本科英美概况第十周 Chapter 10 Land and PeopleWord文档格式.docx

本科英美概况第十周 Chapter 10 Land and PeopleWord文档格式.docx

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Throughasystemofseparationofpowersandthesystemof"

checksandbalances,"

eachofthesebrancheshassomeauthoritytoactonitsown,someauthoritytoregulatetheothertwobranches,andhassomeofitsownauthority,inturn,regulatedbytheotherbranches.

ThepoliciesofthefederalgovernmenthaveabroadimpactonboththedomesticandforeignaffairsoftheUnitedStates.Inaddition,thepowersofthefederalgovernmentasawholearelimitedbytheConstitution,which,pertheTenthAmendment,givesallpowernotdirectedtotheNationalgovernment,totheStatelevel,ortothepeople.

TheseatofthefederalgovernmentisinthefederaldistrictofWashington,D.C.

###TheWhiteHouse

###WashingtonMonument

WashingtonMonumentwithAmericanflagscirclingthemonument.

AloneamongtheFoundersoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashingtonearnedthetitle"

FatherofhisCountry"

inrecognitionofhisleadershipinthecauseofAmericanindependence.

AppointedcommanderoftheContinentalArmyin1775,hemoldedafightingforcethatwonindependence.

In1787asPresidentoftheConstitutionalConvention,hehelpedguidethedeliberationstoformagovernmentthathaslastedformorethan200years.TwoyearslaterhewasunanimouslyelectedthefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates.

###CapitalHill

###LincolnMemorial

###TheStatueofLiberty,waspresentedtotheUnitedStatesby"

thepeopleofFrance"

in1886.StandingonLibertyIslandinNewYorkHarbor,itwelcomesvisitors,immigrants,andreturningAmericanstravelingbyship.

###ItsLand

TheUnitedStatesofAmericaisafederalrepubliconthecontinentofNorthAmerica.

The50U.S.statesvarywidelyinsizeandpopulation.ThelargeststatesinareaareAlaskaat1,717,854sqkm,followedbyTexas,andCalifornia.

ThesmalleststateisRhodeIsland.

ThestatewiththelargestpopulationisCaliforniafollowedbyTexas,andNewYork.

1.TheMountains

TheRockyMountainsstretchmorethan4,800kilometers（3,000miles）fromnorthernmostBritishColumbia,inCanada,toNewMexico,intheUnitedStates.

TheAppalachianMountainsareavastsystemofmountainsineasternNorthAmerica.

TherangeismostlylocatedintheUnitedStates,butextendsintosoutheasternCanada.TheAppalachianMountainsusuallyincludeareasinthestatesofKentucky,Tennessee,Virginia,Maryland,WestVirginia,andNorthCarolina,aswellassometimesextendingasfarsouthasnorthernGeorgiaandwesternSouthCarolina,asfarnorthasPennsylvania,andasfarwestassouthernOhio.

TheGreatSmokyMountainsareportionoftheAppalachianMountainsystem,inwesternNorthCarolinaandeasternTennessee.

TheGreatSmokyMountainsNationalPark,andpartsofseveralnationalforestsarelocatedhere.Themountainsarenamedforthesmoke-likehazecharacteristicoftheregion.

MountRushmore,isamonumentalgranitesculpture,locatedinSouthDakota.ThePresidentialMemorialrepresentsthefirst150yearsofthehistoryoftheUnitedStatesofAmericawith60-footsculpturesoftheheadsofformerUnitedStatespresidents（lefttoright）:

GeorgeWashington（1732–1799）,ThomasJefferson（1743–1826）,TheodoreRoosevelt（1858–1919）,andAbrahamLincoln（1809–1865）.

###ThelakesandRivers

Waterfeatures,includinglakes,rivers,andcoastlines,haveplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.

1.MississippiRiver

AsNorthAmerica’slongestriver,theMississippiRiverflows3,770kmfromitssourceatLakeItasca,Minnesota,toitsmouthattheGulfofMexico.

