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论文二稿改过格式1

AFeministInterpretationofTheSunAlsoRises

AThesisSubmitted

ToForeignLanguageDepartment

OfCollegeofInformation&Business,

ZhongyuanUniversityofTechnology

InPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements

FortheDegreeofBachelorofArts

By

GaoYanping

StudentIDNumber:

201003014116

Supervisor：

ChenXiaoting

April15th,2014

论文摘要

欧内斯特•米勒尔•海明威（1899－1961）是20世纪最著名的小说家之一,也是“迷惘的一代”的代言人。

《太阳照样升起》是海明威的第一部长篇小说，主要叙述战后一群流落在法国的美国年轻人的独特生活。

在这部小说中，海明威塑造了一位颇有争议的女性形象—勃莱特·阿什利。

本文将从女性主义理论入手，结合小说创作的时代背景，分析小说中女主角—勃莱特·阿什利对男权社会所做的反抗，揭示其反抗失败的原因，探索女性真正走上独立自主道路的途径，从而给现代女性以启示。

关键词：

太阳照常升起；女性主义；反抗；失败

Abstract

ErnestHemingway（1899－1961）wasoneofthemostfamouswritersin20thcenturyandthespokespersonofthelostgeneration.Hemingway’sfirstandprobablyhismostaccomplishednovelTheSunAlsoRiseswastalkedaboutthelifeaboutanuniquegroupofyoungAmericanslivinginFranceaftertheWorldWarI.Inthisnovel,heproducedavividbutcontroversialfemaleimages----themaincharacter“BrettAshley”.

Thisthesisstartsfromthefeministtheory,combiningthebackgroundofthenovel,andanalysesBrettAshley’srebellionsagainstthepatriarchalsociety,andrevealsthereasonsforitsfailure,andexploresthewayforwomentogaintheindependence.Intheend,thethesisenlightensthemodernwomen.

Keywords:

TheSunAlsoRises;feminist;rebellion;failure

TableofContents

Abstract（Chinese）……………….…………………………………………………..

I

Abstract（English）……………….…………………………………………………..

II

1.Introduction…………….………………………………………………………….

1

2.AnBriefSurveyofFeminismandTheSunAlsoRise……………………………

2

2.1Feminism.……………………..….….……………………….…………………...

2

2.2TheSunAlsoRise…………………………..….…………….………………….....

3

3.AnAnalysisofBrettAshley’sRebellionsagainstthePatriarchalSociety……...

4

3.1Fight against Traditional Conventions .....……………………………………........

4

3.2Emphasis on Self-consciousness…………………………...………………...........

5

3.3ThePursuitofLoveandHappiness………………………………………….........

6

4.TheCausesofBrettAshley’sFailure……………..….…………….……………

8

4.1SpiritualDependenceonMen……………...…………………...…………...........

8

4.2FinancialDependenceonMen……………………………...………………..........

9

5.Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….

10

References……………………………………………………………………………………...

12

Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………

13

1.Introduction

ErnestHemingway（1899-1961）,theprolificAmericanwriter,wasawardedNobelPrizeinliteraturein1954.In1926,Hemingway’sfirstandprobablyhismostaccomplishednovelTheSunAlsoRiseswaspublished,whichmadeHemingwaystandoutasaninternationalcelebritybecausehegraspedthesocialchangesinAmericaafterWorldWarIandsucceededinconveyingtheexactfeelingofthelostgenerationinwrittenform.

TheSunAlsoRisestalkedaboutthestoriesofthelostgenerationandlikeotherHemingway’sworks,manytoughmanroleswerecreated.However,inTheSunAlsoRises,healsoproducedavividfemaleimages----themaincharacter“BrettAshley”inhisstories,throughBrettAshley.

SinceTheSunAlsoRiseswaspublished,thecriticsfromallovertheworldmadecommentsaboutthisnovelfromvariousangles,suchassymbolism,structuralism,impressionism,post-modernismandsoon.BertramD.Sarason（1965:

73）talkedaboutthatthedifferencesbetweentheBrettAshleyandLadyDuff.AndGeorgeGreen（1976:

45）arguedthatthematterofcolorandtheHemingway'scriticismofraceprejudicehandlingofrace.Sincethe1990s,afewcriticstriedtointerprettheworksofErnestHemingwaywiththelatestEuropeanandAmericancontemporarycriticaltheory.LorieWatkinsFulton（2005:

34~36）analyzedtheBrettAshleyandTheSunAlsoRisesfromtheJake’snarration.LindaWagner-Martin（2007:

134）wrotethenewessaysaboutTheSunAlsoRisesfromthenewdevelopmentofthesocietyandthenewimageofthe“LostGeneration”.Inthe1930s,Hemingway’sworkswereintroducedtoChina,andgraduallybecomepopularamongChinesereaders,andalotofcriticsreadthisnovelandmadesomecomments.Forexample,ChenShidan（1998:

87）comparedtheworksofHemingwaywiththeworksofZhangXianliang.AndCaoMinglun（2004:

2）studiedTheSunAlsoRisesfromthereligionmeaningofdeath.

Sothisthesisstartsfromthefeministtheory,combiningthebackgroundofthenovel,andanalysesBrettAshley’srebellionsagainstthepatriarchalsociety,andrevealsthereasonsforitsfailure,andexploresthewayforwomentogaintheindependence.Intheend,thethesisenlightensthemodernwomen.

2.FeminismandTheSunAlsoRise

2.1Feminism

Hundredyearsago,women’ssocialstatuewasquitelow,womenwastreatedasappendagetomen,theyonlyhadrightsofliving,theirmanner,speakingandbehaviorwereregulatedbyaseriesofseriousrulesanddiscipline.Withtheeducationspreadingamongwomenandtheawakeningofthefemaleself-consciousness,theycametorealizethattheyshoulddefendtheireconomic,politicalandotherrightsandpursueequaltreatmentlikemen.Thenthereappearfeminism.

Feminismisacollectionofmovementsandideologiesaimedatdefining,establishing,anddefendingequalpolitical,economic,cultural,andsocialrightsforwomen.Thisincludesseekingtoestablishequalopportunitiesforwomenineducationandemployment.Afeministadvocatesorsupportstherightsandequalityofwomen.

First-wavefeminismwasaseriesofactivitiesduringthenineteenthcentury andearlytwentiethcentury.IntheU.S.andU.K.,itfocusedonpromotingequalcontract,marriage,parenting,andpropertyrightsforwomen.However,bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,activismfocusedmainlyongainingpoliticalpower,particularlytherightofwomen’svoting,thoughsomefeministswereactiveincampaigningforwomen’ssexualandeconomicrightsatthistime.

Second-wavefeminismisafeministmovementbeginningintheearly1960sandcontinuingtothe20thanditcoexistswiththird-wavefeminism.Second-wavefeminismislargelyconcernedwithissuesofequalitynotonlysuffrage,butthingslikeendingdiscrimination.Second-wavefeministstreatwomen’sculturalandpoliticalinequalitiesasitsmainpurposesthattobedealwith.Duringthisperiod,feministencouragewomentounderstandaspectsoftheirpersonallivesdeeplybymeansofpublicpromoting.

Third-wavefeminismisstartedfrom1900tothepresent.Itaroseasaresponsetowardfailuresofthesecond-waveandalsoasaresponsetothemovementscreatedbythesecond-wave.Third-wavefeminismoftencorrectthesecond-wave’sideasandmovementsthatarenotgoodforfemales.Itaccommodatescontradictions;conflictandchanges.Thethird-wavehasitsoriginsinthemid-1980.

2.2TheSunAlsoRises

TheSunAlsoRisesisa1926novelwrittenbyAmericanauthorErnestHemingwayaboutagroupofAmericanandBritishexpatriateswhotravelfromParistotheFestivalofSanFermíninPamplonatowatchtherunningofthebullsandthebullfights.Anearlyandenduringmodernistnovel,itreceivedmixedreviewsuponpublication.ItisrecognizedasHemingway'sgreatestwork.ThenovelwaspublishedintheUnitedStatesinOctober1926bythepublishinghouseScribner's.Ayearlater,theLondonpublishinghouseJonathanCapepublishedthenovelwiththetitleofFiesta.Sincethenithasbeencontinuouslyinprint.

Hemingwaybeganwritingthenovelonhisbirthdayin1925,finishingthedraftmanuscriptbarelytwomonthslaterinSeptember.Aftersettingasidethemanuscriptforashortperiod,heworkedonrevisionsduringthewinterof1926.ThebasisforthenovelwasHemingway's1925triptoSpain.Thesettingwasuniqueandmemorable,showingseedycafélifeinParis,andtheexcitementofthePamplonafestival,withamiddlesectiondevotedtodescriptionsofafishingtripinthePyrenees.Hemingway'ssparewritingstyle,combinedwithhisrestraineduseofdescriptiontoconveycharacterizationsandaction,becameknownasdemonstratingtheIcebergTheory.

Thenovelisaromance;thecharactersarebasedonrealpeopleofHemingway'scircle,andtheactionisbasedonrealevents.Inthenovel,Hemingwaypresentshisnotionthatthe"LostGeneration",consideredtohavebeendecadent,dissoluteandirretrievablydamagedbyWorldWarI,wasresilientandstrong.Additionally,Hemingwayinvestigatesthethemesoflove,death,renewalinnature,andthenatureofmasculinity.

3.AnAnalysisoftheLiberationofWomeninTheSunAlsoRises

3.1Fight against Traditional Conventions 

AfterWorldWarI,thefemalerolebegantohaveagreattransformation,frompassive,privateandshy,toindividualistofnewexperience.Inthepast,womenhadtokeepthemselvesinhomeanddothehouseworks.However,afterthewar,womenbegantothrowofftheirrestraints,tossawaytheircorsetsandfleetheircountryhomesforjobsincities.Andlocalethicswereshockedtofindthatinsteadofdoingchoresathome,womenbegantoplayinggolf,drivingacar,smoking,dancing,drinkinginthebar.AllofthesebehaviourwhichchallengestraditionalsocialstructurescanbeseeninthebehaviorofLadyBrettAshley.

“Brettwasdamnedgood-looking.Sheworeaslipoverjerseysweaterandtweedskirt,andherhairwasbrushedbacklikeaboy’s.Shestartedallthatshewasbuiltwithcurvelikethehullofaracingyacht,andyoumissednoneofitwiththatwooljersey.”（Hemingway,954:

24）Fromthoseline,Brett’sphysicalfeatureswerevividlyrevealedtoreaders.

Brett’sshorthairshowedherindividualityandherdressexpressedhersexuality.Bretthatedthetraditionalfeminineidealsofproperbehavior.Moreover,Brettdaredtostepoffthelimitation.Shesaid,“I'vealwaysdonejust