高中英语阅读理解之说明文练习题Word下载.docx
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AmirhosseinMostajabiisaPhDstudentattheinstitutewholedthedevelopmentofthemethod.Hesaid,“currentsystemsforgatheringsuchdataareslowandcomplexandrequirecostlycollectionequipmentlikeradarorsatellites.”
“Ourmethodusesdatathatcanbeobtainedfromanyweatherstation,”Mostajabisaid.“Thiswillimprovedatacollectioninveryremoteareasnotcoveredbyradarandsatelliteorinplaceswherecommunicationsystemshavebeencut,”beadded.
TheresearchersplantokeepdevelopingthetechnologyinpartnershipwithaEuropeaneffortthataimstocreatealightningprotectionsystem.TheeffortiscalledtheEuropeanLaserLightningRodproject.
8．Whyhaveclimatescientiststriedtopredictandcontrollighting?
A．Tocollectrelativedata.
B．Toreducethedestructionlightninghasbeencausing.
C．Tocreateascientificsystem.
D．Todoresearchinrelationtomachinelearning.
9．ThefourmentionedsurfaceconditionsincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________.
A．airpollutionB．windspeed
C．relativehumidityD．airtemperature
10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph5referto?
A．lighting.B．thesystembeingtested.
C．theatmosphericdata.D．themachinelearningalgorithm.
11．WhatcanwelearnaboutMostajabifromthepassage?
A．Hedevelopedthemethodandthesystemhimself.
B．Hethinksthecurrentsystemsaretooslowandsimple.
C．HeisaprofessorattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology.
D．Hebelievestheirsystemdoesmuchbetterindatacollection.
2.（2020届辽宁省大连市第二十四中学高三模拟）
SHORTLISTOFLONDON'
SBEST
Ifyouhavelimitedvisitingtimewerecommendyoufollowthislist.
1）HousesofParliament.TheguidedtoursoftheHousesofParliamentareexcellent,inanylanguageyouwant,andgetyoutoplacesthatevennormalBritscan'
t.However,whenParliamentissitting,theyarenotrunning,butyoucanstillgetin.
2）HamptonCourt.WeratethisasoneofthebestattractionsinEurope.AwholesuccessionofkingsandqueenshaveaddedtoHenryVIII’soriginalpalace.Therelieafantasticpark（byCapabilityBrown）andgardens（includingthefamousmaze）,andTudorkitchensandoneofthelastremainingRealTenniscourts.Lotsoffree（onceyou'
vepaidtheadmission）guidedtours,someincostume,bypeoplewhoknowandlovetheplace.It'
salsosurroundedbyaseriesofparksandmakesagreatdestinationforabiketrip-trainout（30minutesfromWaterloo）,bikeback（12miles）alongtheriver.WepreferittotheTowerofLondon-you'
llprobablywanttovisitboth,itknocksthespotsoffBuckinghamPalace.
3）TheRiver.WalkalongtheSouthBankfromTowerBridgetoLambeth.ThebestofLondonisspreadoutforyou:
TheTowerofLondon&
TowerBridge,TheHousesofParliament,LambethPalace（residenceoftheArchbishopofCanterbury）,Shakespeare'
sGlobetheatre,BothTateGalleries,StPaul'
sCathedral,TheSouthBankCentre,TheTemple,TheLondonEye,WestminsterAbbey,SomersetHouse.（A2hourwalkifyoudon'
tstopforlong）.OryoucantakeaboatouttoGreenwich,theThamesBarrierortheDome.
4）WestminsterAbbey.WheretheycrownKings.Anunreasonableadmissioncharge（shouldreallybefreeorvoluntarydonation）,butamasterpieceanyway.Ifyougetboredofwaitinginthequeue,orpackeddownbythecrowds,hurryyourselfofftotheCitywherethere'
smoresquarespaceofhistoricchurch,andempty.
5）TheTheatre.It'
dbeacrimetovisitLondonandnottakeinashow.Londonershavebeenpassionateabouttheatreforcenturies.Notonlyisthequalityhigh,butthepriceislow—onethirdthepriceofBroadway.
1．WhichtourwillaforeignstudentstudyingthehistoryofBritishRoyalFamilymostprobablyprefer？
A．thetourtoWestminsterAbbeyB．thetourtoTowerBridge
C．thetourtoSomersetHouseD．thetourtoHamptonCourt
2．Whattimedoestheunderlinedstatement“whenParliamentissitting”inparagraph2referto?
A．whentheParliamentisnotofficiallyinsession.
B．whenthemembersofParliamentaredebatingoverahotissue.
C．whentheParliamentisstayingidleforrepairs.
D．whenthemembersofParliamentaretakingabreakaftersomeexercise
3．WhyareLondonersfondoftheatre?
A．Theyenjoythecriminaldramaplots.
B．Theyenjoytheinexpensiveadmission.
C．TheyenjoytheClassicalMusicandOpera.
D．TheyenjoythesceneofShakespeare’sGlobetheatre.
3.（2020届辽宁省大连市第二十四中学高三模拟）
Bynowyou’veprobablyheardaboutthe“you’renotspecial”speech,whenEnglishteacherDavidMcCulloughtoldgraduatingseniorsatWellesleyHighSchool:
“Donotgettheideayou'
reanythingspecial,becauseyou'
renot.”Mothersandfatherspresentattheceremony-andawholelotofotherparentsacrosstheinternet-tookissuewithhisego-puncturingwords.Butlostintheangerandprotestwassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:
ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'
reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilit
ies,acrucialrequirementforgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it'
snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:
wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.
Suchinflated（膨胀的）self-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudy,andit'
softenexactlywhenwe'
releastcompetentatagiventaskthatwerateourperformancemostgenerously.Ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicalstudentswhoscoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostcharitableintheirself-evaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestrictly.Poorstudents,theauthorsnote,"
lackinsight"
intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?
Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsychologistDavidDunning,offersanenlighteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithco-authorJustinKruger,sufferfroma“dualburden”:
they'
renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirineptness（笨拙）preventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.
InDunningandKruger'
sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomoftheheapontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor"
extremelyoverestimated"
theirtalents.Althoughtheirtestscoresputtheminthe12thpercentile,theyguessedtheywereinthe62nd.Whattheseindividualslacked（inadditiontoclearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor）was"
metacognitiveskill"
（元认知技巧）:
thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey'
reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.There'
saparadox（悖论）here,theauthorsnote:
“Theskillsthatdevelopcompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysameskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatdomain.”Inotherwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe’redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.
Thereareacoupleofwaysoutofthisdoublebind（两难）.First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon'
tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.Second,seekoutfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'
redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'
redoingwrong.AsDunningandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:
anynumberofthingscouldhavegonewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.
Ifweadoptthesestrategies-andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren-theywon'
tneedparents,oracommencement（毕业典礼）speaker,totellthemthatthey'
respecial.They'
llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.
8．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tookissuewith”inparagraph1mostprobablymean?
A．totallyapprovedofB．disagreedwith
C．fullyunderstoodD．helddiscussionabout
9．Whatistheproblemthatshouldn'
tbeoverlookedintheauthor’sopinion?
A．wedon’tknowwhetherouryoungpeoplearetalentedornot
B．youngpeoplecan'
treasonablydefinethemselves
C．norequirementissetupforyoungpeopletogetbetter
D．wealwaystendtoconsiderourselvestobeprivileged
10．WhichisNOTmentionedab
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