英国政治制度详解.pptx

英国政治制度详解.pptx

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,PoliticalsystemofUK,2,FactsandinformationabouttheUK,Warmingup,3,Englandissometimes,wrongly,usedinreferencetothewholeUnitedKingdom,theentireislandofGreatBritain（orsimplyBritain）,orindeedtheBritishIsles.ThisisnotonlyincorrectbutcancauseoffencetopeoplefromotherpartsoftheUK,WhyisEnglandortheUKsometimescalledBritain?

HistoryofthemakingoftheUK,ScotlandandEnglandhadseparateMonarchsuntil1603,whenQueenElizabethIdiedwithoutanyheirs.ThenextinlineofsuccessiontotheEnglishthronewasJamesVI,KingofScotswhobecameknownasJamesIinEngland.JameswasalsoKingofIrelandandofFranceatthesametime.HeistheKingthatGuyFawkesandtheothermembersoftheGunpowderplottriedtokillonNovember5th1605,whichiswhywerememberonGuyFawkesnight.ScotlandandEngland,togetherwithWalesunitedbytheActofunionpassedbytheScottishParliamentandWestminsterin1707toformtheKingdomofGreatBritain.TheIrishParliamentvotedtojointheUnionin1801whentheKingdomofGreatBritainbecametheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.ThefullnameoftheUKthenchangedin1922whenmostoftheSoutherncountiesinIrelandchooseindependenceandultimatelybecamewhatisnowtheRepublicofIreland,leavingtheUKastheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.4,5,TheUKsfullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.GreatBritaincomprisesonlyEngland,ScotlandandWales,GreatBritainisthelargestislandoftheBritishIsles.,6,UnionJack,TheUnionFlag,popularlyknownastheUnionJack,isthenationalflagoftheUnitedKingdom.ItiscalledtheUnionFlagbecauseitsymbolisestheadministrativeunionofthecountriesoftheUnitedKingdom.ItismadeupoftheindividualFlagsofthreeoftheKingdomscountriesallunitedunderoneSovereign-thecountriesofEngland,ofScotlandandofNorthernIreland（since1921onlyNorthernIrelandhasbeenpartoftheUnitedKingdom）.AsWaleswasnotaKingdombutaPrincipalityitcouldnotbe,includedontheflag.,7,8,TheUKissituatednorth-westoftheEuropeancontinentbetweentheAtlanticOceanandtheNorthSea.Ithasatotallandareaof244,100squarekilometres,ofwhichnearly99%islandandtheremainderinlandwater.Fromnorthtosouthitisabout1,000kilometreslong.,WhereistheUK?

（TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland）,9,GreatBritainistheofficialnamegiventothetwokingdomsofEnglandandScotland,andtheprincipalityofWales.ItisanislandlyingoffthewesterncoastofEurope,comprisingthemainterritoryoftheUnitedKingdom.GreatBritainismadeupof:

England-ThecapitalisLondon.Scotland-ThecapitalisEdinburgh.Wales-ThecapitalisCardiff.,WhatisGreatBritain,10,parliamentjustforEngland.,WhereisEngland?

Englandisinnorth-westEuropeandisinthesouthernpartofGreatBritain.ItisanislandcountryandalsopartoftheUnitedKingdom（UK）.EnglandisthelargestcountryinGreatBritainandtheUK.Itissometimes,wrongly,usedinreferencetothewholeUnitedKingdom,theentireislandofGreatBritain,orindeedtheBritishIsles.Nearly84%ofthepopulationoftheUKlivesinEngland,mainlyinthemajorcitiesandmetropolitanareas.DoesEnglandhaveitsowngovernment?

Englandhasnothadaseparatepoliticalidentitysince1707,whenGreatBritainwasestablishedasapoliticalentity.Thereisnogovernmentor,FactsaboutEngland,Scotlandisinnorth-westEuropeandispartofGreatBritain,anislandcountryandtheUnitedKingdomScotlandisamountainouscountryinthenorthoftheislandofGreatBritainandsharesalandbordertothesouthwithEnglandandisboundedbytheNorthSeaontheeastandtheAtlanticOceanonthewest.ItscapitalcityisEdinburgh.Scotlandhassome790islands-130inhabited.11,FactsaboutScotland,WhereisWales?

Walesisinnorth-westEuropeandispartofGreatBritain,anislandcountryandtheUnitedKingdom（UK）.WalesisamountainouscountryonthewesternsideofGreatBritain,andisborderedbyEnglandtotheeast,theBristolChanneltothesouth,StGeorgesChannelinthewest,andtheIrishSeatothenorth.Technically,Walesisaprincipality.Thismeansthatitisruledbyaprince.TraditionallythePrinceofWalesistheeldestsonoftheEnglishmonarch.Waleshasnotbeenpoliticallyindependentsince1282,whenitwasconqueredbyKingEdwardIofEngland.Until1999,WaleswasruleddirectlyfromLondon;thatyearsawthefirstelectionstotheNationalAssemblyofWales,whichhaslimiteddomesticpowersandcannotmakelaw.Walesdoesnotissueitsowncurrencyandisnotincontrolofanyarmedforces.ThesearethepowersofthenationalgovernmentoftheUK.12,FactsaboutWales,13,ApartoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandinthenorth-eastoftheislandofIreland.Itisvariouslydescribedasacountry,province,orregio