山西省陵川第一中学校等四校年高一下学期期末考试英语精校解析Word版Word文档格式.docx

山西省陵川第一中学校等四校年高一下学期期末考试英语精校解析Word版Word文档格式.docx

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第一节（共15小题；

每小题3分，满分45分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

WinaFamilyVacation!

Whetheryou’reheadedforthebeachortakingaroadtripacrossthecountry.Reader’sDigestwantstohelpmakeitmemorableandfun.Requestanyfreetravelinformationandyou’llbeenteredtowina$2,000cashprizetohelpplanyourbestvacationever!

CLICKHERETOENTER

*OneGrandprizewinnerwillreceivea$2,000prize.

*EntertheRDTravelSweepsby11:

59pmESTonJune14,2018.

*Thewinnerwillbechosenbyrandom（随机的）drawingfromallsuitableentriesonoraboutJune28,2018.

*Thesweepstakes（彩票）opentolegalUScitizensoftheUnitedStateswhoare21yearsofageorolderatthetimeofentry.Void（无效）whereforbiddenbylaw.

Forthecompleteandofficialsweepstakesrules,pleasevisit:

Yourinformationwillnotbesoldorusedforanyotherpurpose.Nopurchasenecessarytoenterorwin.

1.Whenisthedeadlineforthecontest?

A.June24,2018.B.June14,2018.

C.June28,2018.D.June18,2018.

2.Whoisallowedtoparticipateinthecompetition?

A.AnyoneintheUSA.B.Anyoneacrosstheworld.

C.UScitizensof21.D.LegalUScitizensaged21orolder.

3.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthepassage?

A.OntheInternet.B.Inatextbook.

C.Inanewspaper.D.Inatraveljournal.

【答案】1.B2.D3.A

【解析】本文是号召人们参加比赛赢大奖的通知，内容涉及参赛时间，奖项，条件和网址。

1.细节理解题。

根据EntertheRDTravelSweepsby11:

59pmESTonJune14,2018.可知比赛的截止时间，故选B。

2.细节理解题。

根据Thesweepstakes（彩票）opentolegalUScitizensoftheUnitedStateswhoare21yearsofageorolderatthetimeofentry.Void（无效）whereforbiddenbylaw.可知，参赛选手应该是21岁及以上的合法的美国公民，故选D。

3.推理判断题。

本文是号召人们参加比赛赢大奖的通知，根据pleasevisit:

http:

//www.argifocus.com/Client/TheMGI/LM1/images/rd-official-rules2018-2019.asp可知，本文来源于网络，故选A。

【点睛】

细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：

1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。

本文是号召人们参加比赛赢大奖的通知，内容涉及参赛时间，奖项，条件和网址。

2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如：

forexample,first,second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。

3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。

快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。

如小题1根据EntertheRDTravelSweepsby11:

59pmESTonJune14,2018.可知比赛的截止时间。

小题2根据Thesweepstakes（彩票）opentolegalUScitizensoftheUnitedStateswhoare21yearsofageorolderatthetimeofentry.Void（无效）whereforbiddenbylaw.可知，参赛选手应该是21岁及以上的合法的美国公民。

B

Youdon’thavetobeasuperherotohelptheenvironment.Evensmall,simpleactionscanadduptobigchange.PeoplearoundtheworldwillcelebrateEarthDayonApril22.Butanyone–includingkids–canworktohelptheearthatanytime.TFK（TimeforKids）talkedtoafewkidsabouthowtheyareprotectingtheplanet.Lettheminspireyou!

Mari,10,livesinFlint,Michigan,wherepeoplehavebeenwithoutcleandrinkingwatersince2014.Thatiswhenthewaterbecamepollutedwithlead（铅）.ChildreninFlinthavesufferedfromhealthproblemsduetoleadpoisoning.MarihasworkedhardtospreadawarenessofFlint’swatercrisisbyorganizingfundraisersandotherevents.

