中考英语阅读理解解题技巧Word文件下载.docx
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1、细节事实题题干常见的问句形式
1)TrueorNOTtrue是非判断类型WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueWhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredas……Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthereasonsfor……
2)特殊疑问词提问类型Howmany……What/who/when/where/how/why……
3)排序题类型Whichoftheordersiscorrectaccordingtothepassage
4)例证题类型Theauthorgivestheexamplein……paragraphinorderto……
5)表唯一细节概念题类型:
……themost/~est…………theonly……
2、细节事实题的解题方法:
做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字,一般为数字、大写或人名地名,再通过scanning快速确定该细节在文中的出处(信息源),仔细对照题干要求,排除或选择。
命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生,即对原句细微处做改动,截取原文词语或结构进行改造,因果倒置,把A的观点说成B的观点等。
所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。
细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分,如定语、状语、补语等,这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。
是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。
若该信息句是长句或难句,要学会找出其主干部分,分析句子结构,正确理解信息句的意义。
一定要注意的是,要所答是所问,不要受到惯势思维的影响,习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实,切记要弄清问题,不要所答非所问。
例证题一定要注意以forexample……,suchas……等关键入手处,找出细节出处。
排序题要先仔细观察选项,找出首尾相同的选项分组,进而通过具体细节信息比较进行排除和选择。
唯一细节题一定要仔细审题,弄清题干所需。
特别需要提醒的是,选项中出现有most(最高级)、theonly(唯一)、all(所有)、none(全否)修饰的细节,都具有绝对性,选择判断时要慎选。
Neil/Canada:
Ilikesummerbest.It’sverycoolinmyhometown,andit’snicetohavealongandsunnysummer.Therearealotofoutdooractivitiesyoucantakepartin,suchasgoingcamping.Myleastfavouriteiswinter,becauseit’sprettycold,andyoudon’twanttogooutside.
43.What’stheweatherlikeinNeil’shometowninsummer
A.WetB.CoolC.WindyD.Cloudy
2主旨大意
此类题型用以考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。
其中一类题型为主旨问题。
1、主旨大意题题干常见的问句形式
1)主旨句设问类型WhatisthemainideaofthispassageWhatdoesthepassagemailytalkaboutWecanconclude/learnfromthepassagethat……
2)最佳标题选择类型Thebesttitleforthispassageis……
3)作者主旨意图类型WhatdoesthewriterwanttotellusWhichcanexpressthepurposeofthewriteraccordingtothepassage
2、主旨大意题的解题方法
主旨大意题一定要注意文章的首尾两段。
如果首尾两段的主旨表达是一致的,那么文章的主旨便是两段重复表明的语句内容表达。
找出选项中与归纳的主旨表达重复最多的选项即为最佳答案。
如果首尾两段的主旨表达不一致,则需要观察文章的段落篇幅量是倾向于首段或是尾段,从而确定主旨段落。
在此过程中,观察篇幅量只需跳读文章段落的首句尾句即可,无需细读段落内容,以节省时间。
如果文章只有一段,则注意文章的首两句及尾句,然后用以上的方法确定主旨句。
此外,标题选择即为主旨句的压缩表达,注意抓住主旨句进行主要词汇的提炼,把一个句子提炼为几个关键词,即是对主旨大意进行概括归纳的标题。
而作者意图表达必须通过归纳中心主题才能找到,通常体现为advise,convince,present,propose,warn等。
DoyouenjoyvisitingamuseumDidyouevermakeaplanbeforeavisitEverymuseummusthavesomethingthatattractsyou.Andtherearemanypossiblewaystoenjoyyourselfinamuseum.
Ifyoufollowthesestepsbelow,you'
llknowwhatisworthseeinganddoing,sothatyoucanmakethemostofyourtimeatthemuseum.
Decidewhatmuseumyouwillvisit.Therearesomanydifferentkindsofmuseumsandyoufirstneedtofindonethatyoulike.It'
seasyforyoutochooseoneandstartanenjoyablevisit!
Dosomeresearchonline.Everymuseumnowhasawebsitewhichallowsyoutolookthroughtheinformationaboutit.Onthewebsite,youmaylookforsuchthingsas:
Theexhibits(展品)–Seewhatisonshowatthemuseumatalltimes,andwhatspecialexhibitionsareheldforashorttime.
Thehistoryofthemuseum–Therewilloftenbeveryinterestingstoriesabouttheexhibitsandthebenefactors(捐赠者).Thatcanmakeyourvisitmoreinteresting.
Activities–Seewhethertherearetalks,toursourspecialactivitiesonthedaywhenyouvisit.Manymuseumsholdsomeactivitiesthatmeettheinterestsofallagegroups.
Cost,foodorshortage–It'
simportanthowmuchthevisitwillcost.Youhavetodecidewhetherornotyoucaneatthere.Youmightalsoneedtofindouttransportationneeds,aswellasstorageforcoats,bagsetc.
Learnatleastonethingonyourvisit.Itisalwaysgoodtotakeawaysomethingnewfromyourvisit.
