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Ifyouwanttobuildupyourmuscles,thenstrengthexercises,whicharealsoknownas"
resistancetraining"
arerightforyou.Eventheslightestincreaseinstrengthcanmakeahugedifferenceinyourabilitytocarryoutdailytasks.Developingstrongmusclesalsoreducesyourriskofweakbones.
Flexibility
Flexibilityexerciseshelpstretchyourbody'
smuscles.Thisallowsformorefreedomofmovementforotherexercisesandcanalsoimproveyourrangeofmotion,posture,abilitytobreathedeeply,andbloodflow.Also,itreducesthemuscletensioncausedbystress.
Balance
Balanceexerciseshelppreventfallsandareespeciallyimportanttoolderadults,helpingthemstayindependent.Mostgoodbalanceexercisesareonesthatkeepyouconstantlymovingwithyourfeetontheground.Heel-to-toewalkingandstandingononefootaresimplewaystoimprovebalance.
21.Howcanapersonbenefitmostfromtheirexerciseroutine?
A.Bycombiningdifferentexercisetypestogether
B.Byhavingsufficientrestbetweentheirworkouts
C.Byconcentratingononetrainingaspectatatime.
D.Byincreasingthefrequencyoftheirtraininggradually.
22.Whichexercisetypesaremostusefultoimproveaperson'
sbreathingfunction?
A.StrengthandBalanceB.FlexibilityandBalance
C.EnduranceandStrengthD.EnduranceandFlexibility
23Whichpartofthebodyplaysthemostimportantroleinbalance-relatedexercises?
A.Arms.B.Legs.C.WaistD.Neck
B
ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglenses(放大镜)heusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.
Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,Whichhecalled"
animalcules"
"
.
Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes(微生物),Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.
Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplanttissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.
Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'
sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis"
theoryofdisease"
.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.
Pasteur’stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'
soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforesee
thislegacy.
Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway:
"
Mywork,whichI’vedoneforalongtime,wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy,butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge,whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen,
Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ihavethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformedthereof.”
24.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?
A.Atrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiology
B.Acuriousamateurwhomadepioneerstudiesofmicrobes
C.Atalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordisease
DAboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscovery
25.Theunderlinedphrase"
thislegacy"
inparagraph3refersto_______.
A.thediscoveryofmicrobesB.Pasteur'
stheoryofdisease
C.Leeuwenhoek'
scontributionD.theoriginofthetinyorganism
26.WhatdoesthequotefromLeeuwenhoek'
slettersuggest?
A.Headmittedthatmanyofhisdiscoverieshappenedbychance.
B.Heconsideredhisworktobecentraltolatermedicalbreakthroughs.
C.Hewasgreatlyconcernedwithimprovingpeople’slivingconditions.
D.Hebelievedthesharingofknowledgewasakeytoscientificprogress
27.Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingevents?
a.Magnifyinglenseswerebuilt.
b.The”theoryofdisease”wasputforward
cMicrobeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwaters.
d.Leeuwenhoek'
sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.
eLeeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.
A.a-d-c-e-bB.d-a-c-e-bC.a-c-d-b-eD.d-a-e-b-c
C
Around200B.C,Aristophanes,anancientGreeklibrarian,developedasystemofmarkstobreakuptexttomakeiteasiertoread.Beforethis,wordswereoftenwritteninonelongsentencewithoutspacesbetweenthewords.Todayinmanylanguages-includingEnglish-thereisasetofrulesonhowtousefullstops,commasandothertextmarks.
However,somebelievethisischanging.DrRobertFrost,whostudieslanguage,sayspeoplenolongerusefullstopsandotherpunctuation(标点)symbolsbecausetheyfeeltheirmessagesareclearenoughwithoutthem.So,ispunctuationhelpfulorjusttroublesome?
Yes-punctuationisimportant
Punctuationisneededinordertomakethemeaningofwrittenwordsclear.Ifaparentmessagedtosay,“It'
stimetoeat,children,thisisdifferentfrom,"
It'
stimetoeatchildren"
.Thesecondsentencewouldprobablymakeyouwanttorunintheoppositedirectionbecauseitsoundsasthoughchildrenwereonthemenu.
