翻译资格考试二级笔译备考试题整合.docx
《翻译资格考试二级笔译备考试题整合.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《翻译资格考试二级笔译备考试题整合.docx(6页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![翻译资格考试二级笔译备考试题整合.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2022-10/22/84a4b4d3-4f0e-4fc6-9148-3904be48477c/84a4b4d3-4f0e-4fc6-9148-3904be48477c1.gif)
翻译资格考试二级笔译备考试题整合
翻译资格考试二级笔译备考试题
Carmaking:
TrackMentality
PSAGroup’sbosshasreviveditsfortunes.Heisn’tdone
CarlosTavareslikestomovequickly.ThebossofPSA,makerofPeugeotsandCitro?
ns,hasapassionformotorracingandspeedpervadeshisday-to-dayactivities,too.TheintensePortuguesearrivesabruptlyformeetingsanddepartssoswiftlythatittakesafewsecondstorealisethathehasgone.Hisreputationasthemosttalentedbossnowrunningacarcompanyisalsobuiltonspeed–hisrapidandremarkableturnaroundoftwostrugglingfirms,firstPSAitselfandthenOpel,acquiredfromGeneralMotors(GM)in2017.Steeringhismass-marketfirmtowardsthefutureofcarmakingwillnotbeeasy.
ThepermanentfrowncloudingMrTavares’sbrowisatestamenttothetoughjobshehaspulledoff.First,aftertakingthewheelofPSAin2014afteryearsofheavylosses,herescueditfrombankruptcy.Tonear-universalsurprise,herestoredthefirmtotheblackinayear.Revenuesandprofitshavesincegrownhandsomely;profitmarginsnowrivalthoseofGermanpremiumcarmakers.
AsMaximePicat,PSA’sdirectorofoperationinEurope,drilyobserves,seekingprofitsfirstandvolumesafterwardshas“notalwaysbeenthecase”inanindustrythathasprioritisedsalesandmarketshare.PSAsoughttosellfewercarsatabiggermark-up.Itaxednichemodelsthatmadelittlemoneyandslashedcostsbylimitingthebewilderingarrayofcombinationsofengines,bodystylesandthelike.
WhenPSAwascriticisedforlackingthehefttomakebiginvestmentsinelectricvehiclesandself-drivingcars,MrTavarespaidGM?
.3bn($1.4bn)foritsstrugglingEuropeanarm.Thisaddedaround1mvehiclesayeartothe2.8mtherestofthegroupbuiltin2018,makingitEurope’ssecond-biggestcarmakerbehindVolkswagen.Heappliedhistacticsagain,thistimetoacompanywhichhadsufferedtwodecadesoflossestotallingaround$20bnunderAmericanownership.In2018Opelreportedanoperatingprofitofover?
60m.
TheresurrectionoftwostrugglingcargiantshaspropelledPSA’ssharepriceby14%overthepastyear.Steeringthecombinedfirmthroughthenextseriesofbendswilltakeadifferentsetofskills,however.CarsalesinEurope,wherePSAgenerates80%ofrevenues,arelessbriskthaninthepast.MarketssuchasIndiaandRussia,whichMrTavaresiseyeing,aretrickiertonegotiate.PSAhasstruggledinChina,wherecarmakershavedonewellinrecentyears.MakinghumdrumOpels(soldasVauxhallsinBritain)desirablewillrequireheavyspending.Placidunions,whichrecognisedPSA’sdifficulties,maybecomelesssoasitshealthimproves.
AplantoreturntoAmericahasalsometwithscepticism.PSA’sbrandsarelargelyforgottenthere–thelastone,Peugeot,departed28yearsago.Ratherthanspendingheavilyonmarketing,buildingafactoryandlosingmoney“likehell”,MrPicatsays,PSAwillstartwithcar-sharingservicestoreintroducethemarquesgraduallyaspartofaten-yearprojectthatwill“makemoneyateverystep”.ThisseemstobeoneplacewhereMrTavaresiscontenttogoslowly.
Furtherdowntheroad,heworriesabouttheaddedcostsofelectrificationtomeetEUemissionstargets.TheAmericancar-sharingventurewilloffersomeexperienceinmobilityservices,butPSAlagsbehindmanyrivalsinautonomousvehicles.Allthiswillrequireheavyspending.
Greaterscalewouldhelp.MrTavaresisonthelookoutfordeals.Atie-upwithGMorFiatChryslerAutomobiles(whosechairman,JohnElkann,sitsontheboardofTheEconomist’sparentcompany)hasbeenrumoured.SohasatakeoverofstrugglingJaguarLandRoverfromitsIndianowners.Someindustry-watchersthinkconsolidationisimminent–andvirtuallyallbelieveitisnecessarytosharethecostsofdevelopingelectricvehicles,self-drivingcarsandmobilityservices.SincethedeathlastyearofSergioMarchionne,FiatChrysler’slegendaryboss,andthelegaltravailsinJapanofCarlosGhosn,ejectedfromhisleadershiprolesintheRenault-Nissan-Mitsubishialliance,manyobserversseeMrTavaresastheonlycarbosswiththeskilltocutbiganddifficultdeals.
汽车制造:
赛道心态
PSA的老板已令集团重振雄风,但使命尚未完成
标致和雪铁龙汽车的制造商PSA的老板唐唯实喜欢快速行动。
他热爱赛车,日常工作也是雷厉风行。
在公司会议上,这位性情热烈的葡萄牙人会突然来到,又迅疾离去,大家要过几秒钟才能反应过来他已离场。
他之所以被誉为最具才华的汽车公司老板,也是因为速度——他迅速扭转了两家公司的颓势,先是PSA自己,然后是PSA在2017年从通用汽车收购的欧宝,成绩惊人。
不过,带领这家大众市场汽车公司迈向汽车制造业的未来并非易事。
唐唯实终日眉头深锁,足以证明他成就的是何等艰巨的任务。
首先,2014年,他在PSA严重亏损多年后掌舵,将公司从破产边缘拉回。
几乎出乎所有人的意料,他在一年内便使公司扭亏为盈。
之后收入和利润均大幅增长,到现在利润率已经可以媲美德国的高端汽车制造商。
PSA的欧洲运营总监毕高诚淡淡地说,在这个向来强调销售和市场份额的行业,先求利润再谈销量“不是常见做法”。
而PSA正是以较高的成本加成销售少一些的汽车。
它砍掉了不怎么赚钱的小众车型,同时减少令人眼花缭乱的发动机、车身款式等配置选择以降低成本。
在PSA被批体量不足,无法对电动汽车和无人驾驶大笔投入时,唐唯实花费13亿欧元(14亿美元)收购了通用汽车陷入困境的欧洲业务。
PSA在2018年的汽车年产量原本为280万辆,收购之后增加约100万辆,使之成为仅次于大众的欧洲第二大汽车制造商。
唐唯实再次施展魔法,这次是对一家在美国人掌控下在20年间累计亏损约200亿美元的公司。
而到了2018年,欧宝的营业利润超过8.6亿欧元。
两家陷入困境的汽车巨头成功逆袭,推动PSA的股价在过去一年里上涨了14%。
然而,要驾驭合并后的公司顺利通过下一串弯道需要的是另一套技能。
在欧洲(为PSA