考研英语一真题及答案原题答案详解.doc

考研英语一真题及答案原题答案详解.doc

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2018年考研英语一真题（后附答案详解）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition_____

（1）manyworthwhilethings:

childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour_____

（2）inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh_____（3）.

_____（4）,whydowetrustatall?

Well,becauseitfeelsgood._____（5）peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat_____（6）pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthat leadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyand promptshumansto_____（7）withoneanother. Swiss Scientistshavefoundthatexposure_____（8）thishormoneputsusinatrusting_____（9）:

Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir_____（10）whoinhaledsomethingelse.

_____（11）forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay_____（12）us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_____（13）acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach_____（14）toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What'sinhere?

”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!

”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook_____（15）.Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf_____（16）thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad_____（17）them.

Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere_____（18）tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership._____（19）,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"_____（20）"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.

1.A．onB．likeC．forD．from

2.A．faithB．concernC．attentionD．interest

3.A．benefitB．debtC．hopeD．price

4.A．ThereforeB．ThenC．InsteadD．Again

5.A．UntilB．UnlessC．Although D．When

6.A．selectsB．producesC．appliesD．maintains

7.A．consultB．competeC．connectD．compare

8.A．atB．byC．of D．to

9.A．contextB．moodC．periodD．circle

10.A．counterpartsB．substitutesC．colleaguesD．supporters

11.A．FunnyB．LuckyC．OddD．Ironic

12.A．monitorB．protectC．surpriseD．delight

13.A．betweenB．withinC．towardD．over

14.A．transferredB．addedC．introducedD．entrusted

15.A．outB．backC．aroundD．inside

16.A．discoveredB．provedC．insistedD．remembered

17.A．betrayedB．wrongedC．fooledD．mocked

18.A．forcedB．willingC．hesitantD．entitled

19.A．IncontrastB．AsaresultC．OnthewholeD．Forinstance

20.A．inflexibleB．incapableC．unreliableD．unsuitable

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET. （40points）

Text1

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:

Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?

Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.

Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:

Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransit