七升八15定语从句07Word格式.docx
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2、which在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词,指前句整个的意思,如:
shehaswarriedagain,whichsurprisesus.
三、在定语从句中,许多人往往分不清allthat和what,what实际上只引导名词性从句,它相当于allthat两个字,例如:
AllthatIknowisthathehasmadeuphismindtoheavethecountryforanewplace.
=whatIknowisthat……
(1)限定性定语从句:
种类
先行词
关联词
例句
说明
定
语
从
句
(人)在从句中做主语或宾语
物
在从句中做主语或宾语
who
which
Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.
这就是救了孩子生命的医生。
SheisthenewstudentwhomIwanttointroducetoyou.
她就是我要介绍给你的新学生
Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.
请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。
ThenovelwhichTomboughtisveryinteresting.
汤姆买的小说很有意思。
Canyoulendmethemagazineaboutwhichyoutalkedyesterday?
你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗?
who在从句中做主语
whom在从句中做宾语,口语中who可以代替whom,也可以被省去,但做介词宾语时只能用whom
which在从句中做主语。
which充当宾语时可以省去。
which做介词宾语不可省
例句
说明
人
或
的
whose
TheprofessorwhosedaughterteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams
那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。
Theprofessor,thedaughterofwhomteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams.
Thebikewhosebrakewasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.
那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。
=Thebikethebrakeofwhichwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired
whose在从句中做定语
指某人的也可以用…ofwhom代替whose
指物时也可以用…ofwhich代替whose
that
ThewomanthatisplayingthepianoisMissZhang.
正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。
I’dliketoseethefilmsthatarejustonshow.
我想看那些刚上映的电影。
that指人做主语
that指物做主语
all,littlemuch和some,anyevery,no构成的合成代词
Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberintheschool.
他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事,谈了大约有半个小时。
I’lltellyouall(that)Iknowaboutit.
我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。
Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?
有什么我可以帮助做的事吗?
I’vebroughteverything(that)youneed.
我把你需要的东西都拿来了。
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.
这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
Thefirstplacethatwe’llvisitisBeijingLibrary.
我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆
先行词分别表示人和物,关系代词要用that,不用who或which
先行词表示物,关系代词用that不用which,在从句中做宾语可省去。
如果先行词是人时,关系代词不受制约,用that或who(whom)
均可
先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时定语从句用that引导。
Heistheonlypersonthatisbelievable.
他是唯一可靠的人。
Johnistheverypersonthatshewantstosee.
约翰正是她要见的人。
WhoisthemanthatistalkingwithTom?
正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁?
Whichofthebooksthatyouboughtiseasytoread?
你买的那些书中哪一本容易读。
先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时用关系代词that.
当主句以who、which开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句要用that
时
间
when
Hecameatatimewhenwe.neededhimmost.他在我们最需要的时候来了。
We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。
在定语从句中作时间状语
注:
先行词是time,minute,moment,nexttim很少用关系副词when,可用that但通常省去。
地点
where
Thisistheroomwhereheputupforthenight.
这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子。
在定语从句中作地点状语
原因
理由
why
Iknowthereasonwhyshestudiessowell.
我知道她学习好的原因。
在定语从句中作原因状语
(2)非限制性定语从句
非
限
制
性
没有固定的先行词而是一个句子
whom
as
George,whoismyclassmate,haswonascholarship.
乔治获得了奖学金,他是我的同学。
Dr.Li,whomIknowverywell,willcomeheretomorrow.
李大夫明天将来这儿,我跟他很熟悉。
IgavehimaNewYearcard,whichheenjoyedverymuch.
我给他一张贺年卡,他很喜欢它。
Hestudieshardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.
他年轻时在校学习努力,这导致了他后来生活中的成功。
Hegetsupearly,asisalwayshishabit.
他总是早起床,这是他的习惯。
Johnwasadmittedintothecollege,aswehadexpected.
约翰被大学录取了,这是我们期待的。
Theearth,asisknowntoall,isround.
人人皆知,地球是圆的。
who,whom不能省去,也不能用that代替
which指物,不可省去,也不能用that代替
which作主语指它前面的整个句子,不可用that代替,强调结果。
as指全句,在从句中做主语。
as指全句意思,在从句中做宾语。
as引导的定语从句可以放在句首,句中或句末。
ThisisthesamebookasIlostyesterday.
这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。
用于thesame…as,such…as,as…as等结构中。
(3)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
从句与先行词的关系
从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省去,主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。
从句只是对先行词的附加说明,如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整
标点
从句和主句之间不用逗号分开
从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开
关
系
代
词
指人who(that)whom
指物which(that)
人和物whose
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去
指人who(作主语)whom(做宾语)
指物which
人和物的whose
关系代词一般不可省
修饰
从句只修饰一个名词或代词
可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句
翻译
定语从句译在被修饰词的前面
定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子
【专项训练】
1.Footballisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.who
2.Isthereanythingelseyourequire?
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what
3.ThelastplacewevisitedwastheGreatWall.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooksinterestedhimgreatlyintheschool.
A.whichB.whoC.itD.that
5.Thereailwaytunnel,thoughthetraingoes,willbecompletedsoon.
A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom
6.Hisuncleworksinafactorybicyclesaremade.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there
7.Thereisnodictionaryyoucanfindeverything.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat
8.Nextmonth,you’llspendinyourhometowniscoming.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
9.Nextmonth,you’llbeinyourhometowniscoming.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
10.Ioftenthoughtofmychildhood,Ilivedonafarm.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.who
11.Hewantedtoknowthetimeheneededtoknow.
A.thatB.whenC.whereD.what
12.Thereisn’tsomuchnoiseinthecountryinbigcities.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.as
13.TheycouldonlyreadsuchstorieshadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
14.Thestemsofbambooarehollowmakesthemverylight.
A.whichB.asC.thatD.it
15.Crusoe’sdoghecameillanddied,madehimverylonely.
A.asB.whichC.thatD.this
16.They’veinvitedmetotheirparty,iskindofthem.
A.asB.whichC.ThatD.this
17.weknownow,batscomeoutonlyatnight.
A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.What
18.Johngotbeateninthegame,hadbeenexpected.
A.asB.thatC.whatD.who
19.hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.
A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As
20.Doyouknowthereasonhewaslate?
A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhich
21.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.
A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit
22.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,writeswell.
A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem
23.Therearetwothousandstudentsinourschool,aregirls.
A.ofwhomtwothirdsB.two-thirdsofthemC.two-thirdinthemD.two-thirdsinwhich
24.Doyouknowtheman?
A.whomIspokeB.towhoIspokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
25.Thefactorywe’llvisitnextweekisn’tfarfromhere.
A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.towhich
26.Thisisoneofthebestfilmsthisyear.
A.havebeenshownB.thathaveshownC.thathavebeenshownD.whichhasbeenshown
27.Canyoulendmethebooktheotherday?
A.youtalkedaboutB.aboutthatyoutalkedC.thatyoutalkedD.whichyoutalked
28.Isthereanyoneinyouclassfamilyisinthecity.
A.whoB.who’sC.whichD.whose
29.I’llneverforgetthedayswestayedtogether.
A.whenB.inwhichC.whichD.what
30.IssomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?
A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere
31.I’lltellyouhetoldmelastmonth.
A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all
32.Doyouknowthereasonshegotsoangryyesterday?
A.forwhyB.forthatC.whichD.why
33.Istillrememberthedayshefirstworethatpinkdress.
A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich
34.I’llshowyouastoreyoumaybuyallyouneed.
A.inwhich,/B.where,whichC.which,thatD.that,that
35.Winteristhetimeofyearthedaysareshortandnightsarelong.
A.whereB.whenC.thatD.onwhich
36.Thetrainshewastravellingwaslate.
A.whichB.onwhichC.forwhichD.onthat
37.ThesecondWorldWarmillionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.
A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich
38.Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
39.ThisisthebesthotelinthecityIknow.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
40.I’vereadallthebookswereborrowedfromthelibrary.
A.thatB./C.whichD.they
41.Thescientistandhisachievementsyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.
A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whose
42.Shehasn’tgotenoughmoneytobuytherings.
A.whichB.thatC.withwhichD.forwhich
43.Finallycamethedayhebadtobeginghisstudyforthenextterm.
A.whichB.sinceC.thatD.till
44.Wehopetogetsuchatoolheisusing.
A.whichB.asC.thatD.where
45.Isthereanythingtoyou.
A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.whichbelongsD.thatbelong
46.Youcantakeanyseatisfree.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.inwhich
47.Theoldwomanhastwosons,oneisateacher.
A.ofthemB.ofwhichC.ofwhomD.ofwho
48.Myhometownisnolongerthesameitusedtobe.
A.whichB.asC.thatD.like
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