上海市八校届高三上学期联考英语试题Word文件下载.docx
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Whatexactlyisatwentieth-centuryromance?
Doesithaveanyrelationshipwiththelively,popularnovelswrittentoday,withtheirfantasticplotsofloveaffairs?
OrdidtheplaywrightOscarWildehaveitrightinThePictureofDorianGray:
”Whenoneisinlove,onealwaysbeginsbydeceiving(30)andonealwaysendsbydeceivingothers.Thatiswhattheworldcallsaromance.”
SectionB
completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcannlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.astonishinglyB.surroundingC.collapseD.unnoticedE.interrupted
F.previouslyG.congratulateH.predictionsI.potentialJ.producing
K.properties
InthewakeofthehistoricannouncementofthediscoveryofgravitationalwavesonFebruary11,2016bytheLaserInterferometerGravitational-WaveObservatory(LIGO),BritishphysicistandblackholetheoristStephenHawkingwasquickto31theUS-ledcollaboration,sharinghisexcitementforthehistoricnews.
AccordingtoHawking,theseresultsconfirmseveralveryimportant32ofEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativityanditalsoconfirmstheexistenceofgravitationalwavesdirectly.
Asisbecomingclear,thedirectdetectionoftheseripplesinspacetimenotonlyconfirmsEinstein’sfamoustheoryofgeneraltheorybutitalsoopensoureyestoa(n)33“dark”universe.Astronomersemploytheelectromagneticspectrum(电磁光谱)tostudytheuniverse,butobjectsthatdonotradiateintheelectromagneticspectrumwillgo34.Butnowweknowhowtodetectgravitationalwaves,whichcanhelpusdetectandstudysomeofthemostenergeticcosmicphenomena.
“Gravitationalwavesprovideacompletelynewwayoflookingattheuniverseandtheabilitytodetectthemhasthe35torevolutionizeastronomy”saidHawking.“Thediscoveryisthefirstobservationofblackholesmerging.Theobserved36ofthissystemareconsistentwithpredictionsaboutblackholesthatImadein1970inCambridge.”
However,thisdiscoveryalsopresentsapuzzleforastrophysicists.Themassofeachoftheblackholesarelargerthanexpectedforthoseformedbythegravitational37ofastar---sohowdidbothoftheseblackholesbecomesomassive?
Thisquestiontouchesononeofthebiggestmysterious38blackholeevolution.Currently,astronomersarehavingahardtimeunderstandinghowblackholesgrowtobesomassive.Ontheoneendofthescale,thereare“stellarmass(恒星质量)”blackholesthatformimmediatelyafteramassivestarexplodes,39anextremelybrightlight.Andwealsohaveanabundanceofevidencefortheexistenceofthesuper-massivethatliveinthecentersofmostgalaxies.Thereshouldbeevidenceofblackholesofallsizes,but“intermediatemass”blackholesandblackholesofafewdozensolarmassesare40rare,throwingsomeblackholesevolutiontheoriesintodoubt.
Onethingisclear,however.Thisisthefirsttimethatwe’veacquireddirectevidenceofablackholemerger.Soit’sgoodtoknowwe’reontherighttrack.
III.ReadingComprehension
SectionA(15*1=15分)
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Cowboyorspaceman?
Adilemmaforachildren’sparty,perhaps.Butalsoaquestionforeconomists,arguedKennethBoulding,inanessaypublishedin1996.Wehaverunour_41__,hewarned,likecowboysontheopengrassland:
takingandusingtheworld’sresources,___42___thatmoreliesoverthehorizon.ButtheEarthis__43__agrasslandthanaspaceship--aclosedsystem,aloneinspace,carryingexhaustiblesupplies.Weneed,saidBoulding,aneconomicsthattakesseriouslytheideaofenvironmental___44___.Inthehalfcenturysincehisessay,anewmovementhasrespondedtohischallenge.“Ecologicaleconomists,”astheycallthemselves,wantto___45___itsaimsandassumptions.Whatdotheysay--andwilltheirideastakeoff?
