中英双语商务部召开例行新闻发布会Word文档下载推荐.docx
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一、关于国内市场运行情况
2014年国内消费市场运行总体平稳,全年实现社会消费品零售总额26.2万亿元,同比增长12.0%,扣除价格因素,实际增长10.9%,比上年同期分别放缓1.1个和0.6个百分点。
据商务部监测,1-12月5000家重点零售企业销售额增长6.3%,较上年回落2.6个百分点。
全年最终消费对GDP增长的贡献率达到51.2%,比上年提高3个百分点,成为拉动经济增长的主引擎。
消费市场主要特点:
I.PerformanceofDomesticMarket
In2014,thedomesticconsumermarketremainedsteady,andtheretailsalesofconsumergoodsinthewhole2014reached26.2trillionyuan,up12.0%yearonyear,and10.9%withpricefactorsexcluded,1.1and0.6percentagepointsslowerthanthatof2013respectively.AccordingtothemonitoringoftheMinistryofCommerce,thesalesof5,000majorretailenterprisesinJanuary-Decemberwereup6.3%,2.6percentagepointsslowerthanthatof2013.Thefinalconsumptionofthewholeyearcontributed51.2%toGDPgrowth,3percentagepointshigherthanthatof2013,becomingthemainenginedrivingeconomicgrowth.Followingarethemaincharacteristicsoftheconsumermarket.
一是网络零售保持高速增长。
据国家统计局统计,全年网上零售额同比增长49.7%,达到2.8万亿元。
根据商务部电子商务司测算,2014年电子商务交易额(包括B2B和网络零售)将达到约13万亿元,同比增长25%。
(具体数据请参考2015年5月发布的电子商务白皮书)商务部监测的5000家重点零售企业中,网络零售增长33.2%,比上年加快1.3个百分点。
专业店、超市和百货店分别增长5.8%、5.5%和4.1%,比上年分别回落1.7、2.8和6.2个百分点;
购物中心虽增长7.7%,但也比上年放缓4.5个百分点。
1.Onlineretailkeptarapidgrowth.AccordingtothestatisticsoftheNationalBureauofStatistics,theonlineretailsalesof2014wereup48.7%yearonyear,reaching2.8trillionyuan.AccordingtothecalculationoftheDepartmentofElectronicCommerceandInformationoftheMinistryofCommerce,thevolumeofbusinesstransactionin2014(includingB2Bandonlineretail)wouldreachabout13trillionyuan,up25%yearonyear.(DetaileddataintheWhitePaperofElectronicCommercewhichwillbeissuedinMay,2015).Amongthe5000majorretailenterprisesmonitoredbytheMinistryofCommerce,onlineretailwasup33.2%,1.3percentagepointshigherthanthatof2013,andthatofspecialstores,supermarketsanddepartmentstoreswereup5.8%,5.5%and4.1%respectively,1.7,2.8and6.2percentagepointsslowerthanthatof2013;
thatofshoppingmallswereup7.7%,but4.5percentagepointsslowerthanthatof2013.
二是通讯类、文体类商品增长加快。
4G通讯快速普及,激发手机更新换代需求,限额以上单位全年通讯器材销售额同比增长32.7%,比上年加快12.3个百分点。
商务部监测的5000家重点零售企业中,文化办公、体育娱乐用品销售额分别增长5%和4.7%,比上年分别加快6.3和5.6个百分点。
2.Growthofcommunicationandcultureandsportsproductsspedup.Therapidpopularizationof4Gcommunicationstimulatedthedemandsforupgradingofcellphones.In2014,salesofcommunicationequipmentofunitsabovethedesignatedsizewereup32.7%yearonyear,12.3percentagepointshigherthanthatof2013.Amongthe5,000majorretailenterprisesmonitoredbytheMinistryofCommerce,salesofculturalandofficeproductsandsportsandrecreationproductswereup5%and4.7%respectively,6.3and5.6percentagepointshigherthanthatof2013.
