Public Art and Planning文档格式.docx

Public Art and Planning文档格式.docx

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∙AsignificantamountofpublicartinEnglandiscommissionedviatheplanningsystem.

Introduction

Atatimewhenstandardisedapproachestodesignanddevelopmenthavebeenwidespread,itisacknowledgedthatpublicarthasasignificantrolewhencreatingsuccessfulplacesandhelpingtoestablishsuccessfulandvibrantcommunities.Theplanningsystemiscentraltothecontrolofdevelopment,andisincreasinglyconcernedwiththequalityandlonger-termsustainabilityofnewdevelopment.Designhasbecomeamaterialconsideration,notonlyinvisuallysensitiveareas,andplanningauthoritiesareencouragedwithinnationalplanningpolicystatementstoreject‘designwhichfailstotaketheopportunitiesavailableforimprovingthecharacterandqualityofanarea’.

FollowthislinktothePublicArtOnlineNationalPlanningPoliciessection.

DesigningforplaceisakeyobjectiveofadvisorybodiessuchastheCommissionforArchitectureandtheBuiltEnvironment（CABE）,andartistshavearoletoplayinrespondingtoaspecificsiteandaddingidentity,distinctiveness,interpretationandrelevance.

Publicartencouragespartnershipbetweenartists,craftspeople,designprofessionals,developersandlocalcommunities.Itcanhelpstimulatethelocaleconomy,creatingemploymentopportunitiesforartists,craftspeople,manufacturersandsuppliers.Insomecasespublicartcanattractadditionalfundingtoascheme,fromgrantgivingbodiesandsponsorship.

Thisguidepromotesarangeofplanningledapproachesforsecuringtheintegrationofpublicart,bothwithinkeydevelopmentschemesandthroughthedeliveryofpublicrealmimprovements.Inaddition,itconsidersthemechanismsandbenefitsofdevelopingstrongpublicartstrategiesforincorporationintolocalauthoritypolicyframeworks.

Writtenfromtheplanningperspectivetheseguidelinesareinthefirstinstanceaimedatplanningofficersandpolicymakerswishingtodevelopbestpracticepublicartaspartofabroaderdesignagenda.Inaddition,itishopedthattheissuescoveredwillofferartists,developersandagentsaninsightintotheprovisionofpublicartthoughtheplanningsystem.

"

Publicartisnotanartform.Itisaprinciplewherebytheinvolvementandactivitiesofartistscontributetotheidentity,understanding,appreciation,andenhancementofpublicplaces.

Thisisbestachievedthroughcollaborationwithartistsintheconception,designdevelopmentandimplementationofchangestothebuiltandmanagedenvironment."

MaggieBolt,PASW

In2009IXIAthepublicartthinktankrequestedlegalopinionregardingpublicartandtheplanningsystem,thefindingsofwhichverymuchechotherecommendationssetoutwithinthispaper.

Theopinionreinforcestheassertionthatpublicartisamaterialconsiderationwithintheplanningsystem,howeverinorderrequirepublicartthoughthedevelopmentprocessthatclearlocalplanningpoliciesneedtobeestablishedwithinLocaldevelopmentframeworks.Furthermoretheopinionraisessomeconcernsregardingthegenericapproachofblanketpercentforartandtariffs,asitishardertodemonstratethespecific,andreasonablerelationshiptospecificsitesandtypesofdevelopment.

Assuchtheapproachesoutlinedbelowofidentifyingandprioritisingmajordevelopmentsiteswheretheroleandbenefitsofintegratingapublicartapproachcanbesetout,andwherepublicartinthepublicrealmisconsideredandcostedasabasisforseekingoff-sitecontributions,providethemosteffectivewaysofsecuringpublicartthroughtheplanningsystem.

PublicArtStrategies

Themostsuccessfulstrategiesallowforbeingopportunistic,aswellasplanningaheadtodeliverwellconsideredpriorities. 

Theywillincludeafocusonkeydevelopmentsitesaspartofmorestrategicguidancerelatedtothedeliveryofbothstandalonepublicartinitiativesandintegratedworkwithinpublicinfrastructuresuchasschools,hospitalsandtransportationsystems.

Localauthoritiesshouldbeclearregardingaspirationsandlocationswherehighqualitydesignisrequiredandhowpublicartisexpectedtocontributetothebuiltenvironment. 

Localplanningpoliciesshouldprovidecertaintywithregardtowhatisexpectedfromdevelopers,andplanningguidanceshouldestablishcriteriaagainstwhichmajornewdevelopmentsarejudgedorappraisedwithregardtotheintegrationofpublicart.

Atthestrategiclevelitisimportantforauthoritiestosetouttheirspecificapproachtopublicart,highlightinghowtheywillintegrateworkwithintheirowncapitalprojectsaswellastheirexpectationsforothersthroughtheplanningsystem.Theimportanceofleadingbyexampleshouldnotbeunderestimatedincreatingapositivecontextwherelocalcommunitiesvaluethebenefitsofpublicart.

Principlesandobjectivesforpublicartshouldbegivenlocalemphasisandmaderelevanttolocalcircumstancesandexpectations.Localtraditionsandrecentworkshouldbehighlightedinordertolegitimisethewayinwhichexistingpublicartcontributestothedistinctivenessandidentityoflocalareas.

Astrategyshouldestablishconsistentguidelinesforselecting,recruitingandbriefingartists,andensuretheeffectiveandappropriateprojectmanagementsupport,maintenanceandwhereappropriatedecommissioning.

Followthislinkforexamplesofpublicartstrategiesthathavebeenadoptedbylocalauthorities.

Banksy,ParkStreet,Bristol.Photo:

MarkLuck

Streetartorvandalism?

Publicartstrategiescanraisepublicdebateaboutthebenefitsofartinthebuiltenvironment.

LocalDevelopmentFrameworks

Inplanningtermspoliciescarrymoreweightiftheauthorityformallyadoptsthem.Localplanningpoliciesaresetoutwithinaportfolioofdocuments,whichtogetherformtheLocalDevelopmentFramework（LDF）;

thisreplacestheall-encompassingandslowtoproduceLocalPlans.Thesystemisintendedtoproducebetterpoliciesfordevelopmentthataremoreproactiveandresponsivetolocalneedsandcircumstances.ResponsibilityforproducingLDFsisgiventoUnitaryAuthorities,BoroughandDistrictCouncils.

TheLDFcontainsanumberoftypesofdocumentswhichsetoutdevelopmentpoliciesandproposals,andwhichprovidebothdetailedandsupplementaryguidance.Thesedocumentsarerequiredtobeconsistentandcomplementarytonationalandregionalplanningpolicies,andinparticularthelocationandquantityofnewdevelopmentestablishedthroughtheRegionalSpatialStrategy（RSS）.Thereare,however,opportunitiestodevelopafinerlevelofdetailthatrespondsdirectlytolocalissuesandcovermorespecificaspectsofthedesignagenda.

ArangeofpublicartissuescanbecoveredwithinLDFs,fromprinciplestosupportcreativedesignapproachestomoredetailedsitebriefsandguidance.EachindividualdocumentisapprovedbytheSecretaryofStatefollowingaprescribedprocessofcommunityconsultation.Themaindocumentsinclude:

∙TheCoreStrategyisthekeydocument,whichsetsoutthebroadobjectivesforthearea.TypicallyaCoreStrategywilldefinethemainareasofdevelopmentpriority,ananalysisoftheareasmaincharacteristicsandstrategicpoliciescoveringinfrastructurerequirements,theuseoflandandstandardsofdesignquality.WithregardtopublicartitisusefulforCoreStrategiestoincludeacommitmenttoachievingpublicarttosupportbothaestheticandculturalstandardswithinthelocalarea.

∙AreaActionPlans（AAP）provideadetailedframeworkforareaswheresignificantchangeorconservationisneededandfocusonthedeliveryofdevelopmentobjectives.Themainpurposeistoensurethatdevelopmentisofanappropriatescale,mixandquality.Herespecificsitesforlandmarkbuildingsorpublicrealmimprovementscanbehighlightedingreaterdetailalongwithaspirationsfortheintegrationofpublicart.

∙GenericDevelopmentControlPoliciesaresetouttoprovideanadditionalandlimitedsetofpoliciestoguidedecisionsonplanningapplications.Thesecanincludedetailedrequirementsforpublicartprovision,suchasthescaleofdevelopmentwhereplanningobligationsrequiringpublicartwillbeexpected.

SupplementaryPlanningDocuments（SPD）donotcarrythelegalweightofDevelopmentPlanDocumentsbutareproducedtoelaborateonspecificpoliciesandproposals,andaretakenintoaccountwhenassessingplanningapplications.SPDarenotsubjecttoSecretaryofStateapprovalbutaresubjecttocommunityconsultation.ExamplesofSPDwouldincludeindividualsitebriefsortopic-basedguidanceonissuessuchasaffordablehousing,orpublicart.

AnotherformofSPDmightbetheincreasinglycommondrawingupofdesigncodesforanareaorlargerdevelopmentscheme.Thereissomedebateastothedrawingupofcodesandwhethertheysitcomfortablywiththeconceptofartistsdeliveringinterpretivework,withinwhataresometimesregardedasstrictdesignrulesandconstraints.InsuchcircumstancesitisusefultolookattheexperienceandconclusionsfromtheUSwheredesigncodesaremoreestablishedasaplanningtool.RespondingtothesuccessofcodesinGaithersburg,Maryland,commentatorMikeWatkinsconcludes:

“Codeonlywhatmattersthenhiregoodarchitects.Surprisinglylittleisessentialtocodemostgreatplaces.Asthelistofrulesgrowsinanefforttooutlawkitsch,