国家开放大学电大《高级英语阅读1》《教育学》网络课形考网考作业合集答案Word格式.docx
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4.formaltalksbyprofessorsorinstructorsonsubjectsofstudy
5.coursesbyvideo,videoconferencing,orcomputerstostudentsindifferentplaces
6.thepointsorgradeastudentgetsonatest
答案:
II.ReadingComprehension(4points)
Readthepassages,thenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.(1pointeach)
ExperiencingCultureShock
AWhenElizaJamesarrivedattheUniversityofXian,shewasexcitedtoliveinanewcountry,toimproveherChinese,andtoexperienceaculturesodifferentfromherown.Butsoonherexcitementturnedtofrustrationassheencounteredoneroadblockafteranother."
IfeltlikeIcouldn'
taccomplishanything.Mydormroomhadnoheat,Icouldn'
tgetintotheclassesIwanted,andeverytimeIaskedsomeoneforhelptheygavemetherunaround.Ifeltlikenoonewaslisteningtome."
Elizametwithadministrators,sentlettersofcomplaint,andevencontactedtheconsulateinBeijing,butshegotnowhere.WhatElizadidn'
trealizewasthatherAmericanapproachtosolvingproblemswasverydifferentfromtheChineseoneinwhichpatienceandnegotiationskillsarekey.ShesoonlearnedhowtosolveproblemswithintheculturalnormsofChinesesocietyinsteadofforcingherownvaluesontothosearoundher."
IfinallyfeellikeIfitinandthatIknowwhatI'
mdoing.Infact,it'
sreallyfunbeinginaplacethat'
ssoincrediblydifferentfromwhatIamaccustomedto."
BYoshiYamamotoisajunioratasmallcollegeoutsideofBoston.Althoughheisanhonorsstudentnow,Yoshididn'
talwayshavesuchaneasytimestudyinginAmerica."
TeachingmethodsareverydifferentherethantheyareinJapan.Ittookmealongtimetogetusedtolearninginseminarsanddiscussingideaswithmyclassmates.AtfirstitseemedlikeIwasn'
tactuallylearninganything."
Yoshi'
sreactionwastototallywithdraw:
hedidn'
tparticipateinclassdiscussion;
hespentlotsoftimealoneinhisroom,andheevenskippedclassonoccasion."
IthoughtIcouldteachmyself.NowIrecognizethevalueoftheU.S.academicsystem,andIamabletoadaptittomyownlearningstyle."
CBothElizaandYoshiexperiencedwhatiscalledcultureshock:
psychologicaldisorientationduetolivinginanewculture.Formanyinternationalstudents,studyingabroadcanofferexposuretonewculturesandanopportunitytostudynewfieldsandlanguages.However,italsooffersthegreaterchallengeoftryingtofunctioninaforeignculture.Studyingandreadingaboutacertaincultureispoorpreparationfortherealityoflivinginit.Accordingtopsychologicalstudies,thefourstagesofcultureshockare1.euphoria,2.hostility,3.gradualadjustment,and4.adaptation.Cultureshockcanbemanifestedinmanyways:
homesickness,boredom,stereotypingoforhostilitytowardsthehostculture,overeatingoroverdrinking,withdrawal,andinabilitytoworkeffectively.
DDifferentpeopleexperiencedifferentlevelsofcultureshockandreactindifferentways.Forexample,ElizagotangrywhileYoshiwithdrewfromsociety.Themostimportantthingtorememberisthatcultureshockisnormal;
itisnotsomethingtobeashamedof.Luckily,therearesomethingsinternationalstudentscandotomaketheiradjustmenttoanewcountrygomoresmoothly.Forinstance,theycanstayintouchwithfamilyandfriendsfromhome,joininternationalstudentorganizations,meetpeoplefromtheirowncountries,andgetinvolvedincampusactivities.Mostimportantly,theycanadjusttolifeabroadbykeepingasenseofhumorandtryingtoremainpositive.
RecognizingParagraphTopics(choosetheparagraphletter)
题目2
7.anexplanationofcultureshock
选择一项:
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
题目3
8.waysthatstudentscanadjusttolivinginanewcountry
C.C
D.D
题目4
9.theexperienceofaninternationalstudentintheUnitedStates
B.B
题目5
10.theexperienceofaninternationalstudentinChina
A.A
Chapter2Exercise(分值7分)
I.VocabularySkills(2points)
Sometimesexamplescanexplainthemeaningofawordorphrase.Forexample,sun,rain,andwindareexamplesofkindsofweather.Lookatthecolumnsbelow.Matcheachvocabularywordorphraseinthefirstcolumnwiththeexamplesinthesecondcolumn.(0.4pointseach)
1.kindsofextremeweather
2.Earth’snaturalmaterialsandgases
3.diseasesorhealthdisorders
4.seasonsoftheyear
5.naturalareasorregionsoftheearth
II.ReadingComprehension(5points)
CompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestfromtheanswersA,BorC.(1pointeach)
SeasonalAffectiveDisorder:
MorethanJusttheBlues
AJoshuadreadsthewintermonths,notonlybecauseofthecoldNewEnglandweather--thesleet,snow,wind,andrain--butbecauseastheseasonschangefromsummertofalltowinter,thedaysgetshorter.Asthedaysgetshorter,hestartsfeelingdepressedandirritableandspendsmoreandmoretimeathome,eatingandsleeping.Agraduatestudentinphilosophy,Joshuafindsthathegetslittleworkdoneduringthewintermonthsandhastroublepayingattentioninclassandconcentratingonhisresearch."
IsoonrealizedthatwhatIthoughtwasjustthe'
winterblues'
wassomethingmoreextremethanthat."
JoshvisitedadoctorwhodiagnosedhimwithSAD.
BSeasonalAffectiveDisorder,orSAD,isakindofdepressionthatoccursseasonally.Itisassociatedwiththelonghoursofdarknessandlackofsunlightduringthewintermonths(peoplewithSADusuallyfeelworsefromDecemberthroughFebruary).Scientistsdon'
tcompletelyunderstandtheexactcausesofSAD,buttheybelieveitisrelatedtoabiochemicalimbalanceinthehypothalamus.Thehypothalamusisthebasicpartofthebrainthatcontrolsthebody'
sbreathing,heartbeat,metabolism,andhormonerelease.TheeffectsofSADincludemoodiness,irritability,lowenergy,increasedappetiteforcarbohydrates(foodssuchaspotatoes,rice,andbread),difficultyconcentrating,andthetendencytooversleep.
CAlthoughdoctorsdescribedSADforthefirsttimein1984,humanshaveprobablydealtwiththedisorderforthousandsofyears.Itisnotacoincidencethatmanycultureshaveimportantcelebrationsduringtheshortdaysofthewintermonths.Christmas,Hanukkah,andWinterSolsticecelebrationsalloccurinDecember.Thesecelebrationsinvolvelightingcandlesinordertobringlight,warmth,andhappinesstoanotherwisedepressingtimeofyear.
DSowhatcanSADsufferersdotofeelbetter?
Naturally,theyneedmorelight.ForpeoplewhohavemildcasesofSAD,exercisinginthemorningsuncouldbeenoughtohelpthem.Phototherapy,orlighttherapy,isusuallyprescribedforpeoplewhohavemoreseriouscasesofthedisorder.Inlighttherapy,patientssitinfrontofalightbox,astrongartificiallight,foruptofourhoursaday.Phototherapyiseffectiveinover80%ofSADcases,andpatientsusuallyseeresultswithinthreetofourdays.AlthoughthesymptomsofSADaresimilartothoseofclinicaldepression,traditionalantidepressantshavenotprovenusefulintreatingSAD.WhilepsychologicalcounselingcannottreatthesymptomsofSAD,itisrecommendedtohelpSADsuffererslearntoacceptanddealwiththeirillness.
6.Joshuastartsfeelingdepressedandirritableinthewinterbecause
A.hegetslittleworkdone
B.hesuffersfromSeasonalAffectiveDisorder
C.heisagraduatestudentinphilosophy
7.SeasonalAffectiveDisorder,orSAD,isaconditionthatresearchersbelieveaffectspeopleduringthewintermonths.Scientistsbelieveitiscausedby
A.breathing,heartbeat,metabolism,andhormonerelease
B.moodiness,irritability,lossofenergy,increasedappetite,difficultyconcentrating,andsleepiness
C.lackofsunlightandabiochemicalimbalanceinthebrain
8.HumanshaveprobablystruggledwithSADsince
A.ancienttimes
B.December
C.1984
9.PeoplewhosufferfromSADcantofeelbetter.
A.dolighttherapy
B.takeantidepressantdrugs
C.eatcarbohydrates
题目6
10.Thispassagetalksabout_____.
A.whattheSADeffectsare
B.BothAandB.
C.howtohelpSADsuffers
Chapter3Exercise(分值7分)
I.ReadingComprehension(5points)
Fastfoodcanbegoodfood
Manypeoplearetoobusytoprepareandeatthreenutritiousmealsaday.sotheyturntotheconvenienceoffast-foodrestaurants.Manyoftheitemsatfast-foodrestaurants,snackbars,andfoodstandsarefatteningandnotverynutritious.Butfastfooddoesn’thavetobeunhealthy.youcaneatatfast-foodrestaurantsandstilleatwell.
PayAttentiontoCaloriesandFatContent
Bypayingattentiontothenumberofcaloriesandfatthatafooditemhas,youcanmakesmarterchoices.Caloriesare“unitsformeasuringhowmuchenergyafoodwillproduce”.condsidertwofast-foodmeals.Aquarter-poundhamburgerwithcheese,jumbo-sizefries,anda16-ouncesodahaveatotalof1,535caloriesand76gramsoffat.abroiled(cookedunderdirectheatoroveraflame)chickensandwich,asidesaladwithlow-fatdressing,andaglassofwateratthesamefast-foodrestauranthaveonly422caloriesand7gramsoffat.butmaybeyoureallywantahamburgerandfries.well,youcanhaveasmallhamburger,asmallservingoffries,anda