大学英语语法第六讲 副词Word格式.docx
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single→singlyidle→idly
able→ably
..但:
supple→supplely,sole→solely,pale→palely,vile→vilely,stale→stalely,whole→wholly
4)-ue结尾的词,去掉-e,再加-ly
true→trulydue→duly
5)-e结尾的词,直接加-ly
complete→completelywise→wisely
wide→widelylone→lonely
loose→looselydefinite→definitely
6)-ic结尾的词,加-ally
economic→economicallyhistoric→historically
新/世/纪/英/语/丛/书
268第六讲
副
词
tragic→tragicallyphonetic→phonetically
automatic→automaticallydemocratic→democratically
fantastic→fantasticallyenergetic→energetically
fanatic→fanatically
public→publicly,political→politically
7)-ly结尾的词,去掉-y,加-ily
melancholy→melancholilymanly→manlilychilly→chillily
8)-ll结尾的词,只加-y
full→fullydull→dully
9)其他词类+-ly构成的副词
first(序数词)→firstlyover(介词)→overly
most(不定代词)→mostlyaccording(现在分词)→accordingly
determined(过去分词)→determinedlymatter-of-fact(短语)→matter-of-factly
kind-hearted(形容词)→kind-heartedlyill-natured(形容词)→ill-naturedly
marked(过去分词)→markedlylingering(现在分词)→lingeringly
2.有些副词是由介词或地点名词加后缀-ward(s)构成的,意为“向..”
forward(s),backward(s),downward(s),northward(s),upward(s),stationward(s),
leftward(s),homeward(s),onward(s),inward(s)
3.有些副词是由名词加后缀-wise构成的,表示位置、方向、状态、有关等意义
sidewise,clockwise,crabwise,money-wise,saleswise,taxwise,lengthwise,educationwise,
weatherwise,corkscrew-wise
Note:
①有少数副词加后缀-ways,-long,-ling(s)构成。
例如:
sideways,lengthways,headlong,sideling(s)
②有些副词是加a-,here-,there-,where-构成的。
away,ashore,aside
herein(inthis),hereby,hereafter
therein(inthat),thereby,thereafter
wherein(inwhich或inwhat),whereby,whereon
4.某些以名词+-ly构成的词和其他结构的词,既可作副词,也可作形容词
下面名词+-ly构成的词既是副词又是形容词:
1)hourly
Theiraveragehourlyearningsare20yuan.他们每小时的收入是20元。
(形容词)
Theguardsshiftedhourly.卫兵每小时换一次岗。
(副词)
2)weekly
aweeklypaymentof100yuan每周100元的报酬(形容词)
Theymetweekly.他们每周碰一次面。
3)yearly
ayearlymeeting年会(形容词)
Theinterestisnormallypaidonceyearly.利息通常每年付一次。
4)leisurely
Heoftentakesaleisurelywalkinthegardenintheevening.晚间,他常常在庭院里轻松
地散散步。
Hewalkedleisurelyalongtheroad.他在路边悠闲地走着。
(副词)
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)
269二、构成
..其他如:
dailypaper日报
publishdaily每天出版
quarterlyreview季刊
meetquarterly每季开会一次
thenightlyskies夜空
appearnightly夜间出现
fortnightlypublication两周一次的刊物
performfortnightly每两周表演一次
monthlysalary月薪
comemonthly每月来一次
ghostlylaugh可怕的笑声
ghostlypale鬼一般地苍白
worldlyknowledge人情世故
worldlywise善于处世
jollylife舒心愉快的生活
jollygood非常好
cleanlyroom清洁的房间
cutcleanly干净利落地切
deadlypoison烈性毒药
deadlyserious极为认真
kindlyheart慈悲心肠
speakkindly亲切地说
livelygirl活泼的女孩
steplively轻快地走
manly,costly等名词+-ly构成的词只用作形容词,参阅第五讲。
另外,monthly(月
刊),daily(日报),weekly(周报),quarterly(季刊),bimonthly(双月刊)等还可作名词
用,如BeijingWeekly《北京周报》。
5.alike是形容词也是副词
英语中有些副词带有前缀a-,这类词有些同时也是形容词。
alone,adrift,astray迷路,aslant倾斜,afoot徒步,aboard在船上,abroad,askew歪
斜,ahead等。
Theythinkalike.他们有同样想法。
Theboyhasgoneastray.