Atage3,Ryanwentwithhisdadtorecyclingcenternearhishome,inOrangeCounty,California.Thenextday,Ryanbegancollectingrecyclablesfromneighbors.Soon,Ryan’sRecyclingCompanywasborn.“Recyclingkeepsbottlesandcansoutoftheocean,”Ryan,now8,toldTFK,“soanimalsdon’tgetsickfromthemanddie.”Sofar,Ryanhashelpedcustomersrecycle320,000bottlesandcans.Hehasalsodonatednearly$6,000tothePacificMarineMammalCenter.

Joris,11,hasalwayslovedcheetahs.Whenhelearnedthatthebigcatsmightdisappearinhislifetime,hesetouttohelpprotectthem.Jorisbeganraisingmoney.Sofar,Jorishasraisedmorethan$14,000.Themoneygoestoawildlifesanctuary（避难所）inNamibia,acountryinAfrica.Thishelpspreventtheanimalsfrombeingkilled.Jorinhasspentthreesummersvolunteeringatthesanctuary.

4.WhatcausedhealthproblemsforchildreninFlint?

A.Poordiets.B.Lackofwater.

C.Pollutedwater.D.Poisonousgas.

5.HowdoesRyanhelpprotecttheearth?

A.Byraisingmoney.B.Bycollectingrecyclables.

C.Bysavingwater.D.Byrescuingcheetahs.

6.WhydidJorisraisemoney?

A.Tofeedcheetahs.B.Tohelpthepoor.

C.TocelebrateEarthDay.D.Toprotectcheetahs.

7.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TFKKidReportersB.EarthDayCelebrations

C.KidHeroesforthePlanetD.SuperheroesintheWorld

【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.C

【解析】这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了三个孩子为保护地球上的生命和环境所做的努力和成果。

说明你不必是超级英雄，即使是简单的小事也可以帮助保护地球环境。

4.细节理解题。

根据第二段中Thatiswhenthewaterbecamepollutedwithlead（铅）.ChildreninFlinthavesufferedfromhealthproblemsduetoleadpoisoning.可知，Flint的孩子们喝了被铅污染的水而引起了健康问题。

故选C。

6.细节理解题。

根据最后一段Whenhelearnedthatthebigcatsmightdisappearinhislifetime,hesetouttohelpprotectthem.Jorisbeganraisingmoney.可知，Joris筹钱是为了保护cheetahs，故选D。

7.主旨大意题。

文章介绍了为保护地球上的生命和环境，几个孩子所做的努力和成果，他们是保护地球的英雄。

KidHeroesforthePlanet概括了文章内容，适合作为标题，故选C。

概括主旨的方法是：

先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括（如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。

记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词）。

小题4文章介绍了为保护地球上的生命和环境，三个孩子所做的努力和成果，他们是保护地球的英雄。

KidHeroesforthePlanet概括了文章内容。

C

Chinaisknownforitslonghistory,richculture,andcutepandas.It’salsoknownforsomeoftheworstairqualityintheworld.ButtheAsiancountryisnowusinganaturalweaponagainstairpollution–trees.

InFebruary,China’sgovernmentannouncedplanstocoveratleast32,400squaremileswithforest.ThatisaboutthesizeofIreland.Some60,000soldierswilltakechargeofthetree-plantingprogram.MostofthetreeswillbeplantedinHebeiProvince.ThatisanareasurroundingChina’scapital,Beijing.

HuangWeiisanenvironmentalistwhoworksforGreenpeaceEastAsia.Sheisoptimisticabouttheplan.“Treesactasasinktoabsorbcarbondioxideandotherpollutants,”shesaid.CarbondioxideisagasthattrapstheEarth’sheat.Itcontributestoglobalwarming.

WhyisChina’sairfilledwithharmfulchemicals?

It’sbecausethecountryreliesoncoal-firedpowerplants.Whencoalisburned,PM2.5isproduced,PM2.5isapollutant.Itcancauseshortnessofbreath,heartattacks,andevendeath.

