英语四级考试真题及解析Word文档下载推荐.docx

英语四级考试真题及解析Word文档下载推荐.docx

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tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15hoursperdayonline.She'

dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternetdatingsites

andinstant-messagingprograms–leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,alongwiththedishesanddirtylaundry,butittooknear-constant

complaintsfromherfourdaughtersbeforesherealizedshehadaproblem.

"

Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart–kindofslippingintoadepression,"

saidCarla."

IknewthatifIdidn'

tgetoffthedatingsites,I'

djustkeep

going,"

detaching（使脱离）herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.

Toebe'

sconclusion:

Shefeltlikeshewas"

addicted"

totheInternet.She'

snotalone.

ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn'

tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedicaljournalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusers

generatedinterestinthesubject.There'

sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhetheraddictionispossible.

ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreseriousattention:

Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirst

large-scalelookatexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternetaddictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.Andscores

ofonlinediscussionboardshavepoppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtotoomuchtimeontheWeb.

There'

snoquestionthatthere'

repeoplewho'

reseriouslyintroublebecausethey'

reoverdoingtheirInternetinvolvement,"

saidpsychiatrist（精神科医生）IvanGoldberg.

Goldbergcallstheproblemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.

JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical."

TheInternetisanenvironment,"

hesaid."

Youcan'

tbeaddictedtothe

environment."

Bishopdescribestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeopletoprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansinplaceoftime

spentonline.

ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephonesurveyofmorethan2,500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversityresearchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"

theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."

About9%attemptedtoconceal"

nonessential

Internetuse,"

andnearly4%reportedfeeling"

preoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline."

About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost14%reportedthey"

foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysatatime."

TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,"

saidEliasAboujaoude,aStanfordprofessor.Nosingleonlineactivityistoblameforexcessiveuse,hesaid."

They'

reonlinein

chatrooms,checkinge-mail,orwritingblogs.[Theproblemis]notlimitedtoporn（色情）orgambling"

websites.

ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspentonlinebut"

intermsoflosses,"

saidMaressaOrzack,aHarvardUniversityprofessor."

Ifit'

sa

loss[where]you'

renotgettingtowork,andfamilyrelationshipsarebreakingdownasaresult,thenit'

stoomuch."

Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheU.S.totreatheavyInternetusers.TheyincludetheCenterforInternetAddictionRecoveryandthe

CenterforInternetBehavior.

ThewebsiteforOrzack'

scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychologicalsymptomsofcomputeraddiction:

●Havingasenseofwell-being（幸福）orexcitementwhileatthecomputer.

●Longingformoreandmoretimeatthecomputer.

●Neglectoffamilyandfriends.

●Feelingempty,depressedorirritablewhennotatthecomputer.

●Lyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutactivities.

●Inabilitytostoptheactivity.

●Problemswithschoolorjob.

Physicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skippingmeals,poorpersonalhygiene（卫生）andsleepdisturbances.

PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveothermooddisorders,Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,they

oftenreportthatbeingonlineoffersa"

senseofbelonging,andescape,excitement[and]fun,"

shesaid."

Somepeoplesayrelief…becausetheyfindthemselvessorelaxed."

SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internetgamersspendcountlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromallovertheworld.One

suchgame,calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposterscomplainingofa"

gamingaddiction."

AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,playsWorldofWarcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'

snothingcompared

withthe40to60hoursaweekhespentplayingonlinegameswhenhewasincollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scalefamilyintervention（干预）,inwhichrelativestoldhim

he'

dgainedweight.

sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"

withonlinegaming,saidHeidrich,nowafatheroftwo."

Peopledoitattheexpenseofeverythingthatwas

aconstantintheirlives."

Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgamingaddictionregularly"

toremindmyselftokeepmyloveforonlinegamesincheck."

ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenshefirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahooInternet

addictiongroupwiththesubjectline:

IhaveanInternetAddiction."

I'

mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI'

mfailingtoaccomplishmywork,totakecareofmyhome,togiveattentiontomychildren,"

shewroteina

messagesenttothegroup."

Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;

Ican'

tevenpaymymortgage（抵押贷款）andfacelosingeverything."

Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse."

Ihaveaboyfriendnow,andI'

mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"

shesaidbyphonelastweek."

It'

salotbetternow."

注意此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeontheInternet?

A）Herdaughter'

srepeatedcomplaints.

B）Fatigueresultingfromlackofsleep.C）Thepoorlymanagedstateofherhouse.

D）Thehighfinancialcostsaddingup.

2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetuse?

A）Peopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulconsequences.

B）Ithasbecomevirtuallyinevitable.

C）Ithasbeensomewhatexaggerated.

D）Peoplehaven'

tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition.

3.JonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedifpeople______.

A）trytoimprovetheInternetenvironment

B）becomeawareofitsseriousconsequences

C）canrealizewhatisimportantinlife

D）canreachaconsensusonitsdefinition

4.AccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,Internetusewouldbeconsideredexcessiveif______.

A）itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationships

B）onevisitedpornwebsitesfrequently

C）toomuchtimewasspentinchatrooms

D）peoplegotinvolvedinonlinegambling

5.AccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmayfeel______.

A）discouragedB）pressuredC）depressedD）puzzled

6.WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlinegaming?

A）Hehadlostalotofmoney.

B）Hisfamilyhadintervened.

C）Hehadoffendedhisrelatives.

D）Hiscareerhadbeenruined.

7.AndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddictionto______.

A）improvehisonlinegamingskills

B）curbhisdesireforonlinegaming

C）showhowgoodheisatonlinegamingD）exchangeonlinegamingexperience

8.Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthatshe______.

9.ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn'

taffordtoseek______.

10.Nowthatshe'

sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout______.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhat

wassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked

A）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A）Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.

B）Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthebook.

C）Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.

D）Hecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforethedeadline.

12.A）Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.