Planbreaksintoyourvisit.Whenyouwalkaround,standinghereandstudyingexhibitsthere,youmaybecomeverytired.Soitisimportanttotakebreaks.Abreakisagoodopportunityforyoutothinkofwhatyouhaveseenandwhatelseyoumightwanttodoinmuseum.
Takeafriendortwo.Visitingmuseumsisalwaysalotmorefunwhenyouarewithsomeoneelse.Youcantalkoverwhatyou’reseeing.Afriendalsobringsanotherwayofthinkingwhenyoutalkabouttheexhibit.
wevisitamuseumwithfriends,wecan____.
A.sharetheexperiencewiththemB.comeupwithstrangeideas
C.cutdownthecostofthevisitD.discussthenextvisitplan
3推理判断 此类题的关键是要注意原文出现的语句不是我们做出的推理判断,而是原文给出的细节信息,所以原文语句不能选。
判断时对已知的事实仔细评价后做出的合理决定并非唯一决定,要对事实进行合乎情理的判断,有时还需借助常识进行判断。
推理判断题分两种,即对细节的推理和对主旨的推理。
主要以Wecaninfer/imply/learnfromthispassagethat……等进行提问。
解决此类题要注意,一是与原文相同的细节不能选,二是文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断。
解题过程中只要注意上述两点,再结合做细节和主旨的方法,即可以做出推理判断题。
NewTechnologyRevolutionizes(变革)Learning
Moreandmorepeoplebelievethattechnologiesaregreatforlearning.Today,suchteachingtoolsasiPadsareusedinalotofcourses,includinglanguage,historyandscience.
ManyteachersaresupportersofusingiPadsinlanguagelearning.Theysaythatstudentsnowhavemuchmoretimefordiscussionintheofspendingvaluableclasstimelisteningtotextsorwatchingteachingvideos,studentscandothisontheirownandcometoclasspreparedfordiscussion.
TheteachersalsosaythatiPadsallowstudentstolearnattheirownpace.Somestudentsmightlistentoadialogueonlyonceandunderstandit,sotheycansavetimefordoingotherthings.Otherstudents,however,mightneedtolistentothesamedialogueagainandagaintounderstandit.UsingiPadsisespeciallyhelpfultostudentswhoarelearningalanguageatdifferentpaces.
Thestudentswhoareusingthenewtoolinsomecoursesarealsohappy.TheybelievethatusingiPadsisamoreenjoyablewaytolearn(suchaslisteningtostoriesandwatchingmovies).Theclasshasbecomemuchmoreinterestingandcreative.
Thereareotheradvantagesforstudents.ByusingiPads,theycanpaymoreattentiontothematerialandlearnmore.TeachingnotesarestoredintheiriPadsandareeasytofind.Somestudentsspendmoretimestudyingnow.“Icanlistentomylanguagematerialorwatchteachingvideosonthebus,insteadofhavingtowaituntilIgethome,”astudentexplained.
ManyadultscomplainthattechnologiessuchasiPadsaredoingharmtostudents.TheyworrythatstudentsmightuseiPadstodownloadteachingnotesandusethemtocheatduringexams.SomebelievethatiPadsmayseparatestudentsfromeachother.IfastudentspendsmoretimewatchingvideosonaniPad,hewillhavefeweropportunitiestohaveface-to-facecommunicationwithothers.
However,technologiesarealreadyapartofmoststudents’day-to-daylives.Asforcheating,teacherscanaskstudentstohandintheiriPadswhentheytakeexams.Educationneedstomakechangeswiththetimesastechnologyisplayinganimportantpart.WeshouldlookforwardtoawonderfulfuturewheniPadsandothertechnologiescanaddalottotheclassroom.
54.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat____.
A.studentswithiPadshavelessdiscussioninclass
B.studentsgetmorefunfromlearningwithiPads
C.iPadshelpstudentssavetimewaitingforbuses
D.iPadspreventstudentsfromcheatinginexams
55.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat____.
A.teacherscantakecontrolofstudents’learning
B.examresultsdependalotonnowtechnology
C.technologyineducationhasabrightfuture
D.note-takingisashelpfulasvideo-watching
4词义猜测题
词义猜测是利用上下文语境对某些生词、难句做出推测和判断。
该题旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇的能力,因而,所考单词的意义通常超出大纲范围。
常见形式有:
Theword/phrase……means/refersto……Fromthepassage,wecaninfertheword……isclosestinmeaningto……Whatdoestheword……inparagraph……mean
要做好此类题,要注意,第一要熟练掌握大纲单词,平时注意积累生词和短语。
第二,要把词放到句子里,把句子放在句群里。
第三,注意词、句的位置,确定结构关系。
第四,要善于利用连词、代词及词性、同义词法、反义词法等进行判断选择。
记者李楠采写整理
53.Whatdoestheexpression”attheirownpace”inParagraph3probablymean
A.Accordingtotheirowntimetable.B.Withouttheirteachers’help.
C.Becauseoftheirwonderfulgoals.D.Againsttheirparents’hope.