山东大学考博英语完型填空和阅读试题Word格式文档下载.docx
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Withthesecustomerlistsinhand,MemberWorksstarteddialingfordollars-sellingdentalplans,videogames,computersoftwareandotherproductsandservices.Customerswhoaccepteda“freetrialoffer”had30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomaticallythroughtheirbankorcredit-cardaccounts..Bancorpcollectedashareoftherevenues.
Customersweredoublydeceived,thelawsuitclaims.They,didn’tknowthatthebankwasgivingaccountnumberstoMemberWorks.Andifcustomersasked,theywereledtothinktheanswerwasno.
ThestatesuedMemberWorksseparatelyfordeceptiveselling.Thecompanydeniesthatitdidanythingwrong.Foritspart,.Bancorpsettledwithoutadmittinganymistakes.Butitagreedtostopexposingitscustomerstononfinancialproductssoldbyoutsidefirms.Afewtopbanksdecidedtodothesame.ManyotherbankswillstilldobusinesswithMemberWorksandsimilarfirms.
Andbankswillstillbeminingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplans.
Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transactionandexperience”information-mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.SocialSecuritynumbersareforsalebyprivatefirms.They’vegenerallyagreednottoselltothepublic.Buttobusinesses,thenumbersareanopenbook.Self-regulationdoesn’twork.Afirmmightpublishaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?
Take.Bancorpagain.Customersweretold,inwriting,that“allpersonalinformationyousupplytouswillbeconsideredconfidential.”ThenitsoldyourdatatoMemberWorks.Thebankevenclaimsthatitdoesn’t“sell”yourdataatall.Itmerely“shares”itandreapsaprofit.Nowyouknow.
36.Contrarytopopularbelief,theauthorfindsthatspyingonpeople’sprivacy________.
A)ispracticedexclusivelybytheFBI
B)ismoreprevalentinbusinesscircles
C)hasbeenintensifiedwiththehelpoftheIRS
D)ismainlycarriedoutbymeansofsecrettaping
37.Weknowfromthepassagethat________.
A)thestateofMinnesotaisconsideringdrawinguplawstoprotectprivateinformation
B)moststatesareturningablindeyetothedeceptivepracticesofprivatebusinesses
C)legislatorsareactingtopassalawtoprovidebetterprivacyprotection
D)lawmakersareinclinedtogiveafreehandtobusinessestoinquireintocustomers’buyinghabits
38.Whenthe“freetrial”deadlineisover,you’llbechargedwithoutnoticeforaproductorserviceif________.
A)youhappentorevealyourcreditcardnumber
B)youfailtocancelitwithinthespecifiedperiod
C)youfailtoapplyforextensionofthedeadline
D)youfindtheproductorserviceunsatisfactory
39.Businessesdonotregardinformationconcerningpersonalbankaccountsasprivatebecause________.
A)itisconsidered“transactionandexperience”informationunprotectedbylaw
B)ithasalwaysbeenconsideredanopensecretbythegeneralpublic
C)itssalecanbebroughtundercontrolthroughself-regulation
D)itsrevelationwilldonoharmtoconsumersunderthecurrentprotectionpolicy
40.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.
A)bankswillhavetochangetheirwaysofdoingbusiness
B)“freetrial”practicewilleventuallybebanned
C)privacyprotectionlawswillsoonbeenforced
D)consumers’privacywillcontinuetobeinvaded
36.B
37.D
38.B
39.A
40.D
1997年6月
Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable,thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:
amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesthenthefacewillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyethenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantstonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner.”
TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:
speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;
inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselves-toglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakeratthe`precisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact:
iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:
theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.
36.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare________.
A)ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas
B)somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson’sinnerworld
C)ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting
D)somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate
37.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson________.
A)whosefrontviewisfullyperceived
B)whosefaceiscoveredwithamask
C)whosefaceisseenfromtheside
D)whosefaceisfreeofanycovering
38.Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner’sneckbecause________.
A)theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker
B)theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact
C)theydon’tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact
D)theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood
39.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto________.
A)onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother
B)eyecontactofmorethanonesecond
C)improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact
D)constantadjustmentofeyecontact
40.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants________.
A)nottoweardarkspectacles
B)nottomakeanyinterruptions
C)nottoglanceawayfromeachother
D)nottomakeunpredictablepauses
36.A
37.C
38.D
39.C
40.A
1998年1月
Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskindeep.One’sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon’tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.
Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnotsobeautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:
Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirparents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,paidwell,andpromoted.
UnAmerican,yousay,unfairandextremelyunbelievable
Onceagain,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpieties(虔诚)whileactingjustthecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup-collegestudents,orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmangers-apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual’saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractiveperson,someanaveragelookingcharacter,andsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.
Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonpercep