高考细节理解阅读技巧Word文件下载.docx

高考细节理解阅读技巧Word文件下载.docx

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Manyyearsago,whenIwasfreshoutofschoolandworkinginDenver,Iwasdrivingtomyparents'

homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstation（加油站）about50milesfromOklahomaCity,whereIwasplanningtostopandvisitafriend.WhileIwasstandinginlineatthecashregister（收款台）,Isaidhellotoanoldercouplewhowerealsopayingforgas.（2006年全国卷I,B篇）

　　60.TheauthorplannedtostopatOklahomaCity_______.

　　A.tovisitafriend

　　B.toseehisparents

　　C.topayorthecashregister

　　D.tohavemoregasforhiscar

　　例2:

Cominginaclosesecond—andoftenwronglymentionedasthemostdistantland—isEasterIsland,whichlies1,260mileseastofitsnearestneighbor,PitcairnIsland,and2,300mileswestofSouthAmerica.

　　Themountainous64-square-mileislandwassettledaroundthe5thcentury,supposedlybypeoplewhowerelostatsea.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyearsgivingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1,000hugestonefigurescalledmoai,forwhichtheislandismostfamous.（2003年全国卷,A篇）

　　57.Whichofthefollowingismostfamousformoai?

　　A.TristandaCunha.B.PitcairnIsland.

　　C.EasterIsland.D.St.Helena.

　　【技巧点拨】解答针对定语从句设置的细节题时,考生一定要认真分析句子结构,联系上下文,弄清楚关系词所指代的对象,准确答题。

　　针对易产生歧义的句子设题

　　除针对一些结构上比较特殊的句式设题之外,有些意义上容易令考生产生误解的语句也是命题者关注的重点。

例如:

　　Intherestaurant

　　Thereisprobablynothingmoreannoyingthanadinerreceivingormakingacallnearyouwhenyouareinarestaurant.Theicyglaresyoureceiveshouldbewarningthatitisnotappreciated.Turnyourphoneoffanduseyourmessageservicetoreturncallsafteryouleave.（2005年上海春季卷,B篇）

　　79.Accordingtothepassage,themostannoyingthinginarestaurantisthat________.

　　A.youreceiveicyglares

　　B.anearbydinerisansweringaphonecall

　　C.youhavetousethemessageservice

　　D.youcannotreturncallsuntilafteryouleave

　　英语中有许多难于理解的句子,下面略举几例:

（1）否定转移

　　TheyarenotworkinghardatEnglishonlyforthemselves.他们在努力学习英语,这样做并不仅仅是为了他们自己。

　　错误表达:

TheyareworkinghardatEnglishnotonlyforthemselves.

（2）全部否定与部分否定

　　全部否定:

Allgermsareinvisibletothenakedeyes.所有细菌都不能被肉眼所见。

　　部分否定:

Notallwormsarevisibletothenakedeyes.并不是所有的虫子都能被肉眼所见。

　　（3）含有morethan/nomore...than的句子

　　Thequestionismorethantheboyisabletoworkout.这个男孩是没有能力解出这道题的。

　　Afamilywithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabodywithoutsoulisaman.就像一个没有灵魂的躯体不能称之为人一样,一个没有爱的家庭就不能称之为家。

　　【技巧点拨】解答此类针对容易产生歧义或难以理解的句子设置的题型时,考生需结合平时积累的基础知识,反复推敲句意,“去伪存真”,判定句子在文中的准确意思之后再解题。

　　针对上下文或句间的逻辑关系设题

　　阅读理解文章中,有些句子间虽然没有明显的关联词,但却形成了逻辑上的因果关系、转折关系等,以及含有例证、引用等的句子,这些都可能成为命题人的设题点。

　　例1:

　　*Thelefthalfofthebraincontrolstherightsideofthebody.Therighthalfcontrolstheleftside.

