同步新教材人教英语必修1新素养突破阶段综合检测8文档格式.docx
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VolunteersofAmerica
Ithashelpedover2millionpeoplein400communitiesintheUnitedStates.ThisorganizationisfamousintheUSforitshumanservicesprogramsforatriskyouths,theelderlyandhomelesspeople.Approximately70,000volunteershelpthisorganizationreachitsaim.For115years,ithasbroughtmeals,medicineandwarmthtopeopleinneedintheUnitedStates.
【语篇解读】 语篇类型是应用文,主题语境是人与社会之公益机构。
文章介绍了四个著名的志愿者组织。
1.WhomdoesHabitatforHumanitymainlyserve?
A.Homelesspeople. B.AIDSvictims.
C.Childreninneed.D.Poorfamilies.
A [细节理解题。
根据有关HabitatforHumanity的介绍可知,该组织主要为无家可归的人提供负担得起的住宅。
]
2.Whichorganizationhastheshortesthistory?
A.HabitatforHumanity.
B.PeaceCorps.
C.MakeaWishFoundation.
D.VolunteersofAmerica.
C [细节理解题。
通读全文可知,HabitatforHumanity成立于1976年,PeaceCorps成立于1960年,MakeaWishFoundation成立于1980年,VolunteersofAmerica有115年的历史,即成立于1904年。
由此可知,MakeaWishFoundation的历史最短。
3.Whatdotheotherthreeorganizationshaveincommon,comparedwithVolunteersofAmerica?
A.Theyhavethesamegoal.
B.Theyhavethesameservicearea.
C.Theyhavethesameserviceprograms.
D.Theyhavethesamenumberofvolunteers.
B [细节理解题。
根据文中对四个志愿者组织的介绍可知,前三个组织都是全球性组织,而VolunteersofAmerica是只为美国人服务的区域性组织。
B
In2012,Iwas22anddoingaskiseasoninIschgl,Austria.Ithadbeensnowingheavilyfordays,andnoonecouldski.Thentheweatherchanged.Onmydayoff,Iwoketoaclearblueskyandhalfameteroffreshsnow:
askier'
sdream.So,IwentoutwithmyfriendGordon.
Weranintosomefriendsonsnowboards.Isuggestedanareagoodforgoingskiing.MyfriendshadnicknameditDeathValleybecauseavalanches(雪崩)couldpossiblytakeplacethere,butitwasknownforfreshsnow.Asanexperiencedskier,Iwasexcitedratherthanconcerned.
Togetfreshtracks,Iskiedatthefrontwhenwewereskiing.SuddenlyIfeltarushofsnow.Iwasn'
tworriedatthebeginningbecauseIthoughtoneofthesnowboardershadcomedownbehindmeandsprayed(飞溅)snowonme.ButthenthesnowsweptmeupandIcametoastopfacedownaboutonemeterunderthesnow.Ilaterfoundoutitwasanavalanche.Itwasterrible.Iliedthereunabletomove.NobodyknewwhereIwasorhadanywayoffindingme.
Afterabout15minutes,bypurechance,oneoftheboyshitthebackofmyleg.Whentheypulledmeout,Iwasn'
tbreathing.Iwaslatertakenbyhelicoptertothehospital,wheretheyblastedhotairacrossmybodytowarmmeup.After36hoursinhospital,IflewhometoEnglandandwithinaweekIwasbackinIschgltofinishtheskiseason.Ijustcouldn'
tquit.
Lookingback,Iwasreallylucky.InowcarryavalanchesafetyequipmentwhenIski,andIwon'
tgooutwithoutcheckingtheavalancheriskfactorwhenthesnowisheavy.Skiingisstillmybiggestpassion(酷爱),butIdon'
ttakerisksanymore.It'
snotworthit.
【语篇解读】 语篇类型是记叙文,主题语境是人与自我之个人生活。
作者在滑雪时遭遇了雪崩,得救后他学会了不盲目冒险。
4.Whydidtheauthorchoosethatareatoski?
A.Itwashisdreamtoskithere.
B.Hisfriendseemedtolovethatarea.
C.Therewasnootherplaceforskiing.
D.Hewantedtoskiinthefreshtrackthere.
D [细节理解题。
根据第二段中的MyfriendshadnicknameditDeathValley...butitwasknownforfreshsnow和第三段中的Togetfreshtracks,Iskiedatthefrontwhenwewereskiing可知,作者想去那里滑雪是因为那儿的滑雪道新鲜没有划痕。
5.Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelwhentheavalanchehappened?
A.Concerned. B.Relaxed.
C.Scared.D.Excited.
B [推理判断题。
根据第三段中的SuddenlyIfeltarushofsnow.Iwasn'
tworriedatthebeginningbecauseIthoughtoneofthesnowboardershadcomedownbehindmeandsprayedsnowonme...Ilaterfoundoutitwasanavalanche可知,当雪崩发生时,作者并未察觉,而仍旧镇定自若地滑雪。
6.Whatlessondidtheauthorlearnfromthatexperience?
A.Heshouldfindasaferpassion.
B.Heshouldlistentoothers'
advice.
C.Heshouldnevergiveuphisdream.
D.Heshouldreduceriskswhileskiing.
D [推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的InowcarryavalanchesafetyequipmentwhenIski,andIwon'
tgooutwithoutcheckingtheavalancheriskfactorwhenthesnowisheavy可知,作者汲取了上次的教训,意识到滑雪时要降低风险。
7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Myexperienceofbeingburiedaliveinanavalanche
B.Animportantlessonfrommypassionofskiing
C.Mymostunforgettableexperienceinmylife
D.AluckydayitIschgl
A [标题判断题。
结合全文可知,文章讲述了作者在一次滑雪时遭遇雪崩,被活埋的经历。
C
Isyourbedroomreallyhot?
Ifitis,itmaybeaffectingyourmemory,andotherthinkingskills.Newresearchshowsthatsleepinginahotroomcanaffectthethinkingabilityofevenhealthyyoungadults.ThisfindingcomesfromHarvardUniversity.Researcherstherelookedat24studentsbefore,duringandafteraheatwavefor12days.Ofthe24students,foursleptinroomswithairconditioning,alsocalled“AC”forshort.And20sleptinroomswithoutAC.
JoseGuillermoledthestudy.Hesaidtheyalsousedtoolsthatrecordedphysicalactivity,includingheartrate,sweat,andsomesleepconditions.Theresearchersalsonotedhowmuchwaterthestudentsdrankandhowmuchtimetheyspentoutside.
Basically,theyfoundgreatharmtothethinkingabilityofthestudyparticipants(参与者)inroomswithoutAC.Duringtheheatwave,studentsinbuildingswithoutACperformedonaverage13percentworseattheteststhanthoseincoolerrooms.Specifically,thestudentswhosleptwithoutACduringaheatwavewereslowertorespondandhaddifficultymakingquickdecisions.
DaisyChang(whowasnotpartofthisstudy)isapsychologistatMichiganStateUniversity.Shesaystherecouldbeotherreasonsfortheirpoorperformance.“Alotofreasonscouldpotentiallyexplainthiskindofexposureeffect.It'
snotnecessarilydirectlyexposuretoheat.Theheatcouldhaveaffectedtheirsleepqualitysothey'
relessrested—theyhavelessenergy,ormentalresources,orabilitytofocus.”
TheroomswithoutAChadfansandopenwindows.So,theywerelouderatnight.Thiscouldhavemadesleepingdifficult.Ontheotherhand,airconditionedroomscanholdhigherlevelsofcarbondioxide.Thiscanalsoaffectaperson'
sabilitytothink.However,thestudentssleptbetterinacoolerroom.
【语篇解读】 语篇类型是说明文,主题语境是人与社会之科学发现。
研究证明,人在闷热的房间睡觉会对思考能力产生消极影响。
8.Accordingtotheresearch,whatisnegativelyaffectedifyourbedroomisreallyhot?
A.Heartrate.B.Waterintake.
C.Bloodpressure.D.Thinkingability.
根据第一段及第三段首句可知,研究发现,人们在没有空调的闷热房间里思考能力会下降。
9.WhydoestheauthormentionDaisyChang?
A.Toshowhowtheheatwaveaffectspeople.
B.Toexplainwherethefindingcanbeapplied.
C.Toindicatethefindingneedstobefurtherinvestigated.
D.Toexplainthereasonsfortheeffectofexposuretoheat.
C [推理判断题。
根据第四段可知,DaisyChang认为造成这种结果的原因也许是多方面的,仅仅是由于炎热就造成思考能力下降未免有些绝对,由此可知该研究结果还需要进一步考证。
10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”referto?
A.TheroomswithoutAC.
B.Thefansandopenwindows.
C.Theairconditionersthemselves.
D.ThestudentsinroomswithoutAC.
A [代词指代题。
根据语境可知,这里的they指代前一句的主语TheroomswithoutAC,没有空调的房间晚上通常开着电扇和窗户,这样噪音更大,不利于睡眠。
11.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?
A.Hotweatheraffectsatriskpopulations.
B.Thestudyitselfwascarelesslyprepared.
C.Itsfindingiscontradictoryandconfusing.
D.Sleepinginhotroomsisbadforthebrain.
综合全文内容可知,不管其他科学家如何质疑炎热与思考能力之间的直接关系,在炎热环境中人类的思考能力确实降低了,这一点是公认的,所以D选项是正确的。
D
Ewasteisgrowing,andwiththatcomestheneedforeffectiveelectronicsrecyclingprograms.PeoplearelookingforinformationonTVrecycling,computerrecycling,andotherprogramsthatwillhelpthemresponsiblygetridofunwantedequipment.
Withnewcheapdevices(设备),societyhasgainedgreatbenefits.However,theyhaveledtoarapidlygrowingissueofendoflife(EOL)electronicsorewaste.Accordingtoonereport,nearly75percentofoldelectronicscontinuetobestoredathomebecauseoftheunavailabilityofconvenientrecyclingprograms.
TheseEOLelectronicdevicesincludesuchitemsasoldfashionedcomputerequipment,televisionsandmobilephones.Suchitemscanoftenberecycled,yetalargeamountstillfindsitswaytothelandfill(垃圾填埋地).Recentrecyclingisunabletocatchupwiththerapidgrowthofewaste.Forexample,for2009,theU.S.EPAreportedthatonly8percentofcellphoneswererecycledbyweight,alongwith17percentoftelevisions,and38percentofcomputers.
Electronicsrecyclingisessential.Electronicsarearichsourceofrawmaterials.Internationally,only1015percentofthegoldinewasteissuccessfullyrecoveredwhiletherestislost.However,electronicwastecontainspreciousmetalevaluatedtobebetween40and50timesricherthanores(矿石)fromtheearth.