上海市八校届高三上学期联考英语试题Word文件下载.docx

上海市八校届高三上学期联考英语试题Word文件下载.docx

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Whatexactlyisatwentieth-centuryromance?

Doesithaveanyrelationshipwiththelively,popularnovelswrittentoday,withtheirfantasticplotsofloveaffairs?

OrdidtheplaywrightOscarWildehaveitrightinThePictureofDorianGray:

”Whenoneisinlove,onealwaysbeginsbydeceiving（30）andonealwaysendsbydeceivingothers.Thatiswhattheworldcallsaromance.”

SectionB

completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcannlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.astonishinglyB.surroundingC.collapseD.unnoticedE.interrupted

F.previouslyG.congratulateH.predictionsI.potentialJ.producing

K.properties

InthewakeofthehistoricannouncementofthediscoveryofgravitationalwavesonFebruary11,2016bytheLaserInterferometerGravitational-WaveObservatory（LIGO）,BritishphysicistandblackholetheoristStephenHawkingwasquickto31theUS-ledcollaboration,sharinghisexcitementforthehistoricnews.

AccordingtoHawking,theseresultsconfirmseveralveryimportant32ofEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativityanditalsoconfirmstheexistenceofgravitationalwavesdirectly.

Asisbecomingclear,thedirectdetectionoftheseripplesinspacetimenotonlyconfirmsEinstein’sfamoustheoryofgeneraltheorybutitalsoopensoureyestoa（n）33“dark”universe.Astronomersemploytheelectromagneticspectrum（电磁光谱）tostudytheuniverse,butobjectsthatdonotradiateintheelectromagneticspectrumwillgo34.Butnowweknowhowtodetectgravitationalwaves,whichcanhelpusdetectandstudysomeofthemostenergeticcosmicphenomena.

“Gravitationalwavesprovideacompletelynewwayoflookingattheuniverseandtheabilitytodetectthemhasthe35torevolutionizeastronomy”saidHawking.“Thediscoveryisthefirstobservationofblackholesmerging.Theobserved36ofthissystemareconsistentwithpredictionsaboutblackholesthatImadein1970inCambridge.”

However,thisdiscoveryalsopresentsapuzzleforastrophysicists.Themassofeachoftheblackholesarelargerthanexpectedforthoseformedbythegravitational37ofastar---sohowdidbothoftheseblackholesbecomesomassive?

Thisquestiontouchesononeofthebiggestmysterious38blackholeevolution.Currently,astronomersarehavingahardtimeunderstandinghowblackholesgrowtobesomassive.Ontheoneendofthescale,thereare“stellarmass（恒星质量）”blackholesthatformimmediatelyafteramassivestarexplodes,39anextremelybrightlight.Andwealsohaveanabundanceofevidencefortheexistenceofthesuper-massivethatliveinthecentersofmostgalaxies.Thereshouldbeevidenceofblackholesofallsizes,but“intermediatemass”blackholesandblackholesofafewdozensolarmassesare40rare,throwingsomeblackholesevolutiontheoriesintodoubt.

Onethingisclear,however.Thisisthefirsttimethatwe’veacquireddirectevidenceofablackholemerger.Soit’sgoodtoknowwe’reontherighttrack.

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA（15*1=15分）

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Cowboyorspaceman?

Adilemmaforachildren’sparty,perhaps.Butalsoaquestionforeconomists,arguedKennethBoulding,inanessaypublishedin1996.Wehaverunour_41__,hewarned,likecowboysontheopengrassland:

takingandusingtheworld’sresources,___42___thatmoreliesoverthehorizon.ButtheEarthis__43__agrasslandthanaspaceship--aclosedsystem,aloneinspace,carryingexhaustiblesupplies.Weneed,saidBoulding,aneconomicsthattakesseriouslytheideaofenvironmental___44___.Inthehalfcenturysincehisessay,anewmovementhasrespondedtohischallenge.“Ecologicaleconomists,”astheycallthemselves,wantto___45___itsaimsandassumptions.Whatdotheysay--andwilltheirideastakeoff?

