中美HRM对比和国家角色Word文档格式.docx

中美HRM对比和国家角色Word文档格式.docx

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Content1

Introduction2

Context2

1.America2

2.China3

Roleofstates4

1.America5

2.China6

Conclusion7

Appendix8

Introduction

Asthe2007to2009globaleconomiccriseswashawaytheoldeconomicsystemlikeaflood,newgamesaregoingtobuildinthecapitalmarketandtheeconomicsystem.Anewdefinedsubject,HumanResourceManagement,showsitsownpowerinthenew-builteconomy.HumanResourceManagement,socalledHRM,isajobthatseparatedfromtheworkoftraditionalmanageranditismainlyrelyonthedevelopmentofacompanyoreventheeconomyofacountry.

Inthe2011world,ChinaandAmericaareplayingimportantrolesintheglobaleconomy.ThesubprimemortgagecrisisdirectlyleadstothecollapseofthehousingbubbleinUnitedStatesandfinallycausestheglobaleconomiccrisis.Asthecradlelandoftheworldeconomycrisis,theUnitedStatessuffersagreatlossinthiscrisis.Notonlysufferingtheeconomicrecession,theUnitesStatesisgoingtoloseitspowerofcontrollingglobaleconomylittlebylittle.But,ChinadidnotsufferasmuchimpactaswesterncountriesandUnitedStatesbyvirtueofitsreformandopening-uppolicyandsocialistmarketeconomy.Asoneofthemostimportantemergingeconomicbody,theeconomyinChinausesapowerfulrateof9.3%toproveitswillofbeingstronger.

ChinaandAmericaarethemostpowerfulcountriesofsocialismcountriesandcapitalismcountriesintheworld.Bytheeffectofthenatureofthecountry,employmentsystemsandHRstrategies,policiesandpractices,theyhavedifferenthumanresourcemanagement.

Context

1.America

AccordingtotheresearchofBureauofLaborStatisticsin2010,thepopulationofUnitedStatesis309,653,000andthenumberoflaborforceis157,695,000.Thenumberofworkforcetakesapercentageofnearly50%inthetotalpopulation.AstheU.S.populationdoubledin50yearslatelastcentury,theworkforcehasalsorisen,from62million（1950）tonearly158million（2010）.

ThehumanresourcemanagementintheUnitedStatespassesthreestagesoftraditionalHRMwhicharefilemanagement（beforethemidof1960）,governmentaccountability（1964tolate1970s）andorganizationalresponsibility（1980s）.Afterthis,UnitedStatescomesagoldenperiodofhumanresourcemanagementin1990sforHROutsourcingandhightechnologyareusedinhumanresourcemanagementwhichreleasealotoflaborforce.

Whilethelaborforceswerereleasedbytheendof20century,thehumanresourcemanagementwasbroadenitseffecttothecommercialpartneroftheorganization.While,Edward（2005）thinkthatitagreatsuccessthathumanresourcemanagementstepoverthegapbetweenthenaturalworksofHRMandhavingeffectonbusinessmanagementandHRMhelpstheorganizationtransferthedirectlysupplierintoitscommercialpartner.ThisstepextendsthebusinessofHRprofessionalthattheymustconquertheknowledgeofsale,developmentofthecorporation.Theconceptoftraditionalhumanresourcemanagementwasbroadeningtothebasedmanagerswhoarefacingthesupplierdirectly.

Forexample,thecorporationinHuston,SYSCO,didagreatjobinthisitemswhichtransferthisstrategyintoprofitandgainthe“MostAdmiredcompanies”ofFortuneAmericain2003（WayneF.Cascio,2005）.SYSCOisthefirst-classwholesalefoodagencyinNorthAmericawhohires48000employeesandmakes26billiondollarssalesayear.However,75%ofSYSCO’sworkingcostwasrelatedtothelaborforce.Thefirmgetstheconditionofhumanresourcebythereflectionwhichisshowedbytherateofemployees’satisfaction,thenumberofemployeeswhosells100thousandboxesandtherateofemployeeretention.Thesethreedatasomehowreflectstherateofcustomersatisfactionwhichenhancetherelationshipbetweenemployeesandworkingcapital.ThemarketpartnerretentionrateofSYSCOraisedfrom70%in1998to82%2004，theraisesaved7milliondollarsayearforthecorporation.Thedeliveryagencyretentionrateraisesfrom65%in1998to85%2004whichsaved5milliondollarsayear.

Whilethehumanresourcemanagementisdeveloping,theusesofHRMaremuchdeeperandmoreexecutive.Thepositionofhumanresourcerisesagainanditisnowusedintostrategypartner.Newhumanresourceisdirectlyfacingthedecision-makinggroupsoftheenterprisewhicharethegroupofpeoplewhomakeupandpracticethestrategyofthecompany.Afterthepositionhasbeenchanged,thestrategyofthecorporationbecomethecoreoftheenterprise’sculture,thestructureofthecompany,wagesystemandstaffrecruitment.

2.China

Largepopulationandrichlaborforcearethebasicfactofchina’shumanresourcemarket.Aresearchstatesthatthepopulationofchinais1,334,740,000（HongKong,MacaoandTaiwanarenotincluded）.Thenumberoflaborforceresourceis1,069,690,000andtheamountofthepeoplewhogetajob（temporaryworkerandfull-timeemployees）is779,950,000.ComparedtothedatathatisshowedinthereportoftheStateDepartmentin2000,112,670,000newlyincreasedlaborforcesisaddedandthenumberofemployeesisincreasedby59,100,000.But,theworkerswhogetajobinthecityincrease79,690,000from231,510,000（2000）.

Withthehigh-speeddevelopmentofChineseeconomyandthestructureofhumanresourcemarket,thedistributionoflaborforceinthehumanresourcemarketisgoingtoreachthelevelofoptimizationstructure.Thepercentageoftheprimaryindustryissubstantiallyreducing.Inthesametime,thislossintheprimaryindustrymostlytransfersintothetertiaryindustry.Thescaleoftheprimaryindustry,thesecondaryindustryandthetertiaryindustryis38.1:

27.8:

34.1（2009）whichthedataofthisscaleis50.0:

22.5:

27.5in2000.

Chinaisadevelopingcountrywhichhasthelargestpopulationintheworld,1.3billionpeopleimpliesextremelyrichresourceoflaborforce.AfterthePeopleRepublicofChinasetupin1949,laborforcewashighlyconcernedbythegovernmentofChina.Especially,thetimewhichthepolicyofChinachangestoReformandOpening-upin1970s,theChinesegovernmentinsiststhecentralpolicyofhumanresourcewhichispeople-oriented.Thegovernmentstatesthatlabor,knowledge,personwithabilityandcreationmustberespectedbyeverypolicyandinvestedintobythegovernment.Forexample,theaverageyearsofthepeople（morethan15yearsold）whohavehadeducationis8.9years.And,9.9%ofthemainlylaborforcehavehadhighereducation.Thestructureofthehumanresourcetendstochangeintoahighermarket.

Generallyspeaking,richhumanresourceisoneofthemostimportantpointswhichsupportthehigh-speeddevelopmentinchina.But,themodeoffunctioningthelaborforceisstillsimpleandlowratioofuse.After40yearsexecutingthepolicyofReformandOpening-up,thegovernmentofthePeopleRepublicofChinamakeitsurethattheactiveandeffectivepoliciesareusedininstitutingandoptimizingthestructureofthehumanresource.Becauseoftheseriesofthepoliciesareexecutedinthemarket,theenvironmentofchina’shumanresourceshowsaextremelychange,especiallyafterthe2007-2009worldeconomiccrisis.

Thegovernmentinstitutesaseriesofpolicytosolvethedifficultieswhicharefoundinjobofferingandhumanresourceineducation,culture,healthandsocialinsurance.Meanwhile,thesepoliciescreateanexcellentenvironmentandconditionfortheimprovementofChinesepeople.So,thebasicfactsofthehumanresourceinthePeopleRepublicofChinaarelargepopulationandrichhumanresource.

Roleofstate

UnitedStates

UnitedStatesofAmericaisacapitalistcountry.Meanwhile,UnitedStateshasbecomethemostpowerfulcountryintheworldafterthecoldwarwasended.

TheimpactofUnitedStates’economy,politicsandmilitaryaffectthesituationallovertheworldandUnitedStates’policies,nomatterexternalorinternal,arealwaysconcernedbyothercountries.TheeconomicsystemofUnitedStatesisbasedonprivateownershipwhichisusuallycalledfreeenterprisesystem.Unlikethechina’seconomicsystemwhichisconsideredasthesystemreliesonthegovernment,theeconomicsystemofUnitedStatesdependonthecorporationofenterprise,governmentandworkers.ThisfactoftheeconomicsysteminUnitedStatesshowtheroleofU.S.governmentinhumanresourcemanagementismuchweakerthanChinesegovernment.

EducationisanimportantpartofUnitedStates’humanresourcepolicy.Thegovernmentinvestsalotofmoneyintodevelopingeducationfortworeasons.First,educationinvestmentisregardasproductiveinvestment.TheodoreWilliamSchultz（1902）statesthatskillsandknowledgeisaformofcapitalwhichismostlytheresultofprudentinvestmentandthiskindofcapitalgrowmuchfasterthantraditionalcapital（physicalcapital）inwesternsociety.And,investingintotheeducationmodeisbetterthanthemodeofinvestingintotraditionalcapital.Meanwhile,theregenerationspeedofinvestinghumancapitalisfasterthanregenerativeproducts.

HumanresourceisregardasessentialresourcebythegovernmentofUnitedStates.BothPresidentObamaandex-presidentClintonstatethathumanresourceisthesourceofpowerforthecountry.Aseriesoflawsandactwaslegislatedandactivepoliciesareexecutedbythegovernment.Forexample,rulearestipulatedinthenew‘ImmigrationAct’thatanywell-knownacademics,seniortechnicalpersonnelandoutstandingtalentwillallowstoenterUnitedStatesprioritywithoutconsideringtheirnationality,qualificationandage.Therefore,duringthethirdhotwavesforimmigrationatthefirstof21century,UnitedStatesattractsalargenumberofhigh-qualityhumanres