2.OhioRiver

TheOhioRiverisoneofthemaintributariesoftheMississippiRiver,drainingthenorthernportionsoftheAppalachianMountainsandtheMidwest.

3.TennesseeRiver

TennesseeRiverdrainsmuchofthesouthernAppalachianMountainsbeforeitjoinstheOhioRiverinwesternKentucky.

4.MissouriRiver

MissouriRiverisamajortributaryoftheMississippi.ItsdrainagebasinencompassesmostofthenorthernGreatPlainsregion.

5.ColoradoRiver

OriginatingintheRockyMountainsofColorado,theColoradoRiverextendsfor2,330kmtotheGulfofCaliforniainMexico.

###ThelargecitiesinUSA

Duringthesettlementofthenation,immigrantsmovedwestwardacrosstheUnitedStatesandfoundarichandvariednaturalenvironment.

LargeCitiesintheUnitedStates（P.148）

TheUnitedStateshasdozensofmajorcities,including11ofthe55globalcitiesofalltypes—withthree"

alpha"

globalcities:

NewYorkCity,LosAngeles,andChicago.

1.NewYork

2.LosAngeles

3.Chicago

###ItsPeople

In2006theU.S.CensusBureauestimatedthattheUnitedStatespopulationhadreachedamilestone:

300millionpeople.

ThispopulationcountmakestheUnitedStatesthethirdmostpopulouscountryintheworld,afterChinaandIndia.

Nearly5percentoftheEarth’sinhabitantsliveintheUnitedStates.Historically,thisnationhasattractedvastnumbersofimmigrantsfromaroundtheglobe.

ThepopulationoftheUnitedStateshasbecomeincreasinglydiverseinethniccomposition,characteristics,language,andreligion.

##CultureDiversity

AlthoughAmerica’scultureisbecomingmoreuniform,itssocietyremainsadiversemixofethnic,racial,andreligiousgroups.

TheUnitedStatesisapluralisticsociety,meaningitiscomposedofmanynationalities,races,religions,andcreeds.

TheUnitedStatesiscertainlyoneofthemostdiversecountriesoftheworld,bothfromaculturalandanenvironmentalperspective.ThelandthatisnowtheUnitedStateswashometodiversecultureswhenthefirstEuropeansandAfricansarrived.

ItwasinhabitedbyavarietyofNativeAmericanpeopleswhospokemorethan300differentlanguages.TheEuropeansandAfricansaddedtheirownvaryingculturestothisdiversity.

The13coloniestheyfoundedalongtheeasternseaboardbecametheUnitedStatesinthelate18thcentury.

Duringthefollowingcentury,thenewnationaddedhugechunksofterritory,andmillionsofimmigrantsarrived,mainlyfromEuropeandespeciallyduringtheyearsfrom1860to1914.

AsecondmigrationoccurredintheSouthwest,whereHispanicspushednorthwardfromMexico,leavinganindelibleimprint.

Inaddition,slaveswerebroughtfromAfricatoworkonagriculturalestatesintheSouth,wheretheyformedalargepercentageofthepopulation.

Percent（%）GeneralDemographicsofEntireUSAPopulation

EthnicCategory

Sex/Gender

Females

Males

Total

HispanicorLatino

6.43

6.18

12.6

NotHispanicorLatino

44.60

42.86

87.40

EthnicCategoryTotalofAllSubjects*

51.00

49.00

100

RacialCategories

AmericanIndian/AlaskaNative

0.45

0.44

0.89

Asian

1.85

1.78

3.62

NativeHawaiianorOtherPacificIslander

0.07

0.14

BlackorAfricanAmerican

6.29

6.04

12.33

White

38.33

36.83

75.16

OtherorUnknown

2.79

2.68

5.47

Twoormorerace

1.23

1.18

2.42

RacialCategories:

TotalofAllSubjects*