杭州师范大学 综合英语一 硕士研究生考研真题Word文件下载.docx

杭州师范大学 综合英语一 硕士研究生考研真题Word文件下载.docx

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考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。

I.Cloze（每小题1分，共20分）

Fillintheblankswithproperwords（Thefirstletterisgiven）.

Weliveinasocietywherethereisalotoftalkaboutscience,butIwouldsaythattherearenot5percentofthepeoplewhoaree

（1）withschooling,collegeincluded,tounderstands

（2）reasoning.Wearemoreignorantofsciencet（3）peoplewithcomparableeducationinWesternEurope.

Therearealotofkidswhoknowe（4）aboutcomputers—howtobuildthem,howtotakethema（5）,andhowtow（6）programsforgames.Butifyouaskthemtoe（7）theprinciplesofphysicsthathavegoneintocreatingthec（8）,theydon’thavethefaintesti（9）.

Thef（10）tounderstandscienceleadstosuchthingsastheneglectofhumancreativep（11）.Italsogivesr（12）toblurringofthedistinctionbetweenscienceandtechnology.Lotsofpeopledon’td（13）betweenthetwo.Scienceistheproductionofnewk（14）whichcanbeappliedornot,andt（15）isthea（16）ofknowledgetotheproductionofsomeproducts,machineryorthel（17）.Thetwoarereallyverydifferent,andpeoplewhohavethefacultyforoneveryseldomhavethefacultyfortheo（18）.

Scienceinitselfisharmless,moreorl（19）.Butassoonasitcanprovidetechnology,itisnotnecessarilyh（20）.Nosocietyhasyetlearnedtoforecasttheconsequencesofnewtechnology,whichcanbeenormous.

II.ReadingComprehension.（每小题2分，共40分）

Readthefollowingfivetexts.AnswerthequestionsoneachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

TextA

Parentsareoftenupsetwhentheirchildrenpraisethehomesoftheirfriendsandregarditasaslurontheirowncooking,orcleaning,orfurniture,andoftenarefoolishenoughtolettheteenagersseethattheyareannoyed.Theymayevenaccusethemofdisloyalty,ormakesomeunpleasantremarkaboutthefriends’parents.Suchalossofdignityanddescentintochildishbehavioronthepartoftheadultsdeeplyshockstheteenagers,andmakesthemdecidethatinfuturetheywillnottalktotheirparentsabouttheplacesorpeopletheyvisit.Beforeverylongtheparentswillbecomplainingthatthechildissosecretiveandnevertellsthemanything,buttheyseldomrealizethattheyhavebroughtthisonthemselves.

Disillusionmentwiththeparents,howevergoodandadequatetheymaybebothasparentsandasindividuals,istosomedegreeinevitable.Mostchildrenhavesuchahighidealoftheirparents,unlesstheparentsthemselveshavebeenunsatisfactory,thatitcanhardlyhopetostanduptoarealisticevaluation.Parentswouldbegreatlysurprisedanddeeplytouchediftheyrealizedhowmuchbelieftheirchildrenusuallyhaveintheircharacterandinfallibility（一贯正确）,andhowmuchthisfaithmeanstoachild.Ifparentswerepreparedforthisteen-agedreaction,andrealizedthatitwasasignthatthechildwasgrowingupanddevelopingvaluablepowersofobservationandindependentjudgment,theywouldnotbesohurt,andthereforewouldnotdrivethechildintooppositionbyresentingandresistingit.

Theteenager,withhispassionforsincerity,alwaysrespectsaparentwhoadmitsthatheiswrong,orignorant,oreventhathehasbeenunfairorunjust.Whatthechildcan’tforgiveistheparents'

refusaltoadmitthesechargesifthechildknowsthemtobetrue.

Victorianparentsbelievedthattheykepttheirdignitybyretreatingbehindanunreasoningauthoritarianattitude;

infacttheydidnothingofthekind,butchildrenwerethentoofrightenedtoletthemknowhowtheyreallyfelt.Todaywetendtogototheotherextreme,butonthewholethisisahealthierattitudebothforthechildandtheparent.Itisalwayswiserandsafertofaceuptoreality,howeverpainfulitmaybeatthemoment.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whenthechildrenpraisethehomesoftheirfriends,theirparentstendnotto_____.

A.besadB.speakbadwordsaboutthefriendsparents

C.praisewiththemD.regardthepraiseasaslurontheirownhome

2.Inparagraph2,by“highideal”,theauthormeans_____.

A.therealisticevaluation

B.children’sdeepbeliefintheirparents’characterandinfallibility

C.parents’preparationfortheadolescentreaction

D.parents’beinggoodandadequate

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatcan’tbeacceptedbytheteenager?

A.Theparents’ignorance.B.Hisownslur.

C.Theparents’refusaltoadmittheirmistakes.D.Hisresentmenttohisparents.

4.Inthefirstsentenceofparagraph4,“retreatingbehindanunreasoningauthoritarianattitude”maymean_____.

A.notcaringwhattheirchildren'

sbehavior

B.statingnoreasonfortheirattitude

C.drawingbackfromtheirunreasonableauthoritarianattitude

D.coveringthemselveswithanunreasonablestrictattitude

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichstatementistrue?

A.Thechildrenmayforgivetheirparentsatalltimes.

B.Theparentsrealizethattheyareresponsibleforthesecretivenessoftheirchildren.

C.Iftheparentsactimproperly,theirchildrenwouldalwaysregardthemselvesasthemostideal.

D.Thechildrenwouldrespecttheirparentsaslongastheyadmittheirwrongdoings.

TextB

Birdsthatareliterallyhalfasleep--withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleeping--controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.

Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalfbrainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeyecontrolledbythesleepinghemispherekeepsshut,whilethewakefulhemisphere’seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.

Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerable,endoftherowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.

Also,birdsdozingattheendofthelineresortedtosinglehemispheresleep,ratherthantotalrelaxation,moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafourduckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalfasleepduringsome32percentofdozingtimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspots.

“Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain,”theresearcherssay.

Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalong-standingsuppositionthatsinglehemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He’sseenitinapairofbirdsdozingsidebysideinthezooandinasinglepetbirdsleepingbyamirror.Themirrorsideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereaccompaniedandtheothereyestayedopen.

Usefulashalfsleepingmightbe,it’sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammalsasdolphins,whales,andseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.

Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbirds’half-brainsleepisjustthetipoftheiceberg.Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.

6.Anewstudyonbirds’sleephasrevealedthat________.

A.halfbrainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirds

B.halfbrainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwaves

C.birdscancontroltheirhalfbrainsleepconsciously

D.birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest

7.Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause________.

A.theyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacks

B.theirbrainhemispherestaketurnstorest

C.thetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructured

D.theyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions

8.Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat________.

A.thephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespread

B.birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurity

C.evenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurity

D.asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror

9.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalfawakeinorderto________.

A.alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemy

B.emergefromwaternowandthentobreathe

C.besensitivetotheever-changingenvironment

D.avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents

10.By“justthetipoftheiceberg”（Line2,Para.8）,Siegelsuggeststhat________.

A.halfbrainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweather

B.themysteryofhalfbrainsleepisclosetobeingsolved

C.mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepers

D.halfbrainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspecies

TextC

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;

therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence–asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehum