英语国家概况教案总Word版Word文档格式.docx

英语国家概况教案总Word版Word文档格式.docx

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Language,customs,religionandactivitiesandsocialproblems

Politicalsystem

Education

Artsandliterature

Economy

TeachingMethods:

generalintroduction/briefaccount（offocalpoints/asurvey）bytheteacher;

students’individualwork;

pair-work;

group-workin4-6students,analysisofdifficultpointsbytheteacher;

showmaps;

playvideoorfilmconcerningwiththecorrespondingcultures

linkwithwebsites

TimeAllotment

generalintroduction/briefaccount（offocalpoints/asurvey）bytheteacherinthefirststep;

studentsreadthetextorextramaterialstodiscussthefocalpointsinthesecondstep

playvideoo/filmorlinkwebsitestoexplorethemorecultureinthethirdstep

TheUnitedStatesofAmerica

Chapter1AmericanBeginning

FocalPoints

MeaningofthebeinganAmericanaccordingtoCrevecoeur

TwoimmigrationmovementstotheAmericas

ThereligiousReformation

TheforcesthatbroughtaboutthemoderndevelopmentofEurope

TheheritageofthesettlementofVirginian

PuritanismandtheinfluenceofPuritanismonAmericanculture

WilliamPennandhisheritageinAmericanculture

TheCausesandmajorleaderoftheAmericanrevolution

TheDeclarationofIndependence

I.MeaningofthebeinganAmericanaccordingtoCrevecoeur

Inthebook,LettersfromanAmericanFormer,theFrenchtheologyGrevecoeur,posedtheAmericanwasanewmanwiththestrangemixedbloodofEuropeansortheirdescendants.ThismewmanleftbehindhimalltheancientEuropeantraditionsandreceivednewonesinthenewworld.InNorthAmerica,allindividualsofallnations,weremeltedintoanewraceoftheAmerican.Thisnewmanacteduponnewprinciples,entertainednewideasandformednewoptions.

II.TwoimmigrationmovementstotheAmericas

TheAmericancontinentswerepeopledasresultoftwolongcontinuingimmigrationmovements,thefirstfromAsia,andthesecondfromEuropeandAfrica.

III.TheforcesthatbroughtaboutthemoderndevelopmentofEurope

1.thedevelopmentofcapitalism（economicsysteminwhichacountry’stradeandindustryarecontrolledbyprivateownersforprofit,ratherthanbythestate）,thegrowthofcapitalismproducedtwonewclasses–thebourgeoisclassandtheworkingclass;

2.theRenaisance（theperiodoftherevivalofartandliteratureinthe14th,15thand16thcenturiesbasedonclassicalform）,whichwasmarkedbyachangingoutlookonlife.

3.theinfluentialforcewastheReligiousReformation

in1517,MartinLuther,startedtoreformtheCatholicChurchinEngland,KingHenryVIIIbrokeawayfromtheRomanCatholicChurchandsetuptheChurchofEngland,ThesereformsreflectedtheriseofnationalisminEurope.

IV.TheheritageofthesettlementofVirginian

in1619,thedelegateselectedfromvariouscommunitiesinVirginiaastheHouseofBurgessesmetwiththegovernorandhiscouncilmemberstodiscusstheenactmentoflawforthecolony.Thisthefirstmeetingofanelectedlegislature,areprehensiveassembly.ItwasthoughttobetheearlyembryonicformforthefuturedemocracyoftheU.S.

AndaDutchshipbroughtover20NegroesintoVirginia,astarthadbeenmadetowardtheenslavementofAfricanswithinwhatwastobetheAmericanrepublic.Thesewhitepeoplefoughtforseekingtheirownfreedom,meanwhiletheydeprivedblackAfricanfreedom

WhathappenedhereproducedtheAmericanearlyculture:

self-reliance;

democracy;

freedom

V.PuritanismandtheinfluenceofPuritanismonAmericanculture

InNewEngland,thesePuritansweretheProtestantswhofollowedthedoctrinepreachedbyJohnCalvinandtheywantedtopurifytheChurchofEngland.TheyhadsomedifferentbeliefsfromtheCatholicChurch.TheybelievedthathumanbeingswerepredestinedbyGodbeforetheywereborn.SomewereGod'

schosenpeoplewhileothersweredamnedtohell.Nochurchorgoodworkscouldsavepeople.

ThesignofbeingGod'

selectwasthesuccessinhisworkortheprosperityinhiscalling.TheyalsoarguedthateveryonemustreadtheBibleinordertofindGod'

swillandestablishadirectcontactwithGod.ThesebeliefshadgreatimpactonAmericanculture.Puritans’legacieshaveagreatimpactonAmericansocietyandculture.Theyhaveakindofsenseofmission:

theyhopedtobuilt“acityuponhill–anidealcommunity”.Americanshaveviewedtheircountryasagreatexperiment,aworthymodelforothernationastrainofoftenintolerantmoralism.ThisproduceAmericanvaluessuchasindividualism,hardwork,respectofeducation.

CatholicMaryland

FollowingtheearlyAmericancultureinVirginiaandNewEngland,thepatterninthecolonyofMarylandwasfoundedbyCatholics.ThefounderwasthesecondLordBaltimore,hecarriedhisfather’swill,whowasconvertedfromChurchofEnglandtoRomanCatholicism,towishtointroduceafeudalsystemsimilartothemanorsysteminEuropetohiscolony.EventhoughheencouragedtheimmigrationofProtestantsaswellasRomanCatholics,duetothevariousfactorsintheNewLand,becausetheProtestantsmajoritywerecapitalistic-mindedpeopleandrefusedtocarryoutthefeudalplan,andbecausethewildernessofNorthAmericaprovidedplentyoflandwhilelaborwasscarce,thefeudalexperimentalplanwasdropped,thecolonyfolloweda

capitalistdevelopmentroad

VI.WilliamPennandhisheritageinAmericanculture

WilliamPennwasanEnglishQuaker,thefounderofQuakerism,whowantedtoestablishacolonyforpersecutedfellowreligiousbelievers.HeassuredreligiousfreedomandeasytermsforlandinPennsylvaniatothoseEuropeanswhowishedtosettleinhiscolony.InhisHolyExperiment,heencouragedthespiritoflibertyandequalityandcarriedoutthepolicyofseparationofstateandchurch.Hesetnorestrictionsonimmigrationandnaturalizationwasmadeeasyfornon-EnglishEuropeans.TheideaofMelting–potwasfirstpracticedhere（p16,Note60）.AllthishasleftrichheritagetoAmericanculture:

libertyandequality

ThosefourpatternssetbytheearlycolonialleaderswerefilledwithmeaningsforthefuturedevelopmentoftheAmerican

VII.TheCausesofAmericanrevolutionandmajorleaders

AftertheSevenYear’sWarbetweenEnglandandFrance,Britainwon,thePeaceofPariswassignedbetweenthem,whichgaveBritaintitletoCanadaandallofNorthAmericaeastoftheMississippiRiver,ThisleddirectlytoaconflictwithitsAmericancolony.

StampActwaspassed,Britishgovernmentchargednewtaxesonsugar,coffee,textilesandotherimportedgoods;

andWithpassageoftheStampActspecialtaxstampshadtobeattachedtoallnews-papers,pamphlets,legaldocumentsandlicenses

TheQuarteringActpassed,thecoloniestohouseandfeedBritishsoldiers.

majorleaders

GeorgeWashington,ThomasJefferson,（JohnAdams）,BenjaminFranklin

VIII.TheDeclarationofIndependence

TheDeclarationofIndependencewasmainlydraftedbyThomasJeffersonandwasadoptedbytheCongressonJuly4,1776,whenthepeopleof13EnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericawerefightingfortheirfreedomandindependencefromtheBritishcolonialrule.Thedocumentdeclaredthatallmenwereequalandthattheywereentitledtohavesomeunalienablerightssuchaslife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Italsoexplainedthephilosophyofgovernments:

thepowersofgovernmentscamefromtheconsentofthegovernedandthepurposeofgovernmentswastosecuretherightsmentionedabove.ThetheoryofpoliticsandtheguidingprinciplesoftheAmericanRevolutionmainlycamefromJohnLocke.

AnEssayConcerningHumanUnderstanding

TwoTreatisesofGovernment,theLettersConcerningToleration,TheReasonablenessofChristianityandSomeThoughtsConcerningEducation.

Unit4theUnitedStatesPoliticalSystem

（Note:

P=page,L-Par.=lastparagraph,F-Par.=firstparagraph）

Discuss"

ThePatriot"

PointsofDiscussion-AmericanBeginnings

ThePoliticalSystemoftheUSA:

TheResultsoftheWarofIndependence（p44L-par,p52F-paragraph）

TheResultsoftheConstitutionalConvention

ThebackgroundofthemakingoftheU.S.Constitution（p53Par2,54Par1,2）Par2,s1,2）andthetwofearinwritingtheConstitution（（p55par2,3,4）

Thethreebranchesofthefederalgovernmentandtheirfunction

Thereasonsforchecksandbalance

TheBillofRights（p58L-Par）

Politicalparties

OverviewoftheUnitedStatesPoliticalSystem

TheUSistheoldestcontinuousdemocracyintheworld.Itwasestablishedin1789,althoughnotallfeaturesofthesystemwereasdemocraticastheyarenow.

KeyFacts

∙TheUSisaFederalsystem.Thismeansthatpowerisdividedbetweenacentral/nationalgovernmentandtheStates.ThenationalgovernmentisreferredtoastheFederalGovernment.

∙Thereare50States.（Acompletelistishere.Thelistoforiginal13Statesishere.）

∙TheFederalGovernmenthasthreebranches/arms:

oLegislativeBranch

oExecutiveBranch

oJudicialBranch

∙TheLegislativeBranchconsistsof:

oHouseofRepresentatives

oSenate

∙TheExecutiveBranchconsistsof:

oThePresident

oTheCabinet

oTheFederalDepartmentsandAgencies

∙TheJudicialBranchconsistsof:

oTheSupremeCourt

oOtherFederalCourts

∙Theparties

I.Thebackgro