SCANDINAVIANFURNITUREDESIGN北欧家具设计大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文Word下载.docx
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HudsonLtd.ScandinavianFurniture:
ASourcebookofClassicDesignsforthe21stCentury.2007-11
Mike
Roemer.INTERIOR
AND
FURNITURE
DESIGN.ThamesHudsonPress.2005
SCANDINAVIANFURNITURE
DESIGN
Scandinaviandesignis30yearsinthe20thcenturyHavingachievedgreatsuccess,andacquiredaninternationalreputationfordesign.Thestyleisconcerned,theScandinaviandesignisthefunctionofdoctrine,butnotasstringentasthe20thcentury,30yearsanddoctrines.
asstringentasthe20thcentury,30yearsanddoctrines.Geometricformofsoften,andedgesarefairingintoS-shapedcurveorwavylines,oftendescribedas"
organicform"
sothattheformofmorehumaneandangry.BeforethewarwithBauhausfunctionalismasthecenter40yearsinthe20thcentury,underthedifficultconditionsofmaterialdeprivationiswidelyaccepted,butbythemid-20thcentury,40,functionalismhasbeengraduallyincludesanumberofpracticalandstylechanges.ThesechangeslefttheBauhauspuregeometricformsand"
works"
thelanguageofaesthetics,mostnotablytheScandinaviandesign.Asearlyas1930,theStockholmFair,Germany,Scandinaviandesignwillbeastrictfunctionalismandlocalartsandcraftsinthehumanisttraditionofintegratingtheirtogether.Inthe1939NewYorkInternationalExposition,butalsoestablishedthe"
SwedishModernstyle,"
astheconceptofaninternationalstatus.Afterthe20thcentury,40yearsafteradifficultperiod,Scandinaviandesigninthe20thcentury,50yearsproducedanewleapforward.Itssimpleandorganicshapeandnaturalcolorandtextureverypopularintheinternationalarena.MilanTriennialin1954,theinternationaldesignexhibition,Scandinaviandesignshowanewlook,theparticipationofSweden,Denmark,FinlandandNorwayhaveachievedgreatsuccess.Thedesignofthesecountriesafterthewar,theorganizationimplementedapolicyofcooperation,theirfirstmajorachievementwascalled"
ScandinavianDesign"
exhibition.ArtsFoundationintheUnitedStatesunderthesponsorshipofthisexhibitionfrom1954-1957inNorthAmericain22years,thecity'
smainmuseumsaroundtheworld,thusmaking"
Scandinaviandesign"
theimageofthewidelypopularintheinternationalcommunity.FunctionoftheScandinavianmoderndesignmovement,thecountriesinthedesignorganizationatthenationalorlocallevel,heldalargenumberofexhibitions,the20thcentury,theseactivitieshavebecomeakeyfeatureofthe50'
s.ScandinaviandesignoftheYear,heldalternatelyinvariouscountries,affectingawiderange,which,togetherwiththepublicationsandperiodicalsforthedesignoftheexchangesmadeasignificantcontribution.Designorganizationsnotonlyexhibitions,theyarealsoanimportantadvocateinthisareadesignedtoencouragemanufacturerstoinvestinacreativeproductdevelopment,topersuadetheauthoritiestodesignpoliciestosupportitsexcellentdesign.Theyalsoinspirepublicawarenessofgooddesignandeverydayusemorebeautifulthing,andthis50to60forthe20thcentury,theearlydesigndevelopmentplayedanimportantrole.Inadditiontodesigningtheorganizationefforts,dominatedthe20thcentury,50yearsofsocialandeconomiclifeofthedevelopmentofthepowerofdesignhasamoreprofoundimpact,withtheprocessofindustrializationandurbanization,thewholepopulationstructurehaschanged.Continuouslyimprovethestandardoflivingaffectedthemajorityofthepeopleandtheirwayoflife,resultinginwidespreadoptimismandconfidenceforthedevelopmentandprogress.Newideasbegintogaintraction,suchasthattheordinarypeoplehavetherighttoenjoythecomfortofhome,thefamilyisnotonlyhealthy,butalsomeetsthefunctionalandaestheticrequirements.Inthe20thcentury,50'
s,theultimatewelfarestatebuiltupinScandinavia.The20thcentury,40yearsinordertoreflecttheethniccharacteristicsarisingfromasenseofnostalgia,oftenshowingthepristinecountryside,contributedtothissofteningtrend.Earlyfunctionalismadvocatedbytheprimarycolorforthe20thcentury,40yearstoreconcilethecolorgraduallyreplacedbyamorecoarsetextureandnaturalmaterialsbytheirfavoritedesigners.After1945,anotherretrotrend-theDanishtraditionofexcellentcraftsmanshipinSwedenandNorwayhavealsobeenstrengthened.The20thcentury,50years,agroupofpre-wardesigners,suchastheprestigiousHenningsen,Klandt,mamMarsden,Aalto,etc.arestillwalkingintheforefrontofthedesign.Forexample,Henningsen,designedafterthewar,anumberofnewPHlamps,inparticular,hedesignedaPH-5,andPHArtichokependantlamphasachievedgreatsuccessandhassoldbriskly.Theotherhand,youngdesignershavealsocometothefore,thuspromotedtheScandinaviandesignoffurtherdevelopment.Scandinaviandesignofthehumantouchisalsoreflectedinthedesignofindustrialequipment,inthisrespectSwedishindustrialdesignermadealotofwork.From1965onwards,fromSweden,consistingofsixdesigners"
designteam"
involvedinSolna,thecompany'
soffsetprintingproductionlinedevelopmentanddesignwork,theyoperateontheproductionlineprocesscarriedoutadetailedergonomicanalysisandredesignthesigns,symbols,instructionsandmanipulatingthehandle,sothatworkingconditionshavebeengreatlyimproved.
Danish
furniture
design
has
a
tradition
dating
back
almost
450
years.In
1554,
number
of
cabinetmakers
founded
Koebenhavns
Snedkerlaug
（The
Copenhagen
Guild
Cabinetmakers）
with
the
dual
purpose
creating
high-quality
and
protecting
trade
from
poor
craftsmen
by
establishing
formal
training
for
cabin-makers.Two
hundred
years
later,in
1777,Det
Kongelige
Meoble
Magazine
Royal
Furniture
Magazine）
was
established
aim
manufacturing
uniform,high-quality
in
terms
production
Household
its
various
departments
ministries
etc.The
designed
along
lines
catalogue
goods
most
renowned
designers
period,and
their
drawings
were
forwarded
to
master
all
over
country,who
then
manufactured
them.
After
brief
period
only
40
years,the
practice
came
an
end
1815.The
important
thing
is
that
above-mentioned
events
extremely
visionary
as
regards
quality
design,and
they
went
on
form
solid
foundation
later
development.Furthermore,Det
Danske
Kunstakademi
Academy
Art）
Copenhagen,
school
1770,whose
education
apprentices
draw
inspect
masterpieces
what
amounted
world’s
first
systematic
designer.Throughout
19th
century,indeed
until
beginning
1920’s,
there
absence
independent
style.The
architects
time
are
inspired
French,
particularly,English
wealthy
upper
classes
civil
authorities.
Peasants,farmers
fledgling
working
class
still
do
not
represent
interesting
commercial
body,but
this
picture
changes
country’s
move
agricultural
society
industrialized
one
towards
last
century.The
cities
exploded
size
social
awareness
flew
emergence
new
classes-laborers
office
workers-both
whom
demanded
monetary
payment
services.Put
simple
terms,you
might
say
how
modern
consumer
societycame
into
being.Oncecurrentoverheadshadbeenmetsuchasfood,clothing,rentandheating,etc.Peoplestillhadthemeanstobuyfurniture,whichinitsownsmallway,createdthebasisforaformalizedfurnitureindustry.Thefurnitureindustrydidnotreallytakeoffuntilpeoplebeganmovingawayfromthecrampedapartmentsinthecitycenterstolargerapartmentsanddetachedhousesontheoutskirtsoftown.Thishappenedintwostages,thefirstofwhichwasinthe1920’s,whenthesocialhousingprojectsbegananddetachedhousesstartedtoappear.Thesecondstagewasinthe1950’s,whenbothtypesofhousingbefantoshootupeverywhere.Thisdevelopment,combinedwithahighlevelofknowledgeandawareness,creatdanewandmorerationalhousingculturewherepeoplebegantodemandhigh-qualityfunctionalfurniture.Asitturnedout,peopleoutsideDenmarksoonbegantomakethesamekindsofdemands.
The
1920’s
saw
desire
purely
style
furniture.In
1924,a
lectureship
at
Kunstakademiets
Arkitektskole
Fine
Arts
School
Architecture）
Copenhagen.The
architect,Kaare
Klint（1888-1954）,
who
influenced
development
great
degree.Kaare
Klint
systematist
modernist
used
his
students
pioneer
series
surveys
analyses
spatial
needs.
First
foremost,Kaare
represented
approach
should
be
functional
user-friendly,an
which
many
ways
deviated
rest
Europe,where
functionalism
often
took
formalistic
exercises,directing
focus
well-to-do
elite
rather
than
ordinary
man
street.
result
strong,independent,humanistic
evolved
Denmark
through
t
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