甘肃省天水一中学年高一下学期第二次月考英Word格式.docx

甘肃省天水一中学年高一下学期第二次月考英Word格式.docx

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TheiPhone,theiPad:

eachofApple’sproductssoundscoolandhasbecomeafad（一时的风尚）.Applehascleverlytakenadvantageofthepoweroftheletter“i”–--andmanyotherbrandsarefollowingsuit.TheBBC’siPlayer---whichallowsWebuserstowatchTVprogramsontheInternet---usedthetitlein2008.Alovelybear---popularintheUSandUK---thatplaysmusicandvideoiscalled“iTeddy”.Aslimmed-downversion（简装本）ofLondon’sIndependentnewspaperwasstartedlastweekunderthename“i”.

Ingeneral,single-letterprefixes（前缀）havebeenpopularsincethe1990s,whentermssuchase-mailande-commerce（电子商务）firstcameintouse.

Most“i”productsaretargetedat（针对）youngpeopleandconsideringthemajorreadersofIndependent’s“i”,it’snosurprisethatthey’veselectedthisfashionablename.

Butit’shardtoseewhat’ssospecialabouttheletter“i”.Whynotuse“a”,“b”,or“c”instead?

AccordingtoTonyThorne,headoftheLanguageCenteratKing’sCollege,London,“i”worksbecauseitsmeaninghasbecomeambiguous.WhenAppleuses“i”,nooneknowswhetheritmeansInternet,information,individualorinteractive,ThornetoldBBCMagazines.“EvenwhenApplecreatedtheiPod,itseemsitdidn’thaveonecleardefinition（定义）,”hesays.

“However,thankstoApple,thetermisnowconnectedwithportability（轻便）.”addsThorne.

Clearlytheletter“i”alsoagreeswiththeideathattheWesternWorldiscenteredontheindividual.Eachpersonbelievestheyhavetheirownneeds,andwelovepersonalizedproductsforthisreason.

Alongwith“Google”and“blog”,readersofBBCMagazinesvoted“i”asoneofthetop20wordsthathavecometodefinethelastdecade（十年）.

Butashistoryshows,peoplegrowtiredoffads.Fromthe1900sto1990s,productswith“2000”intheirnamesbecamefashionableastheyearwasconnectedwithallthingsadvancedandmodern.However,asweenteredthenewcentury,thefashiondisappeared.

1.WecaninferthattheIndependent’s“i”isdesignedfor_________.

A.oldreadersB.youngreaders

C.fashionablewomenD.engineers

2.Theunderlinedword“ambiguous”means“__________”.

A.popularB.clearC.uncertainD.unique

3.Nowadays,the“i”termoftenremindspeopleoftheproductswhichare__________.

A.portableB.environmentallyfriendlyC.advancedD.recyclable

4.Thewritersuggeststhat__________.

A.“i”productsareoftenofhighquality

B.iTeddyisalivebear

C.theletter“b”replacesletter“i”tonametheproducts

D.thepopularityof“i”productsmaynotlastlong

B

Oneofmyfirstmemoriesasachildinthe1950swasadiscussionIhadwithmybrotherinourtinybedroominthefamilyhouseinBethlehem,Pennsylvania.

WehadheardinschoolaboutaplanetcalledPluto.Itwasthefarthest,coldest,anddarkestthingachildcouldimagine.Weguessedhowlongitwouldtaketodieifwestoodonthesurfaceofsuchafrozenplacewearingonlytheclotheswehadon.WetriedtofigureouthowmuchcolderPlutowasthanAntarctica,orthanthecoldestdaywehadeverexperiencedinPennsylvania.

Pluto,whichfamouslywasdowngradedfroma“majorplanet”toa“dwarfplanet”（矮星）in2006,capturedourimaginationbecauseitwasamysterythatcouldcompleteourpictureofwhatitwaslikeatthemostremotecornersofoursolarsystem

Pluto’sunderdogdiscoverystoryispartofwhatmakesitsoattractive.ClydeTombaughwasaKansasfarmboywhobuilttelescopesoutofspareautoparts,oldfarmequipmentandself-groundlenses.AsanassistantatLowellObservatoryinFlagstaff,Arizona,Tombaugh'

staskwastosearchmillionsofstarsforamovingpointoflight,aplanetthattheobservatory’sfounderthoughtexistedbeyondtheorbitofNeptune.OnFebruary18，1930，Tombaughfoundit.PlutowasthefirstplanetdiscoveredbyanAmerican,andrepresentedamomentoflightinthemidstoftheGreatDepression’sdarkencroachment（入侵）.

Plutoismuchmorethansomethingthatisnotaplanet.It’sareminderthattherearemanyworldsouttherebeyondourownandthattheskyisn’tthelimitatall.Wedon’tknowwhatkindsoffantasticvariationsonathemenatureiscapableofmakinguntilwegettheretolook.

5.WhydidPlutobecomefamousin2006accordingtothepassage?

A.Becauseitlostitsmajorplanetstatus.

B.Becauseitdisappearedinthesky.

C.BecauseitwasdiscoveredbyanAmerican.

D.Becauseitwasprovedtobethecoldestplanetintheuniverse.

6.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AnAmericanScientist:

ClydeTombaugh

B.PlutowasFirstDiscoveredbyaBoy

C.Pluto’sStrangeRomance

D.TheDaysISpentwithMyBrotherinPennsylvania

7.Whatcanwelearnfromthefourthparagraph?

A.ClydeTombaughdiscoveredthedarknessintheGreatDepression.

B.PlutowastheonlyplanetthatwasdiscoveredbyClydeTombaugh.

C.ClydeTombaugh’sjobwastobuildtelescopesforLowellObservatory.

D.ClydeTombaugh’stelescopesusedforsearchingstarswereverysimple.

C

“DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamLastFriday?

”LindseywhisperstoTori.

Withhereyesshining,Toribrags，“YoubetIdid,Seantoldmetwodaysago.”

WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout?

Itjusthappenedtobeyourstruly,AdamFreedmam,Icantellyouthatwhattheyaresayingis（a）notniceand（b）noteventrue.Still,LindseyandToriaren’tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHighSchool,includingme.Manyofourconversationsaregossip（闲话）.Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip:

itcanhurtpeople,itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction,anditcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.

Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.Usually,gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopic-breakups,troubleathome,evendroppingout-thatapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.Themoreembarrassingorshamefulthesecretis,thejuicierthegossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleoftenthinkofgossipersasharmless,butcruelliescancausepain.

Ifweknowthatgossipcanbeharmful,thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?

Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:

thesatisfactionitgivesus.Sharingthelatestrumor（传言）canmakeapersonfeelimportantbecauseheorsheknowssomethingthatothersdon’t.Similarly,hearingthelatestrumorcanmakeapersonfeellikepartofthe“ingroup.”Inotherwords,gossipissatisfyingbecauseitgivespeopleasenseofbelongingorevensuperiority（优越感）.

Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect:

itstrengthensunwritten,unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviorsinagroup.Translatedintohighschoolterms,thismeansthatifeverybodyyouhangaroundwithislaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid,thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsayingsomethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.Thedosanddon’tsconveyedthroughgossipwillnevershowupinanystudenthandbook.

Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesituation.Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thingaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour“juicystory”mighthave.

8.Theauthorusesaconversationatthebeginningofthepassageto.

A.introduceatopicB.presentanargument

C.describethecharactersD.clarifyhiswritingpurpose

9.ProfessorDavidWilsonthinkthatgossipcan.

A.providestudentswithwrittenrulesB.helppeoplewatchtheirownbehaviors

C.forceschooltoimprovestudenthandbooksD.attractthepolice’sattentiontogroupbehaviors

10.Whatadvicedoestheauthorgiveinthepassage?

A.NeverbecomeagossiperB.Stayawayfromgossipers

C.Don’tletgossipturnintoliesD.Thinktwicebeforeyougossip.

第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项（共5题，每题2分）。

11Peopletraveledinsearchoffoodandshelterorinordertofleefromtheirenemies.Sometimestheywerelookingforgoldorsilverinordertobecomerich.Onotheroccasionstheyweresearchingforrichfarmland.

Thisisnottosaythatnooneevertraveledjustforfun.Eveninancienttimes,somepleasuretraveloccurred.Duringatypicalseason,700,000tourists.wouldcrowdintotheancientcityofRome,whereanimalsperformedandmagiciansentertainedthem.12

13Internationaltouristarrivalsalonereachedasmanyas546millionin1994andareforecasttoriseto937millionin2010,accordingtotheWorldTradeOrganization.

14Probablythemostcommonreasonfortravelingisrelatedtoourphysicalwell-being.Actually,travelingtosportseventsisoneofthefastestgrowingtypesoftravel.Inourfastdeveloping,modernsocietywherestresshasbecomepartofpeople’slife,peoplecanrestandrelaxbyhavingachangeofenvironmentandactivities.

15Nooneseemstodoubtthattravelbroadensthemind.In18thcenturyEurope,youngmenwouldgoonaGrandTourtovariouscountriesinordertocompletetheireducation.Todaythedesiretotraveltodifferentcountriesisencouragedbymodemmassmedia.Peoplewhotraveltoothercountriescanatthesametimelearnmoreabouttheirowncountryandculture.

A.Butwhydopeopleliketravelingsomuch?

B.Throughouthistory,mosttravelwasnotforpleasure.

C.Sotheytraveltoalakeforaswimortoaparkforahike.

D.Theimprovementintransportationhasalsoencouragedpeopletotravel.

E.WealthyRomansmadetripstoGreecetotakepartintheOlympicGames.

F.Thegrowthoftourismhasbecomeamodernphenomenonexperiencedbyallcountriesintheworld.

G.Anotherimpor