Shewenttothestationafoot.
6.具有两种形式的同根副词
有些副词具有两种形式,一种与形容词同形,一种是形容词加后缀-ly构成的。
这两种形
式的副词有时含义相同或略有不同,有时则意义完全不同。
比较下面几组词。
1)hard和hardly
Itisraininghard.(猛烈地)
Heworksveryhard.(努力地)
Shelistenedhard.(仔细地)
Icanhardlyunderstandyou.(几乎不)
2)clean和cleanly
Icleanforgotaboutit.(完全地,彻底地)
Themangotcleanaway.那人逃得无影无踪。
Heiscleanoutoffood.他完全没有东西吃了。
Hepulledonecorkcleanly,buttheothercrumbled.(利索地,顺利地)
cleanly作“清楚地”解时,读作〔..klinli〕,也可用作形容词,作“爱清洁的”解,读作
〔..klenli〕,如acleanlycat。
3)late和lately
Verylateatnight,Igotaphonecall.(晚,迟)
Ihavelatelyreceivedanumberoflettersaboutthis.(最近)
4)most和mostly
270第六讲
Theheadisthemostsensitivepartofthebody.(最)
Thesnakehuntsmostlyatnight.(主要地)
Theguestsaremostlyfriendsofthebride.(大多数地)
5)close和closely
Hestoodclosetothewall.(靠近)
Hewasfollowingclosebehind.(近)
WatchwhatIdoclosely.(细心地)
Theprisonswerecloselyguarded.(严密地)
6)dead和deadly
deadsure(的确)
deadtired(极其)
deadahead(正好)
deaddrunk(完全地)
stopdead(突然地)
Hewasdeadlypale.(死一般地)
Sheisdeadlysleepy.(非常)
7)sharp和sharply
Wearrivedatthestationatteno..clocksharp.(准时)
looksharp注意
singsharp用升半音唱
Atthecrossroads,weturnedsharp(sharply)totheleft.(急剧地)(作“急剧地,突
然地”解时,用sharp和sharply均可)
8)slow和slowly
Theworkersdecidedtogoslow.(怠工)(slow通常与go,drive,walk等动词连用,置
于动词之后,其他动词多同slowly连用,slowly在句中的位置较灵活)
Speakslowly,please.(慢)
Sheawakenedslowly.
Sheslowlyawakened.
Slowlysheawakened.
..但在下面几句中,用slowly和slow均可:
Howslowly/slowtimepasses!
Goslow/slowly,we..recomingtoasharpturn.
You..dbettergoslow/slowlyinreachingadecision.
9)right和rightly
Allwentright.(好)
Hewentrightaway.(立即)
Gorighthomeatonce!
(直接)
Ihaven..treadthebookrightthrough.(完全地)
Thebookisrightinfrontofher.(恰好)
Irightlyguessedthathewasn..tcoming.(正确地)
Herightlyguessedit.(正确地)
(注意,rightly通常放在动词前,但也可以说:
Heguessedrightly(或right).)
10)firm和firmly
271二、构成
Alwaysholdfirmtoyourbeliefs.
Standfirm.
但:
Hefirmlybelievesthat.(坚定地)
Fixthenailfirmlyinthewall.(牢固地)
11)fair和fairly
Wemustplayfair.(公正地)
Shehithimfaironthenose.(恰好)
They..vedealtfairandsquarewithhim.(公平地)
Shetoldthefactsfairly.(不感情用事或不带偏见地)
Hewasfairlybesidehimselfwithjoy.(相当地,非常)
fairlywell(非常好)
fairlygood
12)easy和easily
Takeiteasy.(withsth.oronsb.省着用,慢慢来)
Goeasy.(别急)
Easysaid,easygo.轻诺者往往失信。
getoffeasy没受多大惩罚
Standeasy!
休息!
Easiersaidthandone.做比说难。
Icaneasilyfinishittoday.(容易地)
Heiseasilysatisfied.(容易地)
Itiseasilythebesthotel.(无疑)
13)wide和widely
Hestandswithlegswideapart.(宽阔地,张得很开)
Hermouthiswideopen.(完全地)
Theballwentwide(faraway)fromtherightpoint.(偏斜地)
Canningisthemostwidelyusedmethodoffoodpreservation.(广泛地)
Theydifferedwidelyinopinion.(很大地,在很多地方)
Heiswidelyknown.(到处)
14)sure和surely
“CanIsithere?
”“Sure.”(当然可以)
Itsurewasamystery.(的确)
Hewillsurelysucceed.(一定)
Youdon..twanttohurthisfeelingssurely.(当然)
15)loud和loudly
Don..tspeaksoloud.(loud指音量的大小,常同talk,speak,sing,laugh等连用)
Heissnoringloudly.
Tellthechildrennottospeaksoloudly.(loudly指发音时用力的强度,具有“大叫,
呼号”等含义,有时相当于noisily,常指“令人不快的噪音”)
Sheisloudlydressed.(花哨地)
Pleasereadoutloud(aloud).(“朗读”不可用loudly)
272第六讲
..但下面两句均正确:
Hespokeloudandclear.(口语)
Hespokeloudlyandclearly.(书面语)
16)deep和deeply
(1)表示静止状态的具体深度一般用deep,修饰形容词或动词表示抽象深度则用deeply。
Shestoodthere,herfeetdeepinthegrass.
Ienjoyitdeeply.
Shewasdeeplygratefultoyouforyourhelp.
(2)在workdeepintothenight,godeepintothematter(深入探讨),drinkdeep(痛饮),
deep-rootedeyes(深陷的眼睛)等词组中,不用deeply。
..有时两者可以换用。
Sheisdeepinlove.
Sheisdeeplyinlove.
digdeep
digdeeply
17)near和nearly
Theholidayisdrawingnear.(接近,指时间和空间)
Hewasnearlyrunoverbyacar.(几乎,差不多)
18)round和roundly
Turnyourchairroundandfaceme.(转过来)
Hewasroundlycriticizedbytheteacher.(狠狠地)
..下面两组句子都是正确的,第一句用于口语,第二句用于书面:
Shewassleepingsound.
Shewassleepingsoundly.
Helayquietuntilthedangerwasover.
Helayquietlyuntilthedangerwasover.
①在句首或动词前面时,应用带-ly的副词。
Slowlyshewalkedtowardsthegraveyard.(不用slow)
②与形容词同形的单个副词不可在强调句中作被强调部分。
Itwasclearthatshespoke.(误)
Itwasclearlythatshespoke.(正)
Itwasloudandclearthatshespoke.(正)
③greatly通常被用来修饰动词,除有时修饰形容词比较级或类似的词如superior,
inferior等外,一般不修饰形容词。
Thebookisgreatlyinteresting.(误)
Thebookisvery(fairly)interesting.(正)
Thiscar,manufacturedatapricegreatlyhigherthanthatcar,isgreatlysuperior
inmanyrespects.(正)
Igreatlyappreciateyoursuggestions.
Shewasgreatlyfrightenedofhim.
④有些这类副词,修饰动词有时不需加-ly,但在修饰形容词、介词、现在分词或过去
分词时,却要加-ly,常见的有high(ly),direct(ly),wide(ly),tight(ly)。
当然,这
些副词另外还各自有其特定的用法,参阅本章其他部分。
比较:
Hewillcommunicatewithyoudirect.
Hewasdirectlyaffectedbythedisaster.(不用direct)
273二、构成
19)free和freely
Thedogranfreeonthefarm.(无约束地)
Thehorsebrokefree.(松开着)
Headmittedthemistakefreely.(直率地)
Theywalkedfreelyinthepark.(自由地)
Thebooksaregivenawayfree.(免费)
Thebooksaregivenawayfreely.(大量地、慷慨地)
20)large和largely
writelarge(很大地)
saillarge(顺风地)
Itisstupidt