　　*Onehalfofthebrainisalwaysdominant（incharge）.Usually,theleftbrainisdominant,whichiswhy90%ofpeopleareright-handed.（2007年江苏卷,D篇）

　　70.Fromthepassage,weknowthereasonwhyaround10%ofpeopleareleft-handedisthat________.

　　A.theirfrontallobeisusuallydominant

　　B.theirtemporallobeisusuallydominant

　　C.theirrightbrainisusuallydominant

　　D.theirleftbrainisusuallydominant

Jimsufferedheartproblems.Inconversationheexpressedlittlejoyanditseemedthathislifewasdrawingtoaclose.

　　Whenhisheartproblemsledtooperation,Jimwentthroughitsuccessfully,andafullrecoverywasexpected.Withindayshowever,hisheartwasnotbeatingproperly.Jimwasrushedbacktooperation,butnothingwasfoundtoexplainthecauseofhisillness.Hediedontheoperatingtableonthedaybeforehis48thbirthday.（2007年四川卷,B篇）

　　59.Jimwassentbacktooperationbecause________.

　　A.hisheartdidn'

tworkwell

　　B.heexpectedafullrecovery

　　C.hislifewasdrawingtoaclose

　　D.thefirstonewasn'

twellperformed

　　例3:

Whatwillpeopledieof100yearsfromnow?

Ifyouthinkthatisasimplequestion,youhavenotbeenpayingattentiontotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinbio-technology（生物技术）.Withthehelpofnewmedicine,thehumanbodywilllastaverylongtime.Deathwillcomemainlyfromaccidentsmurderandwar.Today'

sleadingkillerssuchasheartdisease,cancer,andagingitself,willbecomedistantmemories.（2007年辽宁卷,A篇）

　　56.Accordingtothepassage,humandeathisnowmainlycausedby________.

　　A.diseasesandaging

　　B.accidentsandwar

　　C.accidentsandaging

　　D.heartdiseaseandwar

　　【技巧点拨】阅读理解题不同于单项选择题,句子并不是单独存在的,而是处于特定的语言环境中,与上下文相联系。

因此,考生解题时不应拘泥于某个单句,而应“瞻前顾后”,注意整体联系,避免“以偏概全”,准确解题。

　　综上所述,阅读理解中的细节题主要是针对句子的关系词、长难句的句意或句与句之间的逻辑关系设置题目,考生只要学会分析与题干相关的信息,厘清其所在句子的结构,联系上下文准确理解句子的意思,定能轻松解答细节题。

（2011佛山一中月考题）

Intheearlieststagesofman'

sdevelop

menthehadnomoreneedofmoneythananimalshave.Hewascontentwithverysimpleformsofshelter,madehisownroughto

olsandweaponsandcouldprovidefoodandclothingforhimselfandhisfamilyfromnaturalmaterialsaroundhim.Ashebecamemorecivilized,however,hebegantowantbettershelter,moreefficienttoolsandweapons,andmore

comfortableandmorelastingclothingthancouldbe

providedbyhisownneighborhoodorbytheworkofhisownunskilledhands.Forthesethingshehadtoturntotheskilledpeoplesuchassmiths,leatherworkersorcarpenters.Itwasthenthatthequestionofpaymentarose.

Asm

enbecamemorecivilizedthey______.

A.alllearnttomakebythemselvesthethingsneeded

B.hadtotravelalottolookforwhattheywanted

C.wantedbetterthingsthanthosetheythemselvescouldprovide

D.nolongerprovidedfoodandclothingforthemselves

【答

案及解析】

C　从问题的关键词becamemorecivilized出发，可以定位到文中与之相关的语句：

Ashebecamemorecivilized…发现文中用he代替men,后面的语句however,hebegantowantbettershelter,moreefficienttoolsandweapons,andmorecomfortableandmo

relastingclothingthancouldbeprovidedbyhisownneighborhoodorbytheworkofhisownunskilledhands对应选项C，用themselves概括了hisownneighborhood和ofhisownunskilledhands。

细节理解题旨在考查考生对事实细节的理解。

这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章

的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。

一、提问方式

这类题主要是针对wh

o,what,which,why,how,when,where等来提问的。

如：

（1）Whichofthefollowingstatements

istrue/NOTtrue/falseaccordingtothepassa

ge?

