定语从句精讲精练版打印Word格式文档下载.docx

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定语从句精讲精练版打印Word格式文档下载.docx

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定语从句精讲精练版打印Word格式文档下载.docx

  Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.(作主语)

  Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.(作宾语)

3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。

在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。

  ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.(作主语)

  Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?

(作宾语)

4.Whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,),例如:

Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown. 

Itwasanisland,whosenameIhaveforgotten.它是一座岛,名字我忘了。

Thefactory,whoseworkersareallwomen,isclosedduringtheholidays

考点1:

当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。

  Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.

  PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.

(1)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。

  Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.

(2)that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。

  Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.

考点2:

关系代词前介词的确定:

介词与先行词是一种固定搭配;

介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯搭配;

Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasingleperson____hecouldturnforhelp.

A.that 

B.who 

C.fromwhom 

D.towhom

That’sthedog____.

A. 

we’vebeenlookingafterB. 

afterwhichwe’vebeenlooking

C. 

whatwe’vebeenlookingafterD. 

we’vebeentakingcarefor

Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,_____hefoundajobinabigcompany.(2007年辽宁卷)

A.afterthat 

B.afterwhich 

C.afterit 

D.afterthis

Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_____hewentontoBeijingUniversity.(2007年江苏卷)

A.afterwhich 

B.afterthat 

C.inwhich 

D.inthat

Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,_____wegavesomebellsandglasses.A.towhich 

B.towhom 

C.withwhom 

D.withwhich

考点3:

whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+n.

Thehousewhosewindowsfacesouthismine.

=Thehousethewindowsofwhichfacesouthismine.

=Thehouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouthismine.

考点4:

名词/代词/数词+of+关系词引导定语从句

1.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_____wantedtobuyit.(2007安徽卷)

A.noneofthem 

B.bothofthem 

C.noneofwhom 

D.neitherofwhom

2.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%______aresoldabroad.

A.ofwhich 

B.whichof 

C.ofthem 

D.ofthat

五.关系副词的用法

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词,在从句中作状语。

1)when,where,why

关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"

介词+which"

结构,因此常常和"

结构交替使用,例如:

Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.

Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.

Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?

注意:

当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较:

1.Thisistheroom_________Ilivedtenyearsago.

B.where 

C.who 

D.what

2.Thisistheroom_________Ilivedintenyearsago.

3.Thisistheroom_________Iboughttenyearsago.

4.Thisistheroom_________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisistheroom_________Iwasborntenyearsago.

判断改错

()ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.

()IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.

()Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.

()I'

llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.

考点5:

以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句中如果缺状语成分,通常以inwhich或that引导,也可省略。

如:

  Thewayinwhichyouansweredthequestionswasadmirable.

  Idon’tliketheway(that)youspeaktoher.

六.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

  1.限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况,对先行词起限定作用,与先行词关系十分密切,不可用逗号隔开,也不可省略,否则全句意义就不完整。

  Thisisthetelegramwhichherefersto.

  Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?

  2.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明,没有限定作用,它与先行词的关系比较松散,因而不是关键性的,如果省略,原句的意义仍然完整。

这种从句在朗读时要有停顿,在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。

  ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.

  Asaboy,hewasalwaysmakingthings,mostofwhichwereelectric.

引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有:

who,whom,whose,which,when和where,不可以用that和why。

  3.有时,非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词,而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分,这时一般采用which或as来引导。

Hepassedtheexam,which/ashehopedhewould.

考点6:

as引导非限制性定语从句,通常先行词为整个句子,在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语,意思是“正如”,“就象”.As引导的定语从句可位于主首,句中,句后。

Which只能在句后,意思是“这一点,这件事”.

Asisknowntousall,TaiwanispartofChina.=TaiwanispartofChina,as/whichisknowntousall.

