托业听力提高方法Word格式.docx

托业听力提高方法Word格式.docx

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tknow.

4.Learnhomophones.Sometimesaquestionwilltrytofoolyoubyusingawordwiththesamepronunciationbutadifferentmeaninginthatsentencetothethingyoucanseeinthepicture.Bylearningwordsthatsoundthesamebuthavedifferentspellingsyoucanmakesureyourecognizeeachwordinitscontextinthesentence.Learningwordsthiswaycanalsohelpyougetthepronunciationexactlyright.

5.Practiceminimalpairs.Asimilartrickistohaveawrongsentencethathasawordinitthathasasimilarbutdifferentpronunciationtosomethinginthepicture,e.g."

first"

and"

fast"

.Practisingthepronunciationofthesepairsofsimilarwordswillalsohelpwithyourgenerallisteningcomprehensionandspeaking.

6.Countthesyllables.Aslearningthesoundsofalanguagecantakealongtimeandbedifficultwithoutateacherand/orspecialsoftware,agoodwaytostartimprovingyourpronunciationandsolisteningcomprehensionistocounthowmanysyllables（beats）thereareineverywordyoulearn.Youcanthencheckinyourdictionaryandtrysayingthewordwiththatmanybeats.Youcanmarkthenumberofsyllablesoneachwordbydrawingalittlecircleabovethevowelofeachone.

7.Learnwordstress.Thenextstageistolearnwhichofthesesyllablesispronouncedlongerandlouderthantheothers.Again,youcantryandguessthisfromreadingorlisteningtothewordandthencheckitinyourdictionary.Youcanwritethisdownbymakingthecircleabovethestressedsyllablebiggerthantheothers,orjustunderliningthestressedsyllable.Ifyouwritewordswiththesamenumberofsyllablesandthesamestressedsyllabledowninalist,thiscanhelpyoupracticeandlearnthem.

8.Learnthephonemicscript.ThefinalstageinlearningthepronunciationofEnglishwordsandthereforemakingsureyouunderstandthemwhenyouhearthemiswritingthepronunciationofthewholeworddown.Theonlywayofdoingthisaccuratelyistousethespecial"

phonemicscript"

symbols（ifyouusethespellingofyourownlanguagetodoityouwillnotbeabletowritedownthedifferencebetweenminimalpairs）.Asthiscantakesometimetolearn,youcanstartbyjusttryingtowritetheonedifficultsoundofeachworddownandthencheckifyouhaveusedthecorrectsymbolwithyourdictionary.

9.Practiceshortforms.Asallthevoicesinthetextareusingnaturalspeedandrhythm,youwillveryrarelyhearfullformslike"

Iam"

or"

Iwouldhavedone"

butrathershortformslike"

I'

m"

Iwould'

vedone"

.Usingthesewhenyouarespeakingcanimproveyourfluencyandstopitseeminglikeyouareoverstressingwhatyouaresaying,butmoreimportantlywillmakesureyoucanunderstandthoseformswhenyouhearanativespeakerusingthem.

10.Learnconnectedspeech/howwordsconnecttogether.Nowyouhavelearnttheshortformsofgrammaticalverbs,inordertounderstandfast,naturalspeechyouwillneedtolookathowotherwordsarechangedwhentheyarespokennexttootherwords.Theeasiestonetounderstandishowaconsonant（b,c,d,fetc.）attheendofonewordjoinswithavowel（a,e,i,oetc.）atthebeginningofanother,e.g.thewords"

betweenus"

whenspokenatnaturalspeedcansoundlike"

betweenus"

.YoucanpracticethisandseehowitaffectsaTOEICexamlisteningbymarkingtheplacesonthetapescriptwhereyouthinkthishappenswithaloopbetweenthewordsandthenlistenandreadtocheck.

11.Learnandpracticesentencestress.Thenextstageistolookathowthewholesentencesoundstogether.Oneoftheeasiestwaysofdoingthat,whichisalsooneofthebestwaysofpractisingit,istomarkonasentencewhichwordsarepronouncedtheloudestandlongestandtopracticesayingthesentenceswiththatnaturalrhythm.

12.Learnweakformsofwords.Nowyouknowwhichwordsarepronouncedloudlyandclearly,tryandlistentohowthesmallergrammarwordsbetweenthemarepronouncedinfastnaturalspeech.Forexample,when"

at"

isnotstressedinasentence（whichismostofthetime,asitisagrammarwordthatdoesn'

toftengiveyoumuchinformation）,itsoundsmorelike"

ert"

.Weakformslikethisareusuallygiveninyourdictionary,somakesureyoulookatallthepronunciationinformationwhenyoulearnanewword.

