初一英语名词讲解及练习完整资料docWord文件下载.docx
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people,family,class,furniture
复数形式的构成有两种:
规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。
规则名词复数形式的构成
词形
复数形式的构成方法
例词
大多数名词
在词尾加-s。
(在清辅音后读[s],在浊辅音及元音后读[z]。
)
cat——cats
book---books
dog----dogs
bag——bags
boy---boys
以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词
在词尾加-es,读作[iz]。
glass——glasses
match——matches
以辅音字母+y结尾的名词
把y变成i,加-es,读作[iz]
city——cities
但专有名词例外,直接在y后加-s,读作[z]
Canadian——Canadians
American——Americans
以辅音字母+o结尾的名词
一般直接加-es,读作[z];
tomato——tomatoes
potato——potatoes
某些词例外,加-s
kilo--kilos,piano—pianos,photo——photos
以元音字母+o结尾的名词
直接加-s,但读作[z]
zoo——zoos
radio——radios
以f或fe结尾的名词
有的直接加-s,读作[z]
roof——roofs
大多数要将f或fe变为v,再加-es,读作[z]
leaf——leaves
wife——wives
knife—knives
yourself---yourselves
不规则名词复数形式的构成
复数形式的构成特点
通过改变词内元音字母
man——menfoot——feet
tooth——teethmouse——mice(老鼠)
通过在词尾加-en或-ren
ox——oxen(牛)child——children
单复数形式相同
asheep——twosheep
adeer——twodeer(鹿)
aChinese——twoChinese(中国人)
注意事项:
只能用于复数形式的名词有:
clothes,trousers,pants,shoes,socks
单数名词用于复数含义:
people,public,police
特殊名词的讲解:
⑴people作“人们,人民”解时,只有复数形式,谓语动词作复数。
作“民族”解时,单复数不同,复数要在词尾加s。
Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.我家有五口人。
Therearefifty-sixpeoplesinourcountry.
我们国家有56个民族。
⑵clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词,谓语作复数。
例:
Myfavoriteclothesarepants.
⑶pants,shoes,glasses,shorts,scissors等名词,由两部分构成,常以复数形式出现,谓语动词要用复数。
要表示单数常用apairof表示,此时如作主语,谓语要作单数看待。
Yourpantsareblue.Thispairofpantsismine.
⑷集体名词看作整体时,谓语用单数;
指成员时,谓语用复数。
Hisfamilyisalargefamily.指整体Hisfamilylikeanimals.指成员
⑸有的名词单复数意思不同:
hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。
Myhairisblack.我的头发是黑色的。
Ilikefruit.It’sgoodforyou.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。
但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果,则需用复数形式.
HomerSimpsonhasthreehairs.辛普森有三根头发。
Shelikespears,peachesandotherfruits.他喜欢梨,桃和其它水果。
(2)不可数名词:
包括物质名词和抽象名词
△物质名词:
表示无法分为个体的名词。
coffee,hair,juice,water,rice
△抽象名词:
表示状态,品质,动作,感情等抽象概念的名词。
health,happiness,help
普通名词
专有名词
注意事项:
1.不可数名词没有复数变化,不能与a/an或表示具体数量的词直接连用。
这些名词前往往加some,any,no,alittle等词。
如;
somewater/applejuice/milk
2.当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用:
数词+量词+Of+名词来表述。
用量词修饰时,首先要注意量词的单复数;
然后要注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如:
onebagofrice.onekiloofapples.
tenbagsofrice.tenkilosofapples.
★对量词的提问句型
对可数名词的数量提问用howmany;
对不可数名词的数量提问要用howmuch,但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用howmany。
Iwouldliketwoapples.→Howmanyappleswouldyoulike?
Iwantsomebread.→Howmuchbreaddoyouwant?
Iwantthreeglassesofwater.→Howmanyglassesofwaterdoyouwant?
询问价格用Howmuch,如:
Howmuchisthecoat?
Howmucharethecoats?
二.名词的所有格
所有格的构成:
1.有生命的名词2.无生命的名词
★有生命的名词
(1)一般单数名词后加'
s.
如:
mybrother'
sbook,Jack'
scat,thegirl'
spen
(2)以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格,只需在名词右上方加‘。
thegirls’dormitory,ateachers'
college
注意:
在不规则复数名词后,要加'
s.如:
women'
sclothes.
(3)如果一样东西为两个人共有,在后一个名词词尾加'
s,
TomandPeter'
sroom汤姆和彼得的房间(共有)
(4)如果一样东西不是共有的,两个名词都要加'
如:
Tom'
sandPeter'
srooms汤姆的房间和彼得的房间(不共有)
★无生命名词:
无生命的名词的所有格,通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。
thewindowsoftheroom(房间的窗户)apictureofthehorse(一张马的照片)
名词习题
一.写出下列名词的复数形式:
1.house_________2.it___________3.zoo__________
4.orange_________5.bag___________6.exercise___________
7.brush__________8.family___________9.bus___________
10.city__________11.box___________12.baby__________
13.class__________14.factory_________15.glass__________
16.dictionary__________17.watch_________18.woman_________
19.match__________20.man_________21.this__________
22.German__________23.tomato_________24.policeman___________
25.kilo__________26.human_________27.potato___________
28.Chinese__________29.shelf__________30.Japanese__________
31.leaf___________32.American__________33.life___________
34.tooth__________35.wife___________36.foot___________
37.knife__________38.sheep__________39.half___________
40.child__________41.tooth__________42.mouth__________
二.选择填空:
1.Iwanttobuy________.
A.twobottlesofinkB.twobottleofinkC.twobottleofinksD.twobottlesofinks
2.Theydon’thavetodo_______today.
A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks
3.Therearethree______andseven______inthepicture.
A.cows,sheepsB.cows,sheepC.cow,sheepD.cow,sheeps
4.June1is_______.
A.children’sdayB.children’sDayC.Children’sDayD.Children’sday
5.______roomisnexttotheirparents’.
A.Kate’sandJoan’sB.Kate’sandJoanC.KateandJoan’sD.KateandJoan
6.MissGreenisafriendof_______.
A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary
7.Sheep_______whiteandmilk_______alsowhite.
A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are
8.I’dliketohaveaglassofmilkand_______.
A.twobreadsB.twopiecesofbreads
C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread
9.Many______aresingingoverthere.
A.womanB.womenC.girlD.child
10.Hebought_______.
A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoes
C.twopairsofshoeD.twopairofshoe
11.Mr.Whitehasthree_______.
A.childB.childrenC.childsD.childrens
12.---Arethese______?
---No,theyaren’t.They’re_______.
A.sheep,cowsB.sheep,cowC.sheeps,cowD.sheeps,cows
13.Therearemany______inthefridge.
A.fishB.fruitC.eggsD.bread
14.---Whoseroomisthis?
---It’s_______.
A.LiMingB.LiMing’sC.LiMingsD.LiMings’
15.Hereare______foryou,Sue.
A.potatosB.somepotatoesC.threetomatosD.sometomato
16.Herearesomebirthdaycardswithourbest______forher.
A.wishB.hopeC.wishesD.hopes
17.Ialwaysgotothat______tobuyfoodonSunday.
A.shopB.parkC.zooD.garden
18.______roomisonthe5thfloor.
A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’sC.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s
19.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme________.
A.twoorangeB.twobottleoforanges
C.twobottlesoforangeD.twobottlesoforanges
20.10.Thecatcaughttwo______lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices
21.Imetsome______intheparkandtalkedwiththemtheotherday.
A.JanpanesesB.AmericanC.ChinesesD.English
22.Therearetwo______intheroom.
A.shelfB.shelfsC.shelfesD.shelves
23.Thereareseven______inaweek.
A.yearsB.monthsC.daysD.minutes
24.Myfatherisa______.Heworksinahospital.
A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.writer
25.---Excuseme,areyou______?
---Yes,I’mfrom________.
A.Japan,JapaneseB.China,ChineseC.England,EnglishD.American,America
26.Theyare______jackets.A.Lucy’sB.Lucy’
27.Whatcoloris______coat.A.Peter’sB.Peter’
28.Theseare______books.A.teachers’sB.teachers’
29.Theyare______icecreamsA.children’B.children’s
30.Thisis______bag.A.TomandPeter’B.Tom’sandPeter’s
31.Whereare______.A.theschool’sstudentsB.studentsoftheschool
32.Thoseare______bags.A.drivers’sB.drivers’
33.Thisbagis______.A.Mary’sandTom’sB.MaryandTom’s
34.______fathersarecoming.A.Mary’sandKate’sB.Mary’sandKateC.MaryandKate’s
35.How____arethesebooks?
A.manyB.much
36.Thispairofpants______blue.Ilike_____verymuch.A.is,itB.are,themC.is,themD.are,it
37.How______glassesofwaterdoyouwant?
A.manyB.much
38.Thisis________.
A.MikeandJim'
sbikeB.Mike'
sandJimbikeC.Mike'
sandJim'
sbikeD.MikeandJimbike
39.Theseare______.
A.AmyandLingling’sroomB.Amy’sandLingling’sroom
C.Amy’sandLingling’sroomsD.AmyandLingling’sroom
40.My________bigandmy__________happy.A.familyisfamilyareB.familyisfamiliesare
三.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Ihavealotof______todo.(homework)
2.Thereareseven______inaweek.(day)
3.Howmany_____canyousee?
(tomato)
4.MissGuoiswearingapairof_______.(glass)
5.Therearefive_________inthepicture.(child)
6.Therearetwo________overthere.(bench)
7.Iliketaking________.(photo)
8.lcanseetwo__________standingthere.(woman)
9.Therearetwobasketsof__________onthefloor.(apple)
10.Therearethree__________.(knife)
11.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill?
12.Thereissome________(food)inthebasket.
13.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.
14.Thereisalotof________(water)inthebottle.
15.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.
16.Let'
stake________(photo),OK?
17.The________(leaf)onthetreeturn-yellow.
18.The________(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.
19.Their________(dictionary)areverynew.
20.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite________(hair).
21.Theyare________(woman)doctors.
22.Canyougivemesomebottlesof____(orange),please?
23.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture.
24.Iwouldlikesomeapple________(juice).Iamverythirsty.
四.将下列句子变成复数形式
1.Thisisaknife.____________________________
2.Thatisatomato.____________________________
3.Shehasawish.____________________________
4.Thatchildisverylovely.____________________________
5.Heislookingafterthebaby.____________________________
6.It’sabigheavybox.__________________________________
7.Thispictureisnice._