Toits__46__,ecologicaleconomicsisneitherecologynoreconomics,butamixofboth.Theirstartingpointistorecognizethatthehumaneconomyispartofthenaturalworld.Ourenvironment,theynote,isbothasourceofresourcesandasinkforwastes.Butitis__47__intraditionaltextbooks,whereneatdiagramstracetheflowsbetweenfirms,householdsandthegovernmentasthoughnaturedidnotexist.Thatisahugemistake.

Therearetwowaysoureconomiescangrow,ecologicaleconomistspointout:

throughtechnologicalchange,orthroughmaximumuseofresources.Onlythe__48__,theysay,isworthhaving.TheyaresuspiciousofGDP（grossdomesticproduct）,asimple___49___whichdoesnottakeintoaccountresourceexhaustion,unpaidworkandcountlessotherfactors.__50___,theyadvocatemoreholisticapproaches,suchasGPI（genuineprogressindicator）,acomposite（复合的）indexthatincludethingslikethecostofpollution,deforestationandcaraccidents.WhileGDPhaskeptgrowing,globalGPIperperson___51___in1978:

bydestroyingourenvironment,wearemakingourselvespoorer,notricher.Thesolution,accordingtoexpert,liesina“steady-state”economy,wheretheuseofmaterialsandenergyisheld__52__.

Mainstreameconomistsarenot___53___.GPI,theypointout,isasubjectivestandard.AndtalkoflimitstogrowthhashadabadpresssincethedaysofThomasMalthus,whopredictedinthe18thcentury,wrongly,thatoverpopulationwouldleadtofamine.Humanbeingsfindsolutionstosomeofthemostannoyingproblems.Butecologicaleconomists____54__self-satisfaction.In2009,apaperinNaturearguedthathumanactivityisalready__55__ecologisteconomistsareatleastaskingsomeimportantquestions,eveniftheiranswersturnouttobewrong.

41.

A.grassland

B.nation

C.economy

D.spaceship

42.

A.ignorant

B.confident

C.astonished

D.Anxious

43.

A.less

B.smaller

C.more

D.larger

44.

A.movements

B.influences

C.limits

D.threats

45.

A.reject

B.realize

C.resemble

D.revolutionize

46.

A.challengers

B.learners

C.advocates

D.professors

47.

A.addressed

B.ignored

C.opposed

D.reflected

48.

A.advanced

B.former

C.latter

D.scientific

49.

A.number

B.product

C.idea

D.measure

50.

A.Inaddition

B.Forexample

C.Inotherwords

D.Initsplace

51.

A.peaked

B.plunged

C.persisted

D.paused

52.

A.sufficient

B.efficient

C.constant

D.adequate

53.

A.impressed

B.involved

C.concerned

D.appointed

54.

A.callfor

B.contributeto

C.warnagainst

D.referto

55.

A.setting

B.overstepping

C.extending

D.redrawing

readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

EveryAprilIamtroubledbythesameconcern-thatspringmightnotoccurthisyear.helandscapelooksdull,withhills,skyandforestappearinggray.Myspiritsebb,astheydidduringanAprilsnowfallwhenIfirstcametoMaine15yearsago."

Justwait,"

aneighboradvised."

You'

llwakeuponemorningandspringwilljustbehere."

Andlook,onMay3thatyearIawoketoagreensoamazingastobealmostelectric,asifspringweresimplyamatterofflippingaswitch.Hills,skyandforestrevealedtheirpurples,bluesandgreen.Leaveshadunfoldedanddaffodilswerefightingtheirwayheavenward.

Thentherewastheoldappletree.Itsitsonanundevelopedlotinmyneighborhood.Itbelongstonooneandthereforetoeveryone.Thetree'

sdarktwistedbranchesstretchinunpruned（未经修剪的）abandon.Eachspringitblossomssofreelythattheairbecomesfilledwiththescentofapple.

Untillastyear,IthoughtIwastheonlyoneawareofthistree.Andthenoneday,inafitofspringmadness,Isetoutwithprunertoremoveafewdisorderlybranches.NosoonerhadIarrivedunderitsboughsthanneighborsopenedtheirwindowsandsteppedontotheirporches.ThesewerepeopleIbarelyknewandseldomspoketo,butitwasasifIhadcomeuninvitedintotheirpersonal