常用的:

asisknowntoall,asisoftenthecase,asissaidabove,asalreadymentionedabove,asisreportedinthenewspaper,see,expect。

4.当先行词被thesame所修饰时,关系词既可以用as,也可以用that。

在表示具体事物

  时,有时两者有一定的区别。

一般说来,表示同一种类多用as,表示同一事物多用that。

如:

  ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。

  ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。

 考点7:

当先行词前有such,so,as时,关系词应当用as。

  Awisemanseldomtalksaboutsuchthingsashedoesn’tunderstand.

  HespokeinsucheasyEnglishaseverybodycouldunderstand.

  Atthistimeoftheday,allbusesandtrolleyshavetocarryasmanypassengersastheycan.

  Itissoeasyabookaseveryschoolboycanread.

  Let’sdiscusssuchthingsaswecantalkoffreely.

  另需注意:

  ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.(定语从句)

  ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstand.(结果状语从句)

考点8:

在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指物时,关系词可用which或that,二者常可以互换;

但在下列情况中,只能用that,不用which:

  

(1)当先行词是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时。

  Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

  InthisfactoryIsawlittle/muchthatwasdifferentfromours.

  

(2)当先行词被all,anyno,much,little,few,every等限定词所修饰时。

  Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.

  (3)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。

  Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.

  WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.

  (4)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰,以及先行词被序数词和形容

  词最高级同时修饰时,如:

  Isthatthebestthatyoucando?

  That’sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.

  ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.

  (5)当先行词被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修饰时。

  ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.

  (6)当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。

  TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.

  Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.

  (7)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。

  Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?

考点9:

定语从句的分隔现象

在英语学习中常常遇到定语从句不是直接位于先行词之后,而是被插入语、介词短语、副词或副词短语、谓语动词、非谓语动词等隔开,这种现象被称作定语从句的分隔现象。

MissYangwastheonlygirlintheofficewhohadbeeninvitedtotheparty.

Hetookawayalltheflowers,which,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.

—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?

—Right,justtheone____youknowIusedtoworkforyears.

A.that 

B.which 

C.where 

D.what

Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar—awayvillage.

A.until 

B.that 

C.when 

D.where

We’llcallontheman___wethinkcanspeakverygoodEnglish.

A.who 

B.whom 

C.whoever 

D.which

Infrontofmewasawoman___Isupposedtobemyaunt.

B.whomC.whoever 

D.whomever

Heleftthemoneywithhisfriend,____hebelieveswasusefultohim.

B.what 

C.itD.which

I’llgiveitto____Iconsideriseagertogetit.

B.anyoneC.whoever 

考点10:

区分定语从句与其相似句型。

在实际运用中,要分清到底是定语从句,还是并列句、状语从句、强调句或其它句型,然后再来确定关联词。

1.Hehastwochildren,andbothof_________areabroad.A.them 

B.which 

C.whom 

D.who

2.Hehastwochildren,bothof_________areabroad.A.them 

1.Hewrotealotofnovels,andmanyof_________weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.

A.it 

B.them 

C.which 

D.that

2.Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_________weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.

ItisI____yourbestfriend____canhelpyouout.

A.am;

that 

B.whois;

thatC.whoam,whoD.whoam;

whom

Pleaseputthemagazines____.

inwhichtheywereB. 

astheywereC. 

whereitwasD. 

thereitwas

Itwasin1969____theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.

B.when 

C.inwhich 

Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings____youcanfindthemagain.

A.inwhich 

B.intheplaceC.where 

D.how

Johngotthefirstplaceand____madehisparentshappy.

A.which 

B.thatC.as 

D.what 

定语从句专项突破练习

1.I,___yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.

A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whicham

2.Theoldmanhastwosons,___arelawyers.

A.bothofthemB.bothofwhoC.bothofwhomD.bothofthey

3.Heisamanofgreatknowledge,___muchcanbelearned.

A.inwhomB.aboutwhomC.fromwhomD.ofwhom

4.Icantellyou___hetoldmelastweek.

A.allwhichB.allwhatC.that

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