高中英语名词性从句及专练.docx
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高中英语名词性从句及专练
八.名词性从句
名词性从句——主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功能同名词一样。
一.主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。
例如:
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) it is +形容词+从句
It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) it is +不及物动词+从句
It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧…
(4) it +过去分词+从句
It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实…
3.由连词that或者whether引导的主语从句:
这种情况下that和whether只是引导作用不担当成分,不能省略,并且可以转变成it形式主语。
Thattheearthisroundistrue。
―――itistruethattheearthisround。
Whetherhewillcomeornothasn’tbeendecided.
Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhetherhewillcomeornot.
4.由连接代词或者连接副词引导的主语从句:
连接代词who,which和连接副词when,where,how,why都可以引导主语从句,可以分别担任主语,宾语和状语,不能省略,可以改为it引导的主语从句。
Wholetoutthenewsremainedunknown
----itremainedunknownwholetoutthenews.
Whyhedidn’tcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.
----itisnotcleartoanyonewhyhedidn’tcome.
5.以关系代词what,whateverwhoeverwhichever等引导的主语从句:
whoeverleavestheofficeshouldtellme。
(这里whoever做主语)
改成定语从句:
Anyonewholeavestheofficeshouldtellme。
6. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而that 则不然。
例如:
1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
二.宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如:
I heard that he joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
例如:
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介词的宾语 :
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容词的宾语
例如:
I am afraid (that) I’vemade a mistake.
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。
4. It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语,而真正的宾语that (也可能是todo)从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
例如:
We heard it that she would get married next month.
HefounditprettyhardtolearnbothEnglishandFrenchwellatthesametime.
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有
allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。
这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。
例如:
I admire their winning the match. (right) I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
6..否定的转移若主句谓语动词为:
think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有
否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
例如:
I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
)
7. 注意事项:
1)宾语从句时态要与主语保持相应的一致和变化。
2)从句的语态要变为陈述语序。
三.表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。
引导表语从句的that一般不可省略。
另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。
例如:
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
四.同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
1.一般用于同位语从句的抽象名词有:
news,idea,belief,doubt,fact,rumor,order,hope,answer…
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时可以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述它的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
例如:
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。
)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。
)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
whether与if在名词性从句中:
1.引导宾语从句时,whether和if可以互换,但是出现ornot时候只能用whether
Idon’tknowwhether/ifIcancome.
Idon’tknowwhetherIcancomeornot.
2.如果宾语从句是否定结构,则用if。
Idon’tcareifhedoesn’tshowup.
3.介词宾语从句只能用whether引导。
Weworriedaboutwhetherhewasingodhealth.
4.引导表语从句,主语从句和同位语从句时都用whether。
Thequestionwhetherheshouldcomehimselforsendanotheronehasn’tbeendecided.
Whethertheywinisallthesametome.
TheQuestioniswhetheryoucandoityourself.
名词性从句专练
1.______hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where
2.Thetraditionalviewis______wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomake