英语学科教学论Word文件下载.docx

英语学科教学论Word文件下载.docx

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InHammer’sfive-stepmodel,thepurposeof “elicitation” istoprovidetheteacherwithfeedbackastowhattodonextimofthepracticestageistocausethelearnerstoabsorbthestructurethoroughly

B

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Aphonemeisthesmallestdistinctivesoundunit,incapableofchangeindifferentphoneticenvironments  Theback-chainingtechniquemeansthestudentsrepeatasentenceaftertheteacher,startingfromtheendpartofthesentenceandmovingtowardsthebeginning

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Thegoalofforeignlanguageteachingistoproduceover-usersofmonitor

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Normallywhenwereadoureyesflickbackwardsandforwardsoverthetext

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Verbalpresentationofnewwordsmeansthatthemeaningofasecondlanguagewordisdemonstratedthroughconcreteobjects,visualaids,orthroughmimeandacting

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ThetheoryoflanguageunderlyingtheGrammar-TranslationMethodwasderivedfromComparativeHistoricalLinguistics

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Ofthefourpossibletunemovements,highfallisusedforstatementsandwh-questions;

highriseisusedforquestionsaskingforrepetitionofsomething;

lowriseisforyes/noquestions,etcandfallriseisforcorrectionsandpolitecontradictions

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Authenticmaterialscanonlybeusedintheclassroomforbeginners

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ConsciousknowledgeofrulesdoesnothelpacquisitionaccordingtoKrashen

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Whenthereadersreadtogetthegeneralpicture,onlythemainpointsarewhattheyareinterestedin,notthedetail

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Ingeneral,arisingintonationisseenasbeingmoreimpolitethatafallingone

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Krashenbelievesthatadultsarebetterlanguagelearners,whilechildrenarebetterlanguageacquirers

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Asuggestopadiacourseisconductedinaclassroominwhichstudentsareascomfortableaspossible

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Semantizationmeansthateverynewwordshouldbepresentedinsuchawaythatitsmeaningbecomescleartothelearner

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Inagrammar-translationmethodclassroom,readingandwritingarethemajorfocus;

littleornosystematicattentionispaidtospeakingorlistening,becauseliterarylanguageisconsideredsuperiortospokenlanguageandisthereforethelanguagestudentsshouldstudy

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Ifweasktheclasstolistenandweaskthequestionsafterwards,wearehelpingthemimprovetheirlisteningskillindeed

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Ifthechosentopicforaconversationlessonistoogeneralitwillnotexcitethestudents,ifitistoospecificsomestudentswillbeinterested,andothersnot

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PitchisproducedbyfrequencyofvibrationofthevocalcordsThehigherthefrequency,thehigherthepitch

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InanEnglishclassweareusuallyconcernedwithcasuallistening

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Usuallylowkeyisusedforemphasisandcontrast;

midkeyindicatesanexpected,neutralattitude;

andlowkeyprovideslowinformation

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ForKrashen,theaffectivefilteristheprincipalsourceofindividualdifferenceinsecondlanguageacquisition

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comprehensionandasawayoflearningnewlanguage

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Thestagesofalessonoverlap

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TextsareusuallyusedinEnglishclassesfortwomainpurposes:

asawayofdevelopingreading

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Onefunctionofalanguagecanonlybeexpressedbyonestructure

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Thewaysinwhichwordsfollowoneanotherandarerelatedtooneanotheriscalledthesyntagmaticdimensionoflanguage,thedimensionof “chaining” or “sequencing” 

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Consonantsvarydependingonwhereandhowtheairstreamgetsthrough,theplaceandmovementofthetongue,andalsowhetherthevoiceisusedornot

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TheSilentWayisbasedonthepremisethatthestudentsshouldbesilentasmuchaspossibleintheclassroom

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Timecanbesavedbydecidingonaformatwhichsuitsyouandthenkeepingapileofblanks  Allgoodlessonplansgiveaclearpictureofwhattheteacherintendstodointhelesson

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Tounderstandaword,youhavetoreadallthelettersinit;

tounderstandasentenceyouhavetoreadallthewordsinit

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Silentreadinginvolveslookingatthetextandsayingthewordssilentlytoyourself

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ThetheoryoflearningunderlyingtheGrammar-TranslationMethodwasFacultyPsychologyTheFacultyPsychologistsbelievedthatthemindofhumanbeingshadvariousfacultieswhichcouldbetrainedseparately

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Arealgoodlessonplanshouldbelongandcomplicatedwithdetailedlessonnotes

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InordertokeepstudentsinterestedinlearningEnglishitisimportanttoincludeavarietyofactivitiesandtechniquesinthelesson

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ItisacceptedbymostexpertsofforeignlanguageteachingthattheGrammar-TranslationMethodoriginatedfromthethcentury

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Theaimofthepracticestageistocausethelearnerstoabsorbthestructurethoroughly

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Itisimportantfortheteachertoshowstudentshoweasyitistounderstandsomethingfromauthenticmaterialsratherthanhowdifficultitistounderstandeverything

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UntilthethcenturyLatinwastaughtthroughactiveuseofspeechandwrittentextwithoutgrammaranalysis

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AnexercisewithheterogeneitycanalsohaveapositiveeffectonlearnerattitudeandmotivationItprovidesanopportunityfortheteachertogiveslowerorlessconfidentstudentstheapprovalandencouragementtheyneed

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Thevowelisproducedwithout（orwithlittle）restrictionduringitsproductionandisalwaysvoiced

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Minimalpairsarepairsofwordsthatdifferonlyinonesound

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Theteachercanhelpthestudentstoreadatextbyreadingitaloudwhiletheyfollowintheirbooks

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Iftheteacherusesthesametechniques,somestudentsmaynothavethechancetolearninthewaythatsuitsthembest

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Studentsalmostalwaysenjoylisteningtostories

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Vowelsareformedmainlybythepositionofthetongueand,secondarily,bytheshapeofthelipsandmovementofthejaw

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Languageisalogicalsystem

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TheSilentWay,CommunityLanguageLearning,andSuggestopaediaalllayemphasisontheindividualandonpersonallearningstrategies

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Inpractice,CommunityLanguageLearningismostoftenusedintheteachingofwritingskillandthecourseprogressionistopicbased

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Animportantpartoftheskilloflisteningisbeingabletopredictwhatthespeakerisgoingtosaynext