
I'
dratherletothersdownthantoallowotherstoletmedown;
Bettertowrongtheworldthanhaveitwrongme
宁我负人，
毋人负我；
宁教我負天下人，
休教天下人負我
Doanythingpossibletootherstofulfillone’sambitionnomatterwhatmeanstouse
桃园结义
Peoplevowtounitetogetherinprivateforacommongoal
Longdividedmustunite,longunitedmustdivide
分久必合，
合久必分
Aninevitablelawforthingstodevelop,unitedordivided;
alsoimplyingthatthingstendtochangeafterlong
Usingstrawboatstoborrowarrows
草船借箭
Applyone’sbrainandintellectratherthanactrecklesslytoovercomedifficulties
IenjoylifehereanddonotthinkofShuatall.
乐不思蜀；
此间乐，不思蜀
Sb.indulge/enjoyoneselfindoingsth.toomuchtoreturntonormalorshould-belife
Takingfivepassesandkillingsixgenerals
过五关斩六将
Overcomemanydifficultiesatastretchbywit,bravery,loyalty
Ridingaloneforthousandsofmiles
千里走单骑
Accomplishanachievement
alonebywit,bravery,belief
Allisreadyexcepteastwind
万事具备，
只欠东风
Allisreadyexceptwhatiscrucial;
Manproposes,Goddisposes
ZhouYubeatsHuangGai—Oneiswillingtobea
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