《新编简明英语语言学教程》16章复习题集Word文件下载.docx
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alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.
5.Languageisasystemofa__rbitrary_______vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.
6.Socialinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.
7.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds_yntax_______.
8.Humancapacityforlanguagehasagenetic___basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.
9.Performance__(语言能力)__referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.
10.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa__pplied______linguistics.
11.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbe
12.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientific____studyoflanguage.
13.Tohelpdefineandmaintaininterpersonalrelationsisthesocialfunctionoflanguage.
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
1.Thedescriptionofalanguageinafixedinstant(时刻)isa_______study.
A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.systematic
2.Theapplicationoflinguisticsprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearningiscalled_____.
A.sociolinguisticsB.Psycholinguistics
C.computationallinguisticsD.AppliedLinguistics
3.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.
A.prescriptiveB.analytic
C.descriptiveD.linguistic
4.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?
A.ArbitrarinessB.Displacement
C.DualityD.Meaningfulness
5.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.
A.primaryB.correct
C.secondaryD.stable
6.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.
A.
inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting
B.
speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.
C.
speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue
D.
Alloftheabove
7.Manymodernlinguistshavecriticizedtraditionalgrammariansforadoptinga_____approachtolanguagestudy.
A.synchronicB.diachronic
C.prescriptiveD.descriptive
8.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.
A.synchronicB.diachronic
C.prescriptiveD.comparative
9.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
A.paroleB.performance
C.langueD.Language
10.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.
A.senseB.sounds
C.objectsD.ideas
11.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediate(当前)situationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,
A.displacementB.duality
C.flexibility
D.culturaltransmission
12.Thedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasmadeby_______earlylastcentury.
A.AmericanlinguistN.ChomskyB.SwisslinguistF.deSaussure
C.AmericanlinguistEdwardSapirD.BritishlinguistJ.R.Firth
13.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis.
A.arbitraryB.rationalC.logicalD.cultural
2.WhatarethemainfeaturesofhumanlanguagethathavebeenspecifiedbyC.Hocketttoshowthatitisessentiallydifferentfromanimalcommunicationsystem?
Chapter2:
Phonology
27.Affricate_(破差音)_____referstoastrongpuffofairstreamintheproductionofspeechsounds.
28.
A_rticulatory_(发音)________phoneticsdescribesthewayourspeechorgansworktoproducethespeechsoundsandhowtheydiffer.
29.Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb_ilabial_sounds.
30.Ofallthespeechorgans,thet_ongue___isthemostflexible,andisresponsibleforvarietiesofarticulationthananyother.
31.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofmannerofarticulationorintermsofp__lace_____ofarticulation(发音部位).
32.Whentheobstructioncreatedbythespeechorgansistotalorcomplete,thespeechsoundproducedwiththeobstructionaudibly(可听见的)releasedandtheairpassingoutagainiscalledas__top______.
33.S_uprasegmental_(超音段)_______featuresarethephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.Theyincludestress,tone(音调),intonation(语调),etc.
34.Therulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalledsequential(序列)____rules.
35.Thetranscription(标音)ofspeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonlyiscalledbroadtranscription(宽式)whilethetranscriptionwithletter-symbolstogetherwiththediacritics(变音符)iscallednarrow____transcription.
(严式)
36.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasintonation_(语调)________.
37.P_honology__________isadisciplinewhichstudiesthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguageandhowsoundsarecombinedintomeaningfulunitstoeffectlinguisticcommunication.
38.Ifyousaydoor,new,two,senior,zoo,youwillnoticethatthefirstsoundsinallthesewordsarea_lveolar(齿龈音)______sounds.Thetandsarevoiceless,andd,nandzarevoiced.Onlynisnasal.
39.Thearticulatoryapparatus(器官)ofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantcavities:
thepharyngeal(咽腔)cavity,theoral(口腔)_______cavityandthenasalcavity.
40.T__one(音调)_____arepitch(音调)variations,whicharecausedbythedifferingratesofvibration(震动)ofthevocalcords(声带)andwhichcandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes(音位).
41.Dependingonthecontextinwhichstressisconsidered,therearetwokindsofstress:
wordstressands__entence_______stress.
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachofthestatementsbelow.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:
1.Thestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsoundsiscalled________phonetics.
A.acoustic(声学)B.articulatoryC.Auditory(听觉)D.allomorphic
2.Thesound/f/is_________________.
A.voicedpalatalaffricateB.voicedalveolarstop
C.voicelessvelarfricativeD.voicelesslabiodentalfricative(齿音,摩茶)
3.Ofallthespeechorgans,the_______is/arethemostflexible.
A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcords
4.Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare____sounds.
A.voicelessB.voiced
C.vowelD.consonantal
5.__________isavoicedalveolar(齿龈)stop.
A./z/B./d/C./k/D./b/
6.Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophones____________.
A.identicalB.same
C.exactlyalikeD.similar
7.Since/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe___________.
A.inphonemiccontrast(音位对立)B.incomplementarydistribution(同一音位的不同变体)C.theallophones(音位变体)D.minimalpair(对小对立体)
9.
A____vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.
A.backB.central
C.frontD.middle
10.Palatal(鄂音)semi-vowelreferstothesound.
A.[n]B.[h]C.[w]D.[j]
11.Aphonemeisagroupofphoneticallysimilarsoundscalled.
A.minimalpairsB.allomorphs
C.phonesD.allophones
12.Distinctivefeaturescanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalled____________.
A.phoneticcomponentsB.immediateconstituents
C.suprasegmentalfeaturesD.semanticfeatures
13.A(n)___________isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.
A.phoneB.sound
C.allophoneD.phoneme
14.Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthe____ofthatphoneme.
A.phonesB.sounds
C.phonemesD.allophones
15.A____vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.
A.backB.centralC.frontD.middle
16.Thesoundsthatbeginandendthewordschurchandjudgearevoicelessandvoiced_______,respectively.(C)
A.stopsB.fricatives
C.affricatesD.plosives
IV.Answerthefollowingquestion:
1.HowaretheEnglishconsonantsclassified?
2.Explainwithexamplesthesequentialrule,andtheassimilationruleinphonology.