TheauthorJonathanPiercearguesthatpunctuationcanbeusedtoadddrama,tobreakupthesequenceofwordsandchangetherhythmofasentence."
Itallowswriterstomakesentencesmoreinterestingsothereadersdonotgetbored,Pierceclaims.
“Otherwise,thewordsrunintoeachotherandlosetheirimpact."
Besides,learningthedifferentwayspunctuationmarkscanbeusedisfun.Itcanaddalottothestyleofwritingandmakeitclearer.
No-wedon'
tneedit
Punctuation.Even,ifasentenceisbadlypunctuated.likethisone:
Itcanstillbe,understood.
Thisshortpieceoftextshowsthatitisthewordsthataretheimportantpartofthesentence,notthesymbolsbetweenthem.
Oxford-basedlinguistKellyJonessays,"
Itistheorderinwhichthewordsappearthatconveysthemeaning,notthepunctuationmarks.Ifthereisanydoubtinthemeaningofthesentence,peoplearecleverenoughtoworkoutwhatthepersonisreallytryingtosay.
Forinstance,whenpeoplespeak,theydonotusepunctuationandyetwecanstillunderstandeachother.”Also,punctuationcanbeconfusing-therearelotsofcomplexrulestoobserve,andifitisusedincorrectlyitcancausemoreproblemsthaniftherewerenone,Punctuationsimplyisn'
tneeded.628
28.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?
A.Todiscussalternativeviewpoints.
B.Tosupportoneargumentoveranother.
C.Toevaluatethestrengthofcompetingideas.
D.Tooutlinehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguage
29Whobelievespunctuationisnecessary?
A.RobertFrostandKellyJones
B.AristophanesandRobertFrost
C.JonathanPierceandKellyJones
D.AristophanesandJonathanPierce
30.Inparagraph3,theunderlinedpartisusedas.
A.adefinitionB.afactC.anexampleD.anerror
31.WhichofthefollowingcanbeastrongargumentagainstKellyJones'
sopinion?
APunctuationaddstotheeffectandrichnessofalanguage.
B.Withoutpunctuation,peoplewouldbebreathlesswhenspeaking.
CPausesandtonesinspeechservesimilarfunctionstopunctuation.
D.Thechoiceandorderofwordsareimportanttoconveyingmeaning.
D
Tomanypeople,honeybeessymbolizewealth,sustainabilityandenvironmentalism.Butasahoneybeeresearcher,Ihavetotellyouthatonlythefirstitemonthatlistisdefensible.Althoughtheyareimportantforagriculture,honeybees,whichareusuallyimportedfromoutsidethelocalarea,alsodisturbnaturalecosystemsbycompetingwithnativebees.
Forseveralyearsthemediahastoldusthatbeepopulationsareunderthreat.Inresponsetothismediacampaignto"
savethebees"
raisinghoneybeeshasbecomeapopularhobby.Butasaspecies,honeybeesareleastinneedofsaving.
Muchmediaattentionisgiventohoneybeesattheexpenseofnativebees,andthishasledmanycitizens—myselfonceincluded—tomistakenlybelievetheyaredoingagoodthingfortheenvironmentbyraisinghoneybees.Unfortunately,they
areprobablydoingmoreharmthangood.628
“Beekeepingisforpeople;
it'
snotaconservationpractice,"
saysShellySmith,anenvironmentalscienceprofessor.Peoplemistakenlythinkkeepinghoneybeesalsohelpsthenativebees,whichareatriskofextinction.That'
swrong.”
SmithandherresearchteamrecentlysurveyedonethousandlocalpeopleinCanadaandfoundthattheyhadasurprisinglypoorunderstandingofbeetypesandtheirrolesinpromotingflowergrowth.Mostpeople’sattentionisonsavinghoneybeeswhen,fromaconservationist'
spointofview,nativebeesaretheones