（2）Inthepassage

whichofthefollowingismentioned/notmentioned?

（3）AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT______.

二、解题技巧

1.高考试题中的细节理解题主要是通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查考生对英语语言的理解能力。

解答这类题可用“寻找题眼”，即从问题入手，找到问题中的题眼，有针对性地扫读短文，迅速锁定相关词句或信息点，然后寻找相关的同义或反义表述，围绕主旨深刻理解材料。

2.一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案，但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思。

但正确选项应当与主旨相关联。

3.如果问题中含有否定意义的词语，如有not,except

等，要特别留心，不要理解错了，而选相反的答案。

三、干扰选项的特点：

1.是原文信息，但是不是题目要求的内容；

2.符合常识，但不是文章内容；

3.与原句的内容极为相似，只是在程度或范围上有些变动。

细节理解题

例1【2008重庆卷阅读D篇】

Seeingavolcanoerupt（喷发）isawonderfulexperience,andyoucanreallyfeelthebeatbyclimbingtothesummit（山顶）ofPacayaforaclose-upview.ThereareguidedtourseverydayupthishighlyactivevolcanofromAntigua.GivingtravelersachancetoseeMotherNatureathermostpowerful.

PacayaisaneasydrivefromAntigua,abeautifulcitywithmanycolorfulhousesalongitsoldstreetsthatareturnedintoart-worksduringitsHolyWeekfestival.NomatterwhenyoucometoAntigua,youwon’tmissthePacaya-tourcompanies.

ButclimbingPacayaisnoeasyjob:

itis2560metreshigh,andreachingthesummittakestwotothreehoursofseeminglyone-step-forwardandtwo-step-backmovements.Asyouclimb,youhearthedullsoundsoferuptionshighabove.Steaming.Hotremainsfromrecenteruptionsbegintolinethepathasyouneartheactivesummit;

theMcKenneyCone（火山锥）.Justasthoughyouweregoingtowalkovertotheedgeofthecone,theroadturnstotheleftanduptotherelativesafetyoftheold,inactivesummit.

Manytoursaretimedsothatyouarriveattheconeofthevolcanoinplentyoftimeforsunsetandthefullcontrastbetweentheeruptingredlava（熔岩）andthedarkeningsky.Onagooddaytheviewfromthesummitisextremelyexciting.Theactivemouthboils,sendingredlavaoveritssides,andonceinawhileshootshotstreamsupto100metresintotheair.Thereisastrongbadsmellintheairevenifyoutakecaretobeupwindofthecone.Aseveningturnsdeeperintothenight.theburninglavaquietlyfallsdowntaesideofthevolcano.Foryou,too,itistimetogetdown.

69.Antiguaisacity.

A.wherepeoplecanenjoyculturalfestivalsB.wherethedaringPacayatourstarts

C.thatgivesaclose-upviewofParayaD.thatisfamousforitstourcompanies

70.ClimbingtotheMcKenneyCone,peoplewill.

A.walkdirectlytotheactivesummit

B.hearthecontinuousloudnoisefromabove

C.makegreatereffortsthantoothersummits

D.seeapathlinedwithremainsofearliereruptions

71.Manytoursaretimedforpeopleto.

A.getdownthemountainintimewhennightfalls

B.avoidthesmellfromtheupwinddirectionofthecone

C.enjoythefantasticeruptionagainstthedarkeningsky

D.appreciatethesceneryofthe2560-metre-highmountain

例2【2008山东卷阅读B篇】

FederalregulatorsWednesdayapprovedaplantocreateanationwideemergencealert（警报）systemusingtextmessagesde