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ArthurvonWiesenberger,whocarriesthetitleWaterMaster,isoneofthefewwatercriticsinNorthAmerica.Asaboy,hespenttimeinthelargercitiesofItaly,FranceandSwitzerland,wherebottledwaterisconsumeddaily.Eventhen,hekeptawaterjournal,notingthebrandshelikedbest.“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater,”Hesays.
Butisplaintapwaterallthatbad?
Notatall.Infact,NewYork’smunicipalwaterformorethanacenturywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthebestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.Similarly,amagazineinEnglandfoundthattapwaterfromtheThamesRivertastedbetterthanseveralleadingbrandsofbottledwaterthatwere400timesmoreexpensive.
Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompaniesviewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare—thisdespitethefactthatover25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtapwater:
PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniarebothpurifiedtapwaterratherthanspringwater.
Asdinersthirstforleadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(垂涎)overtheprofits.Arestaurant’stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit’soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon’tnoticeorcare.
Asaresult,somerestaurantsareturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater.AccordingtoanarticleinTheStreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottlesonthetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottledwaterwithoutevenaskingthedinersiftheywantit.
Regardlessofhowit’ssold,thepopularityofbottledwatertapsintoourdesireforbetterhealth,ourwishtoappearcultivated,andevenalongingforlostpurity.
57.WhatdoweknowaboutIcebergWaterfromthepassage?
A)Itisakindoficedwater.
B)Itisjustplaintapwater.
C)Itisakindofbottledwater.
D)Itisakindofmineralwater.(C)
58.Bysaying“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater”(Line4Para.2),vonWiesenbergerwantstoconveythemessagethat________.
A)plaintapwateriscertainlyunfitfordrinking
B)bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwater
C)bottledwateroftenappealsmoretodogstaste
D)dogscanusuallydetectafinedifferenceintaste(B)
59.The“fancierbrands”(Line3Para.5)refersto________.
A)tapwaterfromtheThamesRiver
B)famouswinesnotsoldinordinarystores
C)PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasani
D)expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames(D)
60.Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater?
A)Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits.
B)Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense.
C)Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable.
D)Bottledwatersatisfieddiners’desiretofashionable.(A)
61.Accordingtopassage,whyisbottledwatersopopular?
A)Itismuchcheaperthanwine.
B)Itisconsideredhealthier.
C)Itappealstomorecultivatedpeople.
D)Itismorewidelypromotedinthemarket.(B)
PassageTwo
Aswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease—especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有营养的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.
Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well.”Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe“well,”inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.
62.Todaymedicalcareisplacingmorestresson________.
A)keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalcondition
B)monitoringpatients’bodyfunctions
C)removingpeople’sbadlivinghabits
D)ensuringpeople’spsychologicalwell-being(C)
63.Inthefirstparagraph,peopleareremindedthat________.
A)goodhealthismorethannotbeingill
B)drinking,evenifnottoexcess,couldbeharmful
C)regularhealthchecksareessentialtokeepingfit
D)preventionismoredifficultthancure(B)
64.Traditionally,apersonisconsidered“well”ifhe________.
A)doesnothaveanyunhealthylivinghabits
B)doesnothaveanyphysicalhandicaps
C)isabletohandlehisdailyroutines
D)isfreefromanykindofdisease(D)
65.Accordingtotheauthor,thetruemeaningof“wellness”isforpeople________.
A)tobestsatisfytheirbody’sspecialneeds
B)tostrivetomaintainthebestpossiblehealth
C)tomeetthestricteststandardsofbodilyhealth
D)tokeepaproperbalancebetweenworkandleisure(B)
66.Accordingtowhattheauthoradvocates,whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplewouldbeconsideredhealthy?
A)Peoplewhohavestrongmusclesaswellasslimfigures.
B)Peoplewhoarenotpresentlyexperiencinganysymptomsofdisease.
C)Peoplewhotrytobeaspossible,regardlessoftheirlimitations.
D)Peoplewhocanrecoverfromillnessevenwithoutseekingmedicalcare.(C)
87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto________(适应不同文化中的生活).
88.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).
89.Thevictim________(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.
90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).
91.Thenation’spopulationcontinuestorise________(以每年1200万人的速度).
2006年12月四级答案
57.C)58.B)59.D)60A61B62.C)63.A)64.D)65.B)66.C)
87.adapttolivesindifferentcultures/adapt(oneself)tolivingindifferentcultures
88.nothingismoreattractive/appealingtomethanreading
89.wouldhave/standachancetosurvive
90.mayfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome
91.ataspeedof12millionpeopleperyear
2007年6月21日大学英语四级考试
I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.
Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍纵即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.
ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomefromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.
Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.
Insteadofstaringatablankstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouavailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.
57.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4,Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans________.
A)noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical
B)theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant
C)theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother
D)onecannotusethematthesametime(D)
58.W