三是汽车消费保持平稳增长。
据中国汽车工业协会统计,2014年乘用车销售量达1970万辆,同比增长9.9%,较上年放缓5.8个百分点。
新能源汽车市场良好,全年销售约7.5万辆,增长3.2倍。
中国品牌乘用车销量增长4.1%,增幅比上年回落7.3个百分点,市场份额较上年下降2.1个百分点。
中国汽车流通协会数据显示,2014年前11个月二手车交易545万辆,增长16.7%。
3.Automobileconsumptionmaintainedasteadygrowth.AccordingtotheChinaAutomotiveIndustryAssociation,salesofpassengervehiclesin2014reached19.7million,up9.9%yearonyear,5.8percentagepointsslowerthanthatof2013.Themarketofnewenergycarsenjoyedagoodtrend,withthesalesof75,000inthewholeyear,up3.2times.SalesofpassengercarsofChinesebrandswereup4.1%,7.3percentagepointsslowerthanthatof2013,and2.1percentagepointsslowerintermsofmarketshare.AccordingtothestatisticsoftheChinaAutomobileDealersAssociation,transactionofsecond-handcarsinthefirst11monthsof2014reached5.45million,up16.7%.
四是大众化及服务类消费升温。
大众化餐饮不断升温。
全年餐饮收入增长9.7%,其中,限额以下企业增长13.2%,高出限上企业11个百分点。
文化旅游需求旺盛,全年电影总票房296.4亿元,增长约36.2%;
全年旅游总收入约3.25万亿元,增长11%,出境旅游首次突破1亿人次。
4.Massconsumptionandserviceconsumptionheatedup.Masscateringcontinuouslyheatedup.Therevenuesofcateringinthewhole2014wereup9,7%,amongwhich,thatofenterprisesunderthedesignatedsizeup13.2%,11percentagepointshigherthanthatofenterprisesabovethedesignatedsize.Culturaltourismwasingreatdemand,andthefilmboxofficeofthewholeyearreached29.64billionyuan,upabout36.2%;
thewholerevenuesoftourismwereabout3.25trillionyuan,up11%,andthenumberofoutboundtravelerssurpassed100millionforthefirsttime.
五是消费价格基本平稳。
2014年全国居民消费价格总水平上涨2%,比上年同期回落0.6个百分点,其中12月份上涨1.5%。
据商务部监测,36个大中城市食用农产品价格全年上涨0.7%,其中,12月下降0.1%,已连续4个月负增长,降幅较上月收窄1.8个百分点,猪肉、羊肉、菜籽油价格同比分别下降10%、4.2%和2.9%,鸡蛋、食盐、水果分别上涨11.4%、8.7%和8.1%。
5.Consumerpricesremainedsteady.CPIin2014wasup2%,0.6percentagepointsslowerthanthatofthesameperiodof2013,andthatofDecemberwasup1.5%.AccordingtothemonitoringbytheMinistryofCommerce,in36largeandmedium-sizedcities,pricesofagro-foodstuffwentup0.7%inthewholeyear,amongwhich,thatofDecemberwasdown0.1%,witnessingnegativegrowthforfourconsecutivemonths,and1.8percentagepointsslowerthanthatofNovember.Pricesofpork,muttonandrapeseedoilweredown10%,4.2%and2.9%respectively,andthoseofegg,saltandfruitwereup11.4%,8.7%and8.1%respectively.
六是市场秩序进一步规范,消费环境逐步改善。
2014年,商务部通过电视购物专项整治,查处违法电视购物广告691件、违法网站265个,关停16家非法购物频道。
违法违规电视购物广告数量下降了83.9%。
建设肉菜、中药材流通追溯体系,实现每天对3万多吨300余种产品的信息化可追溯管理,受益人口超过4亿,强化了市场管理,提振了消费信心。
6.Marketorderwasfurtherstandardizedandtheconsumptionenvironmentwasgraduallyoptimized.In2014,throughthespecialcampaigntorectifyTVshopping,theMinistryofCommerceinvestigatedanddealtwith691casesand265websitesthatviolatedlawsandrules,andclosed16illegalshoppingchannels.ThenumberofTVshoppingadvertisementsviolatinglawsandruleswasdown83.9%.TheMinistryofCommerceconstructedthecirculationtraceabilitysystemofmeat,vegetableandtraditionalChinesemedicinalmaterials,realizingtheinformationtraceabilitymanagementof30,000tonsofproductsin300varietiesandbenefitingmorethan400millionpeople,whichstrengthenedmarketmanagementandboostedconsumptionconfidence.
