Chapter 6 Documentary Collections 跟单托收文档格式.docx

Chapter 6 Documentary Collections 跟单托收文档格式.docx

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TENOR

Thetenoristhecredittermofthedraft.Itcanbeatsight（inasightdraft）oraftersightorafterdate（inatermdraft）.

...CASEOFNEED...

Thecaseofneedisthepartyintheimporter'

scountrynamedbytheexporterwhomayassistinobtainingpaymentoracceptanceofadraftorwhomaybeempoweredbytheexportertoactfullyonhis/herbehalf---waivingofprotest,allowingadiscount,etc.Whetherthecaseofneedis'

forguidance'

or'

accepttheirinstructions'

putanXintheappropriatebox.

...DOCUMENTSAGAINSTPAYMENT

Inthedocumentsagainstpayment（D/P）---documentsonpayment（DOPorD/P）---thedocumentsattachedtothedraft（bill）drawnbytheexporterandneededtoobtaingoodsaredeliverabletotheimporteronlyafterhe/shehaspaidthedraft.Thedocumentsagainstpayment（D/P）areappliedtoasightdraft.

...DOCUMENTSAGAINSTACCEPTANCE

Inthedocumentsagainstacceptance（D/A）---documentsonacceptance（DOAorD/A）---thedocumentsattachedtothedraft（bill）drawnbytheexporterandneededtoobtaingoodsaredeliverabletotheimporteronlyafterhe/shehasacceptedthedraftforpaymentlater.Thedocumentsagainstacceptance（D/A）applytoatermdraft.

REMITPROCEEDS...

Whenthepaymentisreceivedbythecollectingbank,itremitstheproceedstotheremittingbank.Theremittingbankthencredittheaccountoftheexporter,lessanyapplicablecharges.

PROTESTandDONOTPROTEST

Theprotestisthelegalactiontobeundertakenbythecollectingbank,attheinstructionsoftheexporter,incasetheimporterdoesnotpayasightdraft,ordoesnotacceptatermdraft,ordoesnotpayanaccepteddraftonmaturity.Inpractice,theprotestusuallyisrequiredbytheexporteranditismadewithinthree（3）workingdaysafterthepresentationormaturitydate.Incertaincountries,failuretoprotestmaycausetheexportertolosethelegalrightsagainsttheimporter.

Incaseswheretheinstructionis'

donotprotest'

suchaninstructionmayencourageinactionordeferredpaymentbytheimporter.Insomecountries,particularlyintheWest,protestagainsttheimportermayspoilhis/hercreditstanding.Hence,theimporterisencouragedtoactpromptlyif'

protest'

isinstructedbytheexporter.

COLLECTINTEREST...

Theinterestcharge,ifany,normallyisagreeduponbetweentheexporterandimporter.Itiseitherbuiltintotheexportpriceorcollectedseparately.Undercertainpre-arrangedcreditterms,adiscountmaybeallowedontheearlypaymentofatermdraft.

COLLECTALLYOURBANKCHARGES...

Inpractice,thecollectingbankmaynotcollectsomeoftheirchargesdespitethefactthatinstructionstocollectalltheirchargesisgiven.

___DAYSAFTER_____OFTHISSOLEOFEXCHANGE

The'

SOLEOFEXCHANGE'

standsforthesolebillofexchange,popularlycalledthesolabill,whichisadraftwithonlyonecopyissued.

Inasightdraft,entertheword“sight”inthespace'

AFTER___'

andleavethe'

___DAYS'

blankorputdashes（-----）init,forexample,

DAYSAFTER 

sight 

or

----- 

Inatermdraft,enterthenumberofdaysinthe'

andtheword“sight”inthe'

（ifdraftisaftersight）,forexample,

90 

Or,entertheword“date”or“B/Ldate”（billofladingdate）orotherwordingsinthe'

（ifdraftisafterdate）,forexample,

180 

date 

150 

B/Ldate 

6.2BillsofExchange（Drafts）

汇票

Thebillofexchange,commonlyreferredtoasthedraftorthebill,isanunconditionalorderinwriting,signedandaddressedbythedrawer（theexporterusually）tothedrawee（theconfirmingbankortheissuingbankusually）,requiringthedraweetopaythedraweracertainsumofmoneyatsightoratafixedordeterminablefuturetime.

Thedraftiswidelyusedininternationaltrade,mostfrequentlyinthepaymentagainstaletterofcredit（L/C）.ItisalsousedintheopenaccountwithoutanyL/Cinvolved.

SampleInstrument:

Draft

The“No.”（number）intheabovesampledraftmaybeusedfortheexporter'

sreferencenumber.Blankdraftsareavailableatthepayingbank.

1.FirstofExchange（SecondUnpaid）andSecondofExchange（FirstUnpaid）

Inpractice,itisnotuncommonthattwodraftsaredrawnonthedraweebankinaletterofcredit（L/C）toensurethatatleastonedraftreachesthedraweewhentheyaredispatchedseparately.Theissuanceofmorethanonedraftinaletterofcreditfollowsthesamelogicasintheissuanceofbillofladinginmorethanoneoriginal.Attimeseventhreedraftsmaybedrawnonthedraweebank.Thispracticewasnotuncommonformerlyincertaincountries.

Incontrast,normallyonedraft（solabill）isissuedinadocumentarycollectionwherethedraftisdrawnontheimporter.

Thesampledraftshownaboveisthefirstdraft,marked“FirstofExchange（SecondUnpaid）”andthenumber“1”.Theseconddraft,ifanyisissued,ismarked“SecondofExchange（FirstUnpaid）”andthenumber“2”.Somedraftsmaynotbenumbered“1”or“2”.

2.TheLettersofUndertakingInsteadoftheDrafts

Incertainexportingcountries,thegovernmentmaylevyaheavytaxondrafts.Insuchacircumstance,theexportermayrequesttheimportertospecifyinhis/herletterofcredit（L/C）applicationthat“Nodraftsbeissued”.Whenthedocumentsarepresentedtothenegotiatingbank,thebankissuesaletterofundertakingindicatingwhenandwherethemoneywillbepaid,insteadofacceptingadraftdrawnbytheexporter.

3.'

Avalised'

TermDrafts

Theword“aval”inFrenchmeansendorsement.Atermdraftacceptedbytheimporterdoesnotguaranteepaymentonmaturity,henceitisnotreadilyacceptedfordiscountingorascollateralforaloan.Theexportermayarrangetohavetheaccepteddrafttobe'

avalised'

bytheimporter'

sbank---thebankaddsitsendorsementasaguaranteeofpayment.The'

termdraftcanbereadilydiscounted,thusprovidingtheexporterwithimmediatefunds.

6.2.1SightDraftsversusTermDrafts

即期和延付汇票

1.SightDraft

Thesightdraftismostcommonlyusedininternationaltrade.Inasightdraft,thepaymentisondemandoronpresentationofthenegotiationdocumentstothepayingbankortheimporter.Inpractice,thebankmaypaywithinthree（3）workingdays（notinstantly）afterthereceiptandreviewofthenegotiationdocumentsandiftheyareinorder,thatis,thedocumentscomplyexactlywiththeletterofcredit（L/C）stipulations.

Incertaincountrieswherethebusinessrelationshipbetweentheexporterandthebankiswellestablished,thebankmaypaytheexporterafewhoursafterthereceiptofthenegotiationdocumentsthatareinorder.

InthesampleL/Citwasstipulated“availablebyyourdraft（s）drawnatsight”,soasthepaymentisbysightdraft（s）.

2.TermDraft

Thetermdraft---timedraft---isusedinadeferredpaymentarrangement.Thepaymentisonthematuritydatedeterminableinaccordancewiththestipulationsoftheletterofcredit（L/C）.Thematuritydatecanbeatastatedperiodaftersightorafterdate:

▪aftersight---

afterthedraftispresentedtothedraweeforacceptance,forexample,“at90dayssight”and“at120daysaftersight”.

▪afterdate---

afteraspecificdate,forexample,“at150daysB/Ldate”（i.e.,thematuritydateis150daysafterthedateofthebilloflading）and“at180daysafterdate”（i.e.,thematuritydateis180daysafterthedateofthedraft）.

Unlessthematuritydateistiedtoaspecificdate,theimportermayrefusetoacceptthedraftuntilthegoodshavearrived,sosuchadeferredacceptancecanextendthematuritydate.

Inotherwords,inatermdrafttheexporterextendsthecredittotheimporter.

Ifatermdraftisacceptedbytheacceptingbank（inthecaseofdraftdrawnontheconfirmingbankortheissuingbankorotherbankstipulatedintheletterofcredit）,suchdraftbecomeswhatisknownasbanker'

sacceptance.Theexportermayholdthebanker'

sacceptancependingpaymentbythebankonthematuritydateordiscountsitwiththebank,thusprovidestheexporterwithimmediatefunds.

Ifatermdraftisacceptedbytheimporter（inthecaseofdraftdrawnontheimporter）whenitispresentedtohim/herbythecollecting（presenting）bank,suchdraftbecomeswhatisknownastradeacceptance.Inpractice,thecollectingbankusuallyholdsthetradeacceptancependingpaymentbytheimporteronthematuritydateandadvisestheremittingbankofthedateof