同步新教材人教英语必修1新素养突破阶段综合检测8文档格式.docx

同步新教材人教英语必修1新素养突破阶段综合检测8文档格式.docx

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VolunteersofAmerica

Ithashelpedover2millionpeoplein400communitiesintheUnitedStates.ThisorganizationisfamousintheUSforitshumanservicesprogramsforatriskyouths，theelderlyandhomelesspeople.Approximately70,000volunteershelpthisorganizationreachitsaim.For115years，ithasbroughtmeals，medicineandwarmthtopeopleinneedintheUnitedStates.

【语篇解读】　语篇类型是应用文，主题语境是人与社会之公益机构。

文章介绍了四个著名的志愿者组织。

1．WhomdoesHabitatforHumanitymainlyserve?

A．Homelesspeople.　　B．AIDSvictims.

C．Childreninneed.D．Poorfamilies.

A　[细节理解题。

根据有关HabitatforHumanity的介绍可知，该组织主要为无家可归的人提供负担得起的住宅。

]

2．Whichorganizationhastheshortesthistory?

A．HabitatforHumanity.

B．PeaceCorps.

C．MakeaWishFoundation.

D．VolunteersofAmerica.

C　[细节理解题。

通读全文可知，HabitatforHumanity成立于1976年，PeaceCorps成立于1960年，MakeaWishFoundation成立于1980年，VolunteersofAmerica有115年的历史，即成立于1904年。

由此可知，MakeaWishFoundation的历史最短。

3．Whatdotheotherthreeorganizationshaveincommon，comparedwithVolunteersofAmerica?

A．Theyhavethesamegoal.

B．Theyhavethesameservicearea.

C．Theyhavethesameserviceprograms.

D．Theyhavethesamenumberofvolunteers.

B　[细节理解题。

根据文中对四个志愿者组织的介绍可知，前三个组织都是全球性组织，而VolunteersofAmerica是只为美国人服务的区域性组织。

B

In2012，Iwas22anddoingaskiseasoninIschgl，Austria.Ithadbeensnowingheavilyfordays，andnoonecouldski.Thentheweatherchanged.Onmydayoff，Iwoketoaclearblueskyandhalfameteroffreshsnow:

askier'

sdream.So，IwentoutwithmyfriendGordon.

Weranintosomefriendsonsnowboards.Isuggestedanareagoodforgoingskiing.MyfriendshadnicknameditDeathValleybecauseavalanches（雪崩）couldpossiblytakeplacethere，butitwasknownforfreshsnow.Asanexperiencedskier，Iwasexcitedratherthanconcerned.

Togetfreshtracks，Iskiedatthefrontwhenwewereskiing.SuddenlyIfeltarushofsnow.Iwasn'

tworriedatthebeginningbecauseIthoughtoneofthesnowboardershadcomedownbehindmeandsprayed（飞溅）snowonme.ButthenthesnowsweptmeupandIcametoastopfacedownaboutonemeterunderthesnow.Ilaterfoundoutitwasanavalanche.Itwasterrible.Iliedthereunabletomove.NobodyknewwhereIwasorhadanywayoffindingme.

Afterabout15minutes，bypurechance，oneoftheboyshitthebackofmyleg.Whentheypulledmeout，Iwasn'

tbreathing.Iwaslatertakenbyhelicoptertothehospital，wheretheyblastedhotairacrossmybodytowarmmeup.After36hoursinhospital，IflewhometoEnglandandwithinaweekIwasbackinIschgltofinishtheskiseason.Ijustcouldn'

tquit.

Lookingback，Iwasreallylucky.InowcarryavalanchesafetyequipmentwhenIski，andIwon'

tgooutwithoutcheckingtheavalancheriskfactorwhenthesnowisheavy.Skiingisstillmybiggestpassion（酷爱），butIdon'

ttakerisksanymore.It'

snotworthit.

【语篇解读】　语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境是人与自我之个人生活。

作者在滑雪时遭遇了雪崩，得救后他学会了不盲目冒险。

4．Whydidtheauthorchoosethatareatoski?

A．Itwashisdreamtoskithere.

B．Hisfriendseemedtolovethatarea.

C．Therewasnootherplaceforskiing.

D．Hewantedtoskiinthefreshtrackthere.

D　[细节理解题。

根据第二段中的MyfriendshadnicknameditDeathValley...butitwasknownforfreshsnow和第三段中的Togetfreshtracks，Iskiedatthefrontwhenwewereskiing可知，作者想去那里滑雪是因为那儿的滑雪道新鲜没有划痕。

5．Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelwhentheavalanchehappened?

A．Concerned.　　　　　　B．Relaxed.

C．Scared.D．Excited.

B　[推理判断题。

根据第三段中的SuddenlyIfeltarushofsnow.Iwasn'

tworriedatthebeginningbecauseIthoughtoneofthesnowboardershadcomedownbehindmeandsprayedsnowonme...Ilaterfoundoutitwasanavalanche可知，当雪崩发生时，作者并未察觉，而仍旧镇定自若地滑雪。

6．Whatlessondidtheauthorlearnfromthatexperience?

A．Heshouldfindasaferpassion.

B．Heshouldlistentoothers'

advice.

C．Heshouldnevergiveuphisdream.

D．Heshouldreduceriskswhileskiing.

D　[推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的InowcarryavalanchesafetyequipmentwhenIski，andIwon'

tgooutwithoutcheckingtheavalancheriskfactorwhenthesnowisheavy可知，作者汲取了上次的教训，意识到滑雪时要降低风险。

7．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．Myexperienceofbeingburiedaliveinanavalanche

B．Animportantlessonfrommypassionofskiing

C．Mymostunforgettableexperienceinmylife

D．AluckydayitIschgl

A　[标题判断题。

结合全文可知，文章讲述了作者在一次滑雪时遭遇雪崩，被活埋的经历。

C

Isyourbedroomreallyhot?

Ifitis，itmaybeaffectingyourmemory，andotherthinkingskills.Newresearchshowsthatsleepinginahotroomcanaffectthethinkingabilityofevenhealthyyoungadults.ThisfindingcomesfromHarvardUniversity.Researcherstherelookedat24studentsbefore，duringandafteraheatwavefor12days.Ofthe24students，foursleptinroomswithairconditioning，alsocalled“AC”forshort.And20sleptinroomswithoutAC.

JoseGuillermoledthestudy.Hesaidtheyalsousedtoolsthatrecordedphysicalactivity，includingheartrate，sweat，andsomesleepconditions.Theresearchersalsonotedhowmuchwaterthestudentsdrankandhowmuchtimetheyspentoutside.

Basically，theyfoundgreatharmtothethinkingabilityofthestudyparticipants（参与者）inroomswithoutAC.Duringtheheatwave，studentsinbuildingswithoutACperformedonaverage13percentworseattheteststhanthoseincoolerrooms.Specifically，thestudentswhosleptwithoutACduringaheatwavewereslowertorespondandhaddifficultymakingquickdecisions.

DaisyChang（whowasnotpartofthisstudy）isapsychologistatMichiganStateUniversity.Shesaystherecouldbeotherreasonsfortheirpoorperformance.“Alotofreasonscouldpotentiallyexplainthiskindofexposureeffect.It'

snotnecessarilydirectlyexposuretoheat.Theheatcouldhaveaffectedtheirsleepqualitysothey'

relessrested—theyhavelessenergy，ormentalresources，orabilitytofocus.”

TheroomswithoutAChadfansandopenwindows.So，theywerelouderatnight.Thiscouldhavemadesleepingdifficult.Ontheotherhand，airconditionedroomscanholdhigherlevelsofcarbondioxide.Thiscanalsoaffectaperson'

sabilitytothink.However，thestudentssleptbetterinacoolerroom.

【语篇解读】　语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是人与社会之科学发现。

研究证明，人在闷热的房间睡觉会对思考能力产生消极影响。

8．Accordingtotheresearch，whatisnegativelyaffectedifyourbedroomisreallyhot?

A．Heartrate.B．Waterintake.

C．Bloodpressure.D．Thinkingability.

根据第一段及第三段首句可知，研究发现，人们在没有空调的闷热房间里思考能力会下降。

9．WhydoestheauthormentionDaisyChang?

A．Toshowhowtheheatwaveaffectspeople.

B．Toexplainwherethefindingcanbeapplied.

C．Toindicatethefindingneedstobefurtherinvestigated.

D．Toexplainthereasonsfortheeffectofexposuretoheat.

C　[推理判断题。

根据第四段可知，DaisyChang认为造成这种结果的原因也许是多方面的，仅仅是由于炎热就造成思考能力下降未免有些绝对，由此可知该研究结果还需要进一步考证。

10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”referto?

A．TheroomswithoutAC.

B．Thefansandopenwindows.

C．Theairconditionersthemselves.

D．ThestudentsinroomswithoutAC.

A　[代词指代题。

根据语境可知，这里的they指代前一句的主语TheroomswithoutAC，没有空调的房间晚上通常开着电扇和窗户，这样噪音更大，不利于睡眠。

11．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?

A．Hotweatheraffectsatriskpopulations.

B．Thestudyitselfwascarelesslyprepared.

C．Itsfindingiscontradictoryandconfusing.

D．Sleepinginhotroomsisbadforthebrain.

综合全文内容可知，不管其他科学家如何质疑炎热与思考能力之间的直接关系，在炎热环境中人类的思考能力确实降低了，这一点是公认的，所以D选项是正确的。

D

Ewasteisgrowing，andwiththatcomestheneedforeffectiveelectronicsrecyclingprograms.PeoplearelookingforinformationonTVrecycling，computerrecycling，andotherprogramsthatwillhelpthemresponsiblygetridofunwantedequipment.

Withnewcheapdevices（设备），societyhasgainedgreatbenefits.However，theyhaveledtoarapidlygrowingissueofendoflife（EOL）electronicsorewaste.Accordingtoonereport，nearly75percentofoldelectronicscontinuetobestoredathomebecauseoftheunavailabilityofconvenientrecyclingprograms.

TheseEOLelectronicdevicesincludesuchitemsasoldfashionedcomputerequipment，televisionsandmobilephones.Suchitemscanoftenberecycled，yetalargeamountstillfindsitswaytothelandfill（垃圾填埋地）．Recentrecyclingisunabletocatchupwiththerapidgrowthofewaste.Forexample，for2009，theU．S.EPAreportedthatonly8percentofcellphoneswererecycledbyweight，alongwith17percentoftelevisions，and38percentofcomputers.

Electronicsrecyclingisessential.Electronicsarearichsourceofrawmaterials.Internationally，only1015percentofthegoldinewasteissuccessfullyrecoveredwhiletherestislost.However，electronicwastecontainspreciousmetalevaluatedtobebetween40and50timesricherthanores（矿石）fromtheearth.