火车票自动售票机系统交互设计Word文档下载推荐.docx

火车票自动售票机系统交互设计Word文档下载推荐.docx

《火车票自动售票机系统交互设计Word文档下载推荐.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《火车票自动售票机系统交互设计Word文档下载推荐.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

关键字火车票自动售票机人机交互交互系统界面设计

Ourcountry’srailwayhassteppedonthestageofrapiddevelopment;

however,thewindowssellingcannotkeepupwiththehighpaceofmodernlife.Sotheticketvendorsystemcameintobeing.Thetraintickervendorhastoreceivethefurtherconsiderationinitsfriendlinessbetweenthemachineandcustomers,initspracticabilityandintegrityoffunctions.Thetextanalyzedeveryelementofmanandmachineinteractionsystemoftheticketvendorandfiguredoutthemethodandfundamentalprinciplesofthedesignforthemachine.User-oriented,wefindoutthedisadvantagesofthepresentticketvendorandusers’demandsforthevendorinthefuture.Now,thedirectionofthepreviousdesignhasbeenimprovedandaschemaofthepolisheddesignhasbeenpresentedresultinginprovidingareferenceforthedevelopmentaldirectionofdesignfortheticketvendorinteractionsystem.

DOGeye:

Controllingyourhomewitheyeinteraction

∙DarioBonino 

∙EmilianoCastellina 

∙FulvioCorno 

∙LuigiDeRussis

∙

∙PolitecnicodiTorino,DipartimentodiAutomaticaedInformatica,CorsoDucadegliAbruzzi24,10129Torino,Italy

∙Received29October2021.Revised15April2021.Accepted15June2021.Availableonline23June2021.

∙http:

//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2021.06.002, 

HowtoCiteorLinkUsingDOI

∙CitedbyinScopus（0）

∙Permissions&

Reprints

Abstract

Nowadayshomeautomation,withitsincreasedavailability,reliabilityandwithitseverreducingcostsisgainingmomentumandisstartingtobecomeaviablesolutionforenablingpeoplewithdisabilitiestoautonomouslyinteractwiththeirhomesandtobettercommunicatewithotherpeople.However,especiallyforpeoplewithseveremobilityimpairments,thereisstillalackoftoolsandinterfacesforeffectivecontrolandinteractionwithhomeautomationsystems,andgeneral–purposesolutionsareseldomapplicableduetothecomplexity,asynchronicity,timedependentbehavior,andsafetyconcernstypicalofthehomeenvironment.Thispaperfocusesonuser–environmentinterfacesbasedontheeyetrackingtechnology,whichoftenistheonlyviableinteractionmodalityforusersassuch.Weproposeaneye-basedinterfacetacklingthespecificrequirementsofsmartenvironments,alreadyoutlinedinapublicRecommendationissuedbytheCOGAINEuropeanNetworkofExcellence.TheproposedinterfacehasbeenimplementedasasoftwareprototypebasedontheETUuniversaldriver,thusbeingpotentiallyabletorunonavarietyofeyetrackers,anditiscompatiblewithawidesetofsmarthometechnologies,handledbytheDomoticOSGiGateway.Afirstinterfaceevaluation,withusertestingsessions,hasbeencarriedandresultsshowthattheinterfaceisquiteeffectiveandusablewithoutdiscomfortbypeoplewithalmostregulareyemovementcontrol.

Highlights

►Letspeoplewithimpairedmobilityinteractautonomouslywiththeirsmarthomes.►Reportsprinciplesforrealizinganapplicationforhousecontrolwitheyetracking.►Designanddevelopmentofamultimodaleye-basedinterfaceforenvironmentalcontrol.►Qualitativeandquantitativeevaluation,throughuserstudy,oftheproposedinterface.

Keywords

∙Human–homeinteraction;

∙Smarthomes;

∙Domotics;

∙Usability;

∙Userinterface;

∙Userstudy

1.Introduction

Inthelast5 

years,（smart）homeautomationgainedanewmomentum,thankstoanincreasedavailabilityofcommercialsolutionsandtosteadlyreducingcosts.Theevergreenappealofautomated,intelligenthomestogetherwitharaisingtechnologymaturityhasfosterednewresearchchallengesandopportunitiesinthefieldof“intelligent”or“smart”environments.AccordingtotheMarkWeiserdefinition,aSmartHomesystem,thatinthispaperwedeclineasdomoticorenvironmentalcontrolsystem,is“aphysicalworldthatisrichlyandinvisiblyinterwovenwithsensors,actuators,displaysandcomputationalelements,embeddedseamlesslyintheeverydayobjectofourlives,andconnectedthroughacontinuousnetwork”（Weiser,2021）,providingwaysforcontrolling,interactingandmonitoringthehouse.Theideabehindthisvisionisthathomesoftomorrowwouldbesmartenoughtocontrolthemselves,understandcontextsinwhichtheyoperateandperformsuitableactionsunderinhabitants’supervision（Bierhoffetal.,2021）.Althoughsmartandautonomoushomesmightraisecontroversialopinionsonhowsmartaretheyorshouldtheybe,currentlyavailablecommercialsolutionscanstartplayingarelevantroleasenablingtechnologyforimprovingthecareoftheelderly（ 

[Berlo,2021] 

and 

[Zhangetal.,2021]）andofpeoplewithdisabilities（[ChikhaouiandPigot,2021] 

[Chanetal.,2021]）,reducingtheirdailyworkloadinthehouse,andenablingthemtolivemoreautonomouslyandwithabetterqualityoflife.Evenifsuchsystemsarefarfromcutting-edgeresearchsolutions,theyarestillreallycomplextomastersincetheyhandleandcoordinateseveraldevicesandapplianceswithdifferentfunctionalitiesandwithdifferentcontrolgranularities.

Inparticular,amongotherdisabilities,peoplewhohaveseverelyimpairedmotorabilitiescantakegreatadvantagesfromeyetrackingsystemstocontroltheirhomes,sincetheygenerallyretainnormalcontroloftheireyes,thatbecomethereforetheirpreferentialstreamofinteraction（HornofandCavender,2021）.Eyetrackingcantransformssuchalimitedabilityintobothacommunicationchannelandaninteractionmedium,openingpossibilitiesforcomputer-basedcommunicationandcontrolsolutions（Doneganetal.,2021）.Evenifeyetrackingisoftenusedforregisteringeyemovementsinusabilitystudies,itcanbesuccessfullyexploitedasalternativeinputmodalitytocontroluserinterfaces.Homeautomationcanthenbridgethegapbetweensoftwareandtangibleobjects,enablingpeoplewithmotordisabilitiestoeffectivelyandphysicallyengagewiththeirsurroundings（Andrichetal.,2021）.Severalhousecontrolinterfaceshavebeenproposedintheliterature,i.e.,applicationstoallowsuserstocontroldifferenttypesofdevicesintheirhomes,tohandletriggeredalarms,etc.Suchinterfaces,eitherbasedonconventionalunimodal（KoskelaandVä

ä

nä

nen-Vainio-Mattila,2021）ormultimodalinteractions（Weingartenetal.,2021）（e.g.,mouse,remotecontroller,etc.）,aretoooftenuncomfortableand/oruselessforpeoplewithsevereimpairedmotorabilities,andonlyfewofthemhavebeenspecificallydesignedanddevelopedtobecontrolledwitheyemovements.

In2021,applicationsbasedongazeinteractionhavebeenanalyzedbyaEuropeanNetworkofExcellence,namedCOGAIN（CommunicationbyGazeInteraction）2,toevaluatethestate-of-the-artandtoidentifypotentialweaknessesandfuturedevelopments.Accordingtothereport“D2.4AsurveyofExisting‘defacto’StandardsandSystemsofEnvironmentalControl”（Batesetal.,2021）,theCOGAINNetworkidentifieddifferentproblemsineye-basedhousecontrolapplications,suchasthelackofadvancedfunctionalitiesforcontrollingsomeappliancesofthehouse,theabsenceofinteroperabilitybetweendifferentsmarthousesystemsorthedifficultytouseaneyetrackerforrealizingsomeactions.Inasubsequentreport（Cornoetal.,2021）,COGAINmembersproposedsolutionstoovercomethediscoveredproblems.Inparticular,theyproposed21guidelinestopromotesafetyandaccessibilityineyetrackingbasedenvironmentalcontrolapplications.

ThispaperdescribesthedesignanddevelopmentofDOGeye,oneofthefirsthomecontrolapplicationsdesignedforgaze-basedinteractionandbyexplicitlyaccountingfortheCOGAINguidelines.DOGeyeisamultimodaleye-basedapplicationforhomemanagementandcontrol,basedonstate-of-the-arttechnologiesinbothtrackingandhomecontrol.Itenablespeopletocontroltheirdomotichomesthroughdifferentinputdevices,possiblycombined,sothatitdoesnotlimititselftoeyetrackingonly.ThepresenceofvariousinputmodalitiesallowsapplicationusebyotherpeoplepresentinthehouseandoffersdifferentalternativestothepersonsaffectedbypossiblyevolvingimpairmentssuchastheALS（AmyothrophicLateralSclerosis）.

Theremainderofthepaperisorganizedasfollows:

Section 

2 

presentsthebasicfeaturesofeyetrackingtechnologyandthecharacteristicsofeye-baseduserinterfaceswhileSection 

3 

presentstheworkaccomplishedbythemembersoftheCOGAINNetworkanddescribesCOGAINguidelinesforeyetrackingbasedenvironmentalcontrolapplications.Section 

4 

reportsrelevantrelatedworksandfindings.DOGeyedesignandarchitectureisdescribedinSection 

5,whileSections 

6 

7 

reportthesetupandresultsofausertestinvolvingpeopleinacontrolledenvironment,thusbuildingthebasisforfurtherconsiderationsandresearch.Section 

8 

concludesthepaperandoutlinesfutureworks.

2.Eyetrackingbasics

Tobetterunderstandtheprinciplesandimplementationofeyecontrolledinterface,thissectiondefinessometermsandfeaturespertainingtoeyemovementsandeyetracking.

Theeyedoesnotgenerallymovesmoothlyoverthevisualfield;

instead,itmakesaseriesofquickjumps,called 

saccades,alongwithotherspecializedmovements（HaberandHershenson,1973）.Asaccadelasts30–120 

ms,andtypicallycovers15–20degreesofvisualangle（Jacob,1995）.Betweensaccades,thegazepoint,i.e.,thepointinascenewhereapersonislooking,staysatthesameloca