阅读理解中的难点处理Word文档格式.docx

阅读理解中的难点处理Word文档格式.docx

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水螅；

海葵；

Intelligentbehaviorremainedimpossibleuntiltheappearanceofrelativelybig，complextypesofbrain——thetypeswefindamongthevertebrates，orbackbonedanimals.脊椎动物

c.根据对同一意义的不同指称方法的确定：

同一个意思可以有不同的方式表达，这是我们都知道的尝试，而这有助于我们在阅读时进行词义判断。

NearlyallofShakespeare’splaysinvolvedsomekindoffighting,andtoportrayhand-to-hadcombateffectively,theactorhadtohaveexcellenttraining.

Theremarkableblack-and-orangemonarchsmigratesouthwardeachfallandnooneissurewhythesebutterfliesmigrateorhowtheynavigate.Allweknowisthatmonarchsmigratebythemillionsandthattheycomebackeveryspring.

Mr.andMrs.Firthhadalongcourtship.Theydatedfornineyearsbeforetheygotmarried.

Althoughheoftenhadtheopportunity，Mr.Trittneverstolemoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldhaveendangeredhispositionatthebank，andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.

d.一般常识

Anapplefallsdowninsteadofupbecauseofgravity.

AnatomicclockissoprecisethatitcanbeusedtochecktheaccuracyofpredictionsbasedonEinstein’srelativitytheories.

Annwassoobtusethatshecouldnotfollowtheteacher’sreasoningandaskedfoolishquestions.（迟钝的，愚笨的）

e．举例

Youcanborrowtheseperiodicalsfromthelibrary:

Nature,NewSociety,NewWeek,ortheListener.

Monkeysarewell-knownfortheirgroominghabits;

theyspendhourscarefullycleaningbitsofdirtandstrawfromtheircoats.

Theconsequencesofepochaleventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoveriesarenotconfinedtoasmallgeographicalarea.新纪元的，划时代的

f.比较

Hishappinessvanishedlikethemorningdew.

Thesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdriftedwiththewindlikefeathers.

g．对比

Unlikehissister,whoisawarm,interestedperson,Johnisapathetictoeveryoneandeverything.

Althoughhisparentswereindigent,theysomehowmanagedtoprovideTommywithproperfoodandclothing.贫乏，穷困的

Heisusuallyloquacious,buttonightheisrathersilent.多话的

Chimpanzees（猩猩）inthewildusesimpleobjectsastools，butinlaboratorysituationstheycanusemoresophisticateditems.

Mostdentists-officesaredrabplaces，whileEmilio’snewofficeisabright，cheerfulplace.单调的

B.构词法

a.复合词

b.混合词

ThereismuchsmogoverthecityofLosAngeles.

Aheliportisatakingoffandlandingplaceforhelicopters.

Brunch,comsat（communicationandsatellite）newscast,telecast,sitcom

c词根

Thatroomisspaciousenoughtobeagoodplacefortheparty.

d前缀和后缀

2.指代

3圆周句

圆周句的特点是将所有背景，次要的概念都放在前面，而最重要的想说的话放在句尾，而形成欲扬先抑或欲抑先扬的效果。

Ifyouhavenotyetappreciatedthetruththatmoneyiseverything,yousoonwill.

Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.

　　以上两句话都是前半句让人本来以为要说多正经的事情呢，嗷嗷唱高调，后面的半句啪擦就摔下来了。

　　如果在口语中能适度使用圆周句式，能够使语言显得更加的幽默或者是有气势。

比如:

Havingconsideredbothsidesoftheargument,Ihavecometotheconclusionthattheadvantagesofowningacaroutweighthedisadvantages.

Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatyoumaytakeahorsetothewater,butyoucannotmakehimdrink.

4.逻辑联系关系

一般把连接词与连接语分为以下三类：

1.表明事件发生的时间顺序：

then,first,atonce,next,afterthat,previously,while,when,thefollowingday,etc.

2.表明文章的组织结构:

1）Listing:

firstly,inthefirstplace,secondly,thirdly,mynextpointis,last/finally,etc.

2）Illustrating:

forexample/forinstance,toillustrate,anexample/instanceofthisis,let’stake…..,take….forexample,etc.

3）Re-stating:

inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway,letmeputitthisway,orrather,namely,etc.

4）Referring:

inthisrespect,inthatconnection,aswesaid,apartfromthis,etc.

5）Resuming:

toresume,toreturntothepreviouspoint,gettingbacktotheargument,etc.

6）Summarizing:

tosumup,inshort,itamountstothis,whatIhavebeensayingisthis,etc.

7）Emphasizing:

itisworthnoting,Iwouldliketodirectyourattentionto,letusconsider,wemustnowturnto,Ishallbeginby,etc.

3.表明作者的观点、态度

1）Introducing（oremphasizing）furtherevidence:

moreover,furthermore,inaddition,what’smore,aswell,etc.

2）Cause:

because（of）,since,owingto,onaccountof,dueto,asaresultof,etc.

3）Effect:

asaresult,hence,therefore,consequently,thus,so,etc.

4）Contrasting:

in/bycontrast,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,nevertheless,whereas,while,yet,however,but,etc.

5）Comparison:

inlikemanner,likewise,inthesameway,similarly,incomparisonwith,etc.

6）Purpose:

tothisend,forthispurpose,withthisinmind,inorderto,sothat,etc.

7）Intensification:

indeed,infact,inanyevent/case,atnotime,totellthetruth,etc.

三、阅读题型分析及应对策略

1．主旨类

（1）Whatisthemainidea（subject）ofthispassage?

（2）Whatdoesthispassagemainly（primarily）concerned?

（3）Themainthemeofthispassageis___________.

（4）Themainpointofthepassageis__________.

（5）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

（6）Thetitlethatbestexpressesthethemeofthepassageis___________.

（7）Onwhichofthefollowingsubjectwouldthepassagemostlikelybefoundinatextbook?

（8）Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassage_________.

（9）Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?

Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:

moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater;

anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon’tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

72. 

Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare___.

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

73. 

FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto___.

A.confidenceinlife 

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle 

D.personalfuture

74. 

Causesoffashionsare___.

A.uniform 

B.variedC.unknown 

D.inexplicable.

75. 

Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes___.

A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality

76. 

Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations.2002TextC（A）

应对策略：

跳读（skimming）文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句。

主旨应该是宏观的，但有不能失之空泛。

忌讳：

以偏概全，范围过宽，无信息

判断主旨大意的方法：

看标题，主题句（开头，结尾，中间，首尾）

如果第一句是疑问句，则第二句是主旨句

如果第一句是否定或部分否定句，则第二句是主旨句

如果第一句话的第一和第二个单词是however,although，一般为主旨句（段落转折）

如果是generalizationorvariety

如果第一句话包含因果关系

结尾以结尾性词汇结束，例如thus,therefore,intheend,sothat

结尾以it巨型（主从或强调）It