13.Recordyourownvoice.NowyouunderstandhowandwhysentencessounddifferenttoindividualwordsinEnglishandsoaremoredifficulttounderstand,bypractisingproducingsentenceslikeanativespeakerwouldsaythemyoucanmakesurethatyourecognisethewordsyouknowwhenyouheartheminthetest.Ifyoudon'

twanttobuyadigitalvoicerecorder,youmightfindthatyoucanuseamobilephone,MP3player（e.g.iPod）,cassetterecorderorcomputerandmicrophonerecordyourselfandlistenbackon.Obviously,thebestsentencestopracticewitharerealexamsentences.

14.BuyapronunciationpracticeCDROM.SomelanguagelearningCDROMscomewithheadphonesandamicrophoneandclaimtobeabletoanalyseyourvoiceandtellyouhowwellyouarepronouncinginEnglish.Althoughthescoressuchprogrammesgiveyouareactuallyveryunreliable,theprocessofsayingthesamewordorexpressionoverandoveragaintotryandmatchingthewavepatternonthescreenisgoodpronunciationpractice.

15.Listenandreadandrepeat.Aswellasreadingsentencesfromthetapescriptwiththerhythmandpronunciationyouhavewrittenonit,youcantryrepeatingthesentenceandrecordingyourvoicejustafterhearingtheexamversion.Ifthethingyouareplayingtherecordingonandthethingyouarerecordingyourvoiceonaredifferent（e.g.aCDplayeranddigitalvoicerecorder）,youshouldbeabletorecordtheexamversionandyourvoiceoneaftertheotherandtryandlistenfordifferenceswhenyouplayitback.

16.Shadowreading.Avariationontheactivityabovethatisreallygoodforspeakingandunderstandingatnaturalspeedandwithnaturalrhythmisactuallytryingtospeakatthesametimeasthetape,sayingeachstressedsyllableatexactlythesametimeasthevoiceonthetape.Beforeyoustartspeaking,youwillneedtolistenafewtimesandtryandrememberwherethestressedsyllablesareorwritethemontothetapescript.

17.Listenandrepeat.Astepupindifficultyistolistenoverandovertoonesentenceandtrytorepeatthewholethingwithoutlookingatthetapescript.Whenyourideaofwhatthewholesentenceisisn'

tchanging,youcancheckwiththetapescriptandthenlistenafewmoretimeswithyourbookclosed.

18.Listenandwriteandrepeat.Thisissimilartotheactivityabovebutpossiblyalittleeasierasyoutrytowritethewholesentencedownasyoulistentoitafewtimes,likeadictation.Whenyouhavecheckedyouranswers,youcanthendosomespeakingpracticewithit.

19.Buildupthecorrectlypronouncedsentencefromtheend.Althoughitmayseemstrange,ratherthanstartingatthebeginningwhenyoutrytopronounceasentencewithnaturalsounds,rhythmandspeed,itisactuallyeasierifyoustartfromtheend.Forexample,forthesentence"

Themanissteppingontothebus"

itiseasiesttopronounceitbysaying"

bus"

andthen"

thebus"

ontothebus"

untilyouhavebuiltupthewholesentence.

20.MakesentencesabouteverythingyouaredoinginEnglishthroughoutyourday.AsmostsentencesinTOEICListeningPartOnearedescriptionsofthingspeoplearedoing,bytryingtomakeEnglishsentencesinyourheaddescribingwhatyouaredoing（"

Iamsittingonabus"

"

Iamopeningupmylaptop"

）andwhatpeoplearoundyouaredoing（"

Themanwearingahatiscarryingapackage"

）,youcanpracticethislanguageanytimeyouareoutandaboutinthestreet.Ifyouareinacafé

orsittingonabus,youcanalsowritethosesentencesdown.

21.Labelthepicture.Apartfrombeingcaughtoutbythepronunciation,thebiggestproblemstudentshavewiththeTOEICListeningexamiswithwordstheydon'

tknow.YoucanreducethisproblembylookingatthephotosinaTOEICListeningpracticeexamandlabellingallthethingsyoucanseeinthepicture（e.g.lift,button,liftdoor,briefcase）.Aftertryingonyour