高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习docWord文件下载.docx
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短文改错时应先从头到尾快速读一遍,了解其大意,这样有助于了解其中的逻辑关系,对时态、人称等都心中有数。
十行中一般有九行有错误,一行无错,如发现并纠正错误,首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解,阅读中注意句子的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词或动词短语,注意句子中的名词、数词,以及其他词性的语法要求,注意句子之间的逻辑关系,注意段落的主旨内容,注意整篇短文的中心内容,这样才更加有效地完成改错。
⒉在改错过程中,
要结合上下文语境来观察,不要只盯住一行。
按照上述的原则,对语法、句法、逻辑词义、搭配等诸方面进行综合考查分析并改正错误,应看上下文中有无逻辑关系上的错误,有无语法修饰上的错误,有无惯用法方面的错误。
如果没有发现明显错误,则分别检查时态、人称,单复数,主谓一致等各项。
⒊检查句与句之间的逻辑关系是否恰当。
如有不妥之处,看看是否关联词有问题。
⒋整篇做完后,认真检查一遍,注意其中逻辑关系是否合理,时态人称等是否
一致。
㈢短文改错常见考点:
⒈多一词:
抽象名词前多一冠词:
如:
Modernpeopleknowmoreaboutthehealth.(去掉the)
专有名词前多一冠词:
如:
theEngland(去掉the),theHebeiProvince(去掉the),theBeijingAirport(去掉the)
固定词组中名词前多一冠词:
gototheschool(去掉the),gototheprison(去掉the),atthework(去掉the),inthebed(去掉the),gotothehospital(去掉the),setafiretosth(去掉a).,atthefirst(去掉the),themostofthem(去掉the),atthenoon(去掉the),makearapidprogress(去掉a),aplentyof(去掉a)
表示交通工具的和by连用的名词前多一冠词:
bytheair(去掉the),bythebus(去掉the),bytheship(去掉the)
表示体育活动的名词前;
playthefootball(去掉the),playthebasketball(去掉the)
表示节日(常含有Day)的名词前多一冠词:
theNationalDay(去掉the),theMayDay(去掉the)
表示“非常”意思的“most”前多一冠词:
Heisthemosthardworking.(去掉the)
某种让步状语从句中名词前面多一冠词:
Achildasheis,heknowsalot.(去掉a)
在表示时间的“one/this/every+名词”的时间状语前多一介词:
ononeday(去掉on),onthatevening(去掉on),ineveryweek(去掉in)
某些及物动词因混淆词义而多一介词或副词;
①raiseupone’shand(去掉up)
②pick(摘)upapples(去掉up)
③returnback(回来)(去掉back)
④repeatagain(去掉again)
⑤playwiththeminthematch(去掉with)
⑥marrywiththeman(去掉with)
⑦serveforthepeople(去掉for)
⑧enterintotheroom(去掉into)
⑨IlearnEnglisheverydaytoimproveitbetter(去掉better).
表示地点的副词前多一介词:
①gotothere(去掉to)
②drivetohome(去掉to)
③returntohome(去掉to)
某些动词、连词、介词或副词后面多了一个介词:
①becauseofhisleftlegwasbroken(去掉of)
②insteadofhedevelopedhisloveforthetheatre(去掉of)
③Ilookedatbutcouldseenothing.(去掉at)
④joininthearmy(去掉in)
状语从句和主句间多一并列连词:
①Althoughheisverybusy,butheoftenhelpsuswithhousework.(去掉but)
②Astheweatherwasgood,soIdecidedtogothereyesterday. (去掉so)
充当状语的分词和主句之间多了并列连词:
①Herhusbanddied,andleavingherthreechildren.(去掉and)
②Hesatunderthetreeandreadingamagazine.(去掉and)
作定语的分词前多一代词:
①Thechildwhoreadingabookisherbrother. (去掉who)
②HowIregrettedthehourswhichwastedinthewoods.(去掉which)
定语从句中多一代词:
①ThefilmthatIsawityesterdayisgood.(去掉it)
②ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforit.(去掉it)
③Heisthemanwetalkedabouthim.(去掉him)
在“连词+分词”结构中多一代词:
①WhileIwaitingforabus,Ifoundawalletlyingontheground. (去掉waiting前的I)
②Ifitheated,iceturnstowater.(去掉it)
在某些固定结构中多了“to”,
①Iwouldratherstayathomethantogotothecinemawithyou. (去掉第一个to)
②Whynottotakeaholidayforagoodrest?
(去掉to)
③Shesaidshewouldrathernottodiscussitrightnow.(去掉to)
④Youhadbetternottogothere.(去掉to)
⑤Imadethemtodothecleaning.(去掉to)
⑥Ihadhimtocleantheroom.(去掉to)
⑦Wenoticedhimtowalkoutofthegarden.(去掉to)
⑧Ioftenhearhertosingthesong.(去掉to)
⒉缺一词:
表一类事物的单数可数名词前缺冠词:
A/The∧horseisausefulanimal.
单数可数名词前缺少表示“一”的不定冠词,
①Thereisa∧libraryineverytowninBritain.
②Goodhealthisa∧person’smostvaluablepossession.
特指名词前缺定冠词the,
①Haveyoureadthe∧booksbyMarkTwain?
②Thebookonthe∧deskismine.
作状语的动词不定式缺“to”,
①DavidandIwanttogooffto∧findhelp…
②…andotherorganizationsareworkingto∧improvehealthallovertheworld.
形容词最高级前缺定冠词the,
oneofthe∧earliestkindsofmoney
such或so与单数名词连用时不可缺少冠词,
①Thisissucha∧goodbookthatIlikeit.
②Heissogooda∧studentthatalltheteacherslikehim.
姓氏复数形式(表示一家人或夫妇二人)前面缺一冠词,
The∧TurnersarewatchingTV.
表示世纪的某个年代前面缺一冠词,
Inthe∧1870s,whenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties,hefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.
表示“一个名叫…的人”前缺一冠词,
A∧MissLeeiswaitingforyououtside.
“形容词比较级+ofthetwo”前缺一冠词,
Heisthe∧tallerofthetwo.
某些固定短语中缺一冠词,
inthe∧end,gotothe∧cinema,inthe∧daytime,onthe∧right
抽象名词具体化时前面缺一冠词,
①Themeetingheldyesterdaywasa∧success.
②Itisa∧famousChinesetea.
③Theexperimentturnedouttobea∧failure.
作定语的不定式后缺少必要的介词,
①Heislookingforaroomtolivein∧.
②Thereisnothingtoworryabout∧.
③Ineedapentowritewith∧.
一些固定短语或习惯搭配中缺介词,
①Hedidn’treplyto∧myletter.
②Areyousureabout∧it?
③Thousandsandthousandsof∧peoplelikewatchingTV.
④DrWangstartedtooperateon∧thematonce.
⑤Hegraspedmyhandsandaskedfor∧mynameandaddress.
⑥JustthenamancametomeandaskedwhatIwaslookingfor∧.
并列句缺并列连词,
①Hewastiredand∧itwasgettingdark.
②Heaskedmetogo,so∧Iwent.
③Heisold,but∧heisstillstrong.
名词性从句中缺少必要的连接词,
①That∧hewillcomeiscertain.
②Itisuncertainwhether∧hecancomeornot.
③Weallknowthetruththat∧theearthgoesroundthesun.
④Theyexpressedthehopethat∧theywouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain.
定语从句中缺少必要的关系代词,
①Thepolicehavefoundtheknifewithwhich∧themankilledhiswife.
②Thechangesthat/which∧havetakenplacearegreat.
③Isthistheboywho∧didthegooddeed?
缺少为避免重复而使用的替代词“that或those”,
①Thepopulationismuchlargerthanthat∧ofCanada.
②TheweatherofBeijingisasgoodasthat∧ofShijiazhuang.
③ThebikesmadeinShanghaiarebetterthanthose∧madeinBeijing.
“make,let,have,see,hear,notice,observe,watch”等动词变成被动语态时缺少“to”,
①Theyweremadeto∧workfourteenhoursadaybythelandlord.
②Hewasnoticedto∧crossthestreet.
为避免重复而使用的不定式省略形式缺少了to,
①Ifyoudon’twanttodoit,youdon’tneedto∧.
②Iwantedtogoout,butmymothertoldmenotto∧.
③Don’tleavetheroomunlessItellyouto∧.
⒊错一词:
名词的单复数错误,
①Differentpeoplespeakdifferentlanguage. (language→languages)
②WehavebeentoEuropemanytime.(time→times)
③Hiswordwereagreatencouragementtome.(word→words)
④Therearebranchlibraryinmanyvillages.(library→libraries)
动词时态、语态的错误,
①LastSaturdaypolicecarshurrytothetallestbuildinginNewYork.(hurry→hurried)
②Todayitismucheasiertobehealthythanitisinthepast.(is→was)
③Anyonemayborrowbooks,anditcostnothingtoborrowthem.(cost→costs)
形容词、副词混用错误(修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词、整个句子应用副词,修饰系动词、名词应用形容词)及其他词性错误,
①I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.(wonderfully→wonderful)
②Aplayer’snativelanguageisnotimportance.(importance→important)
③Also,thesportteachesustheimportantofobedience.(important→importance)
④Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeople…(Unfortunate→Unfortunately)
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的错误,
①Thegamespeaksforthemselves.(themselves→itself)
②TheBlacksdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.(his→their)
非谓语动词使用错误,
①Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday’sworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.(watch→watching动名词短语作主语)
②Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyouandenjoythetalk.
(enjoy→enjoying,与seeing是平行结构)
③Healwayswenttheretohavehishaircutandwash.
(wash→washed,与cut是平行结构,采用的是havesthdone结构)
同义词、近义词、形似词错误,
across与through,among与between,except与besides,like与as,ago与before,accept与receive,living与alive,let与allow,lonely与alone,too与either,cost、spend、pay与take,hard与hardly,worth与worthy,raise与rise,likely与possible,near与nearly,lend与borrow,job与work,deep与deeply,answer与reply,high与highly,sit与seat,wide与widely,try与manage,neither与either,so与such,everyday与everyday,all与both,every与each,find与found(建立),lie(躺)、lie(撒谎)与lay(放置、生产),hang(挂)与hang(绞死)sound与voice,place与room,forget与leave,hope与wish,callon与callat
①IraisedmysoundsothatIcouldbeheard.
(sound→voice,voice表示人的嗓音)
②Thereisn’tanyplaceformeinthebus.
(place→room,room为不可数名词表示“空间”)
③Iforgotmyumbrellaintheclassroom.
(forgot→left,leave表示“剩留,把某物忘在某地”)
④Ihopeyoutocomeearliernexttime.
(hope→wish,hope后面不能跟“宾语+动词不定式”的复合结构)
⑤Hemadesuchmuchprogressthathewaspraisedbytheteacher.
(such→so,当many/much/few/little表示“多或少”的含义时,前面常用so)
⑥IreceivedaninvitationbutIdidn’treceiveit.
(receive→accept,accept表示“主观接受”)
⑦Youshouldriseyourhandbeforeaskingthequestion.
(rise→raise,rise是不及物动词,raise是及物动词)
关系词用错,
①Ialsoenjoyedtheeveningswhenwespenttogether.
(when→that,先行词在定语从句中作宾语)
②I’llneverforgetthedaythatIwentabroadmyself.
(that→when,先行词在定语从句中作时间状语)
③Thetoolwiththatheisworkingiscalledasaw.
(that→which,介词后面的关系代词不能用that)
④Ifhewillcometotheballhasnothingtodowithme.
(If→Whether,if不能引导主语从句)
⑤Thefactwhichwateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygenisund