八年级下英语现在完成时讲解及练习Word格式文档下载.docx
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特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
三、现在完成时态的用法
1、用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态,而其结果却和现在有联系:
动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在,可以和already,never,ever,just,before,yet等副词连用。
例如:
Theyhaveleft.(他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)
Ihavehadmylunch.(我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)
Hehasseenthefilm.Sohewon’tgowithus.(看电影发生在过去,但现在仍然记得它的内容。
)
already与yet都有“已经”的意思,但already常用于肯定句,并用于句中。
yet常用于否定句和疑问句,并用于句末。
Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.
Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet
2、表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。
Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.
我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.
自从2002年Mr.Black一直住在中国。
Howlonghaveyoubeenhere你来这里多久了
注意:
此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外)。
(1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。
错误:
Ihaveboughtthebookforthreemonths.
正确:
Ihavehadthebookforthreemonths.
(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了
Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy
Howlonghasyourbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier
四、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别
1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;
现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
Isawthisfilmyesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了。
)
Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。
2一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;
现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterdaylastweek,...ago,
in1990,inOctober,justnow,
现在完成时的时间状语:
for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,
inthepastfewyears,already,
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday,last,week,in1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时
(错)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.(对)Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。
ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的)
ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续)
ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).是团员的状态可持续)
比较since和for
since用来说明动作起始时间—“自从……”,for用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”。
在有for和since引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词,应用与之相应的表示状态的词
Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.
比较have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和
havebeenin
have(has)been表示“曾去过某地,已经从那里回来了”,可以和ever、never、twice等连用。
have(has)gone表示“已经去了某地,在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来[注意]:
第三人称”。
have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:
since,for,howlong等
HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海
HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)
HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)
Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了
一、单项选择。
1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'
shappenedtohim.
A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow
2、Hehas___beentoShanghai,hashe
A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still
3、HaveyoumetMr.Li____
A.JustB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago
4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.
A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten
5、—Ourcountry____alotsofar.
—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.
A.haschanged;
wellB.changed;
goodC.haschanged;
betterD.changed;
better
6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.
A.was;
studyingB.will;
studyC.has;
studiedD.are;
studying
7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.
A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew
8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_____twice.
A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see
9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.
—ReallyWhen_____there
A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone
10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet—Yes.I_____itamomentago.
A.Did;
do;
finishedB.Have;
done;
finishedC.Have;
havefinishedD.will;
finish
11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.
A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin
12、—Doyouknowhimwell —Sure.We______friendssincetenyearsago.
A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade
13、—Howlonghaveyou____here
—Abouttwomonths.
A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived
14、Hurryup!
Theplay__________fortenminutes.
A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began
15、It___tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.
A.IsB.hasC.willD.was
16、MissGreenisn'
tintheoffice.She_______tothelibrary.
A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen
17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.
A.havebeeninB.havebeento C.havegonetoD.havebeen
18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,____
A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey
19、hasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina
A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived
20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.
A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity
二、句型转换。
1、Hehasneversurfed,____________(改成反意疑问句)
2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(提问)___________havetheybeenhere
3、Theoldman_________lastyear.He____________forayear.(die)(动词填空)
4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)
Thisfactory____________________fortwentyyears.
5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)
MissGao____________________anhourago.
6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.(同义句)
Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.
8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
A)用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。
A:
Where____________LiFei___________
B:
He____________toHainanIsland.
Howlong___________he___________there
He_____________thereforthreedays.
Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow
I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.
CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland
Sorry,I_________never___________there.
Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace
He_____________thereonlyonce.
B)用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto的各种形式填空。
1)WhereisJackHe__________hiscountry.
2)John_______Englandsincehecameback.
3)Howlong_____have_____thisvillage
4)TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.
5)_____youever____America--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.
6)I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.
A)按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词
①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.→beinsw.
come/go/movetosw.---behere/bethere
1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.
He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.
2)ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.
I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.
3)Iwenthomeyesterday.
I________________________homefor___________________.
4)Theycameherelastweek.
They__________________heresince___________________.
②come/goback,return→bebackcome/goout→beout
1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.
He____________________________for____________________.
2)WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.
We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.
③become→be
1)Ibecameateacherin2000.
I__________________ateacherfor__________________.
2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.
Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.
④close→beclosedopen→beopen
1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.
Theshop__________________________for__________________.
2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.
Thedoor________________________forsixhours.
⑤getup→beupdie→bedead
leavesw.→beawayfromsw.
fallasleep/gettosleep→beasleep
finish/end→beovermarry→bemarried
1)Igotuptwohoursago.
I________________________since________________.
2)HeleftFuzhoujustnow.
He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.
3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.
Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.
4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.
Themeeting____________________forsixhours.
5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.
I__________________________since___________________.
6)Theymarriedin1990.
They___________________________since_________.
⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.begin→beon
1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.
I________atthisschoolsince____.
2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.
Thefilm____________for________.
⑦borrow→keeplose→nothavebuy→haveputon→wearcatch/getacold→haveacold
gettoknow→know
1)Theyborroweditlastweek.
They__________________itsince____________________.
2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.
I__________________apenfor__________________.
3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.
I___________________himsince____________________.
4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.
I____________________myglassesfor__________________.
⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
1)HehasgonetoBeijing.
He_____________Beijingfortwodays.
⑨jointheParty/thearmy
→beaPartymember/asoldier
→beamemberofttheParty
→beintheParty/thearmy
1.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.
Mybrother____