语言学教程复习题与答案Word格式文档下载.docx

语言学教程复习题与答案Word格式文档下载.docx

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13.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.

14.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.

15.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.

16.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.

17.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.

18.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.

19.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.

20.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

21. 

Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.

22.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.

23.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothepheno广告网址nthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:

alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.

24.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.

26.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned. 

27.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.

28.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.

29.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.

30.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

31.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.

A.prescriptive 

B.analyticC.descriptive 

D.linguistic32.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?

A.Arbitrariness 

B.DisplacementC.Duality 

D.Meaningfulness

33.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.

A.primary 

B.correct 

C.secondary 

D.stable

34.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.A. 

inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting

B. 

speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.C. 

speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue 

D. 

Alloftheabove

35.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.

A.synchronic 

B.diachronicC.prescriptive 

D.comparative

36.Saussuretooka（n）__________viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.

A.sociological…psychological 

B.psychological…sociological

C.applied…pragmatic 

D.semanticandlinguistic

37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A.parole 

B.performance 

C.langue 

D.Language

38.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.

A.sense 

B.sounds 

C.objects 

D.ideas

39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,

A.displacement 

B.duality 

C.flexibility 

D.culturaltransmission

40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough____,ratherthanbyinstinct.

A.learning 

B.teaching 

C.books 

D.bothAandB

IV.Definethefollowingterms:

41.Linguistics 

42.Phonology 

43.Syntax 

44.Pragmatics 

45.Psycholinguistics 

46.Language 

47.Phonetics 

48.Morphology 

49.Semantics 

50.Sociolinguistics 

51.AppliedLinguistics52.Arbitrariness 

53Productivity 

54.Displacement 

55.Duality 

56.DesignFeatures57.Competence 

58Performance 

59.Langue 

60Parole

V.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamples 

forillustrationifnecessary:

61.Languageisgenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedfor 

humancommunication.Explainitindetail.

62.Whatarethedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?

Illustratethemwithexamples.

63.Howismodernlinguisticsdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar?

64.Howdoyouunderstandthedistinctionbetweenasynchronicstudyandadiachronicstudy?

65.Whydoesmodernlinguisticsregardthespokenformoflanguageasprimary,notthewritten?

66.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?

67.Howdoyouunderstandcompetenceandperformance?

68.Saussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleseemssimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance.Whatdoyouthinkaretheirmajordifferences?

69.Doyouthinkhumanlanguageisentirelyarbitrary?

Why?

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

l.T 

2.F 

3.F 

4.T 

5.T 

6.F 

7.T 

8.F 

9.T 

10.F 

11.T 

12.T 

13.T 

14.T 

15.T 

16.F 

17.T 

18.F 

19.F 

20.F

21.knowledge 

22.abstract 

23.Duality 

24.arbitrary25.syntax 

26.genetic 

27.Parole 

28.applied 

29.productive 

30.scientific（orsystematic）

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.3l.C 

32.D 

33.C 

34.D 

35.B 

36.A 

37.C 

38.B 

39.A 

40.D

41. 

Linguistics:

Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.42. 

Phonology:

Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.43. 

Syntax:

Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax.44.Pragmatics:

Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.45. 

Psycholinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.46. 

Language:

Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.47. 

Phonetics:

Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.48. 

Morphology:

Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.49. 

Semantics:

Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.50. 

Sociolinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.51. 

Appliedlinguistics:

Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Inabroadsense,itreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblemssuchastherecoveryofspeechability.52. 

Arbitrariness:

Itisoneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds53. 

Productivity:

Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossiblethecon-structionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.54. 

Displacement:

Displacementmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Inotherwords,languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker55. 

Duality:

Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.56. 

Designfeatures:

Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication57. 

Competence:

Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser'

sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,58. 

Performance:

performanceist