Toits__46__,ecologicaleconomicsisneitherecologynoreconomics,butamixofboth.Theirstartingpointistorecognizethatthehumaneconomyispartofthenaturalworld.Ourenvironment,theynote,isbothasourceofresourcesandasinkforwastes.Butitis__47__intraditionaltextbooks,whereneatdiagramstracetheflowsbetweenfirms,householdsandthegovernmentasthoughnaturedidnotexist.Thatisahugemistake.
Therearetwowaysoureconomiescangrow,ecologicaleconomistspointout:
throughtechnologicalchange,orthroughmaximumuseofresources.Onlythe__48__,theysay,isworthhaving.TheyaresuspiciousofGDP(grossdomesticproduct),asimple___49___whichdoesnottakeintoaccountresourceexhaustion,unpaidworkandcountlessotherfactors.__50___,theyadvocatemoreholisticapproaches,suchasGPI(genuineprogressindicator),acomposite(复合的)indexthatincludethingslikethecostofpollution,deforestationandcaraccidents.WhileGDPhaskeptgrowing,globalGPIperperson___51___in1978:
bydestroyingourenvironment,wearemakingourselvespoorer,notricher.Thesolution,accordingtoexpert,liesina“steady-state”economy,wheretheuseofmaterialsandenergyisheld__52__.
Mainstreameconomistsarenot___53___.GPI,theypointout,isasubjectivestandard.AndtalkoflimitstogrowthhashadabadpresssincethedaysofThomasMalthus,whopredictedinthe18thcentury,wrongly,thatoverpopulationwouldleadtofamine.Humanbeingsfindsolutionstosomeofthemostannoyingproblems.Butecologicaleconomists____54__self-satisfaction.In2009,apaperinNaturearguedthathumanactivityisalready__55__ecologisteconomistsareatleastaskingsomeimportantquestions,eveniftheiranswersturnouttobewrong.
41.
A.grassland
B.nation
C.economy
D.spaceship
42.
A.ignorant
B.confident
C.astonished
D.Anxious
43.
A.less
B.smaller
C.more
D.larger
44.
A.movements
B.influences
C.limits
D.threats
45.
A.reject
B.realize
C.resemble
D.revolutionize
46.
A.challengers
B.learners
C.advocates
D.professors
47.
A.addressed
B.ignored
C.opposed
D.reflected
48.
A.advanced
B.former
C.latter
D.scientific
49.
A.number
B.product
C.idea
D.measure
50.
A.Inaddition
B.Forexample
C.Inotherwords
D.Initsplace
51.
A.peaked
B.plunged
C.persisted
D.paused
52.
A.sufficient
B.efficient
C.constant
D.adequate
53.
A.impressed
B.involved
C.concerned
D.appointed
54.
A.callfor
B.contributeto
C.warnagainst
D.referto
55.
A.setting
B.overstepping
C.extending
D.redrawing
readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
(A)
EveryAprilIamtroubledbythesameconcern-thatspringmightnotoccurthisyear.helandscapelooksdull,withhills,skyandforestappearinggray.Myspiritsebb,astheydidduringanAprilsnowfallwhenIfirstcametoMaine15yearsago."
Justwait,"
aneighboradvised."
You'
llwakeuponemorningandspringwilljustbehere."
Andlook,onMay3thatyearIawoketoagreensoamazingastobealmostelectric,asifspringweresimplyamatterofflippingaswitch.Hills,skyandforestrevealedtheirpurples,bluesandgreen.Leaveshadunfoldedanddaffodilswerefightingtheirwayheavenward.
Thentherewastheoldappletree.Itsitsonanundevelopedlotinmyneighborhood.Itbelongstonooneandthereforetoeveryone.Thetree'
sdarktwistedbranchesstretchinunpruned(未经修剪的)abandon.Eachspringitblossomssofreelythattheairbecomesfilledwiththescentofapple.
Untillastyear,IthoughtIwastheonlyoneawareofthistree.Andthenoneday,inafitofspringmadness,Isetoutwithprunertoremoveafewdisorderlybranches.NosoonerhadIarrivedunderitsboughsthanneighborsopenedtheirwindowsandsteppedontotheirporches.ThesewerepeopleIbarelyknewandseldomspoketo,butitwasasifIhadcomeuninvitedintotheirpersonal