Justtwoyearsago,pollutionlevelsweresohighinBeijingthatschoolsandfactorieshadtoclose.HuanghopesChina’stree-plantingplanwillreducethenation’ssufferingfromairpollution.

TheChinesegovernmentisgettinghelpfromothersinitsdrivetomakethenationgreener.StefanoBoeriisanItalianarchitectandurbanplanner.Heisleadinganefforttoplantvertical（垂直的）forestsinChina.

Boeri’sdesignshavealreadytakenrootinthecityofNanjing,China.That’swheretheNanjingGreenTowersareunderconstruction.Thebuildinghastwotowers.Thousandsoftreesandhangingplantswillgrowonthebalconiesandrooftops.

Boerisayshisgoalistodesignbuildingsthathelptheenvironmentandimproveairquality.Healsohopestoencourageanewgenerationofgreenarchitects.

8.What’sChina’ssolutiontotheairpollutionproblem?

A.Closingthefactories.B.Plantingmoretress.

C.Usingnaturalgas.D.Makingmorerules.

9.What’stheHuangWei’sattitudetothenewplan?

A.Puzzled.B.Confident.

C.Uncertain.D.Unconcerned.

10.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase“contributesto”inparagraph3?

A.leadstoB.attachesto

C.getsclosetoD.looksforwardto

11.What’sspecialaboutBoeri’sbuildingdesigninChina?

A.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.

B.Itisbasedonclassicalbuildings.

C.Itoftenfeaturestwotowers.

D.Itaimstosavepublicspace.

【答案】8.B9.B10.A11.A

【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。

文章介绍了中国政府为了应对空气污染实施的一项植树造林计划以及其他努力。

8.细节理解题。

根据第一段ButtheAsiancountryisnowusinganaturalweaponagainstairpollution–trees.和第二段InFebruary,China’sgovernmentannouncedplanstocoveratleast32,400squaremileswithforest.ThatisaboutthesizeofIreland.Some60,000soldierswilltakechargeofthetree-plantingprogram.可知，中国应对空气污染的自然武器是植树造林，故选B。

9.推理判断题。

根据第三段HuangWeiisanenvironmentalistwhoworksforGreenpeaceEastAsia.Sheisoptimisticabouttheplan.和第五段HuanghopesChina’stree-plantingplanwillreducethenation’ssufferingfromairpollution.可知，黄薇对中国的植树造林工程乐观自信，故选B。

10.猜测词义题。

此处指二氧化碳是一种能吸收地球热量的气体。

它导致了全球变暖。

划线的“contributesto”在此意为“导致”，与leadsto同义，故选A。

11.细节理解题。

根据最后一段Boerisayshisgoalistodesignbuildingsthathelptheenvironmentandimproveairquality.可知，Boeri的目标是设计有助于环境和改善空气质量的建筑，故选A。

D

Plasticiseasy,convenient,cheapandlong-lasting,butitdoesgreatharmtotheenvironment.

Sinceplasticenteredmassproduction,8billiontonshavebeenproduced–andwearen’tverygoodatrecycling.By2015,6,945tonsofplasticwastehadformed,witharound9percentofitgettingrecycled.About79percentofitendsupinlandfillsoraroundtheenvironment,includingtheocean.Wemayendupdrowninginplasticbeforelong.

ChemistsatColoradoStateUniversityhavefoundapolymer（聚酯）thathasmanyofthequalitiesofplastics–it’slight,strong,durableandheat-resistant–butthatcanbechangedbacktoitsoriginalsmall-molecule（分子）stateforcompleterecycling.Evenafterbeingrecycled,thepolymercanbeturnedbackintoitsplastic-likestate,andthiscanbedonequicklyandcheaply.

Thisnewpolymerhasallthegoodqualitiesofplastics,yetitisrelativelyeasytomakeandtorecycle.Makingitrequiresroomtemperatureconditions,ashortreactiontimetobondthemonomer（单体）intopolymersandonlyasmallamountofthecatalyst（催化剂）r