二、关于对外贸易情况
据海关统计,2014年,我国进出口总值26.43万亿元人民币,同比增长2.3%,其中出口14.39万亿元,增长4.9%,进口12.04万亿元,下降0.6%,贸易顺差2.35万亿元,扩大45.9%。
按美元计,2014年我国进出口总值4.30万亿美元,同比增长3.4%,其中出口2.34万亿美元,同比增长6.1%,进口1.96万亿美元,同比增长0.4%。
贸易顺差3824.6亿美元,同比扩大47.3%。
在剔除2013年套利贸易垫高基数因素后,全国进出口同比实际增长6.1%,出口增长8.7%,进口增长3.3%。
2014年全年进出口运行情况主要有以下特点:
II.ForeignTrade
AccordingtoCustomsfigures,China’stotalimportandexportin2014reached26.43trillionyuan,up2.3%yearonyear.Exportwas14.39trillionyuan,up4.9%,andimport12.04trillionyuan,down0.6%.Tradesurpluswas2.35trillionyuan,up45.9%.IntermsoftheU.S.dollar,thetotalimportandexportof2014reachedUS$4.30trillion,up3.4%yearonyear,amongwhich,exportwasUS$2.34trillion,up6.1%,andimportUS$1.96trillion,up0.4%.TradesurpluswasUS$382.46billion,up47.3%yearonyear.Excludingthefactorthatthecardinalnumberwasbolsteredbyinterestarbitragein2013,importandexportenjoyedarealgrowthof6.1%,amongwhich,exportup8.7%andimportup3.3%.Themaincharacteristicsofimportandexportin2014areasfollows:
一是第一货物贸易大国地位巩固。
从全球范围看,2014年全球贸易预计仅增长2%左右。
1-11月美国进出口增长3%,欧盟和日本分别下降0.5%和2.5%。
而我国外贸增速明显高于全球的平均增速,第一货物贸易大国地位进一步巩固。
预计全年我国出口占全球份额达12.2%左右,较2013年提高0.5个百分点。
1.China’sstatusasthelargestgoodstraderwasconsolidated.Internationally,theglobaltradein2014increasedonlyabout2%.InJanuary-November,theEUandJapandecreased0.5%and2.5%,respectively.ThegrowthofChina’sforeigntradewasobviouslyhigherthantheaveragegrowthoftheworld,furtherconsolidatingthestatusasthelargestgoodstrader.ItisestimatedthatChina’sexportaccountedfor12.2%ofthewholeworldin2014,0.5percentagepointshigherthanthatof2013.
二是外贸对经济增长贡献突出。
在国内经济下行压力加大的情况下,外贸对经济增长起到了重要的支撑作用。
按支出法核算,2014年前三季度,货物和服务净出口对国内生产总值增长的贡献率达10.2%,预计全年贡献率将在10.5%左右,创2008年以来最高水平。
2.Foreigntradecontributedalottotheeconomicgrowth.Withtheincreasingpressureofdownwarddomesticeconomy,foreigntradeplayedanimportantsupportingroletotheeconomicgrowth.Calculatingaccordingtotheexpenditureapproach,inthefirstthreequartersof2014,netexportofgoodsandservicescontributed10.2%tothegrowthofGDP,andthecontributionofthewholeyearwasestimatedtoreach10.5%,thehighestsince2008.
三是一般贸易占比持续上升。
全年一般贸易进出口2.31万亿美元,增长5.3%,占全国进出口总额的53.8%,较2013年提高1个百分点,比重连续两年提高。
加工贸易进出口1.41万亿美元,增长3.8%,增速较2013年加快2.7个百分点。
3.Theproportionofgeneraltradecontinuedtoincrease.TheimportandexportofgeneraltradeofthewholeyearreachedUS$2.31trillion,up5.3%,accountingfor53.8%ofthenationaltotal,1percentagepointhigherthanthatof2013,increasingfortwoconsecutiveyears.ImportandexportofprocessingtradereachedUS$1.41trillion,up3.8%,2.7percentagepointshigherthanthatof2013.
四是贸易伙伴更趋多元。
开拓新兴市场取得新成效,全年我国与发展中国家进出口比重较2013年提高0.4个百分点,其中,对东盟、印度、俄罗斯、非洲、中东欧国家等进出口增速均快于整体增速。
实施自贸区战略效果明显,不含港澳台地区的其他17个自贸伙伴在我国出口总额的占比较2013年上升0.6个百分点。
对发达国家市场保持稳定增长,全年对欧盟和美国进出口分别增长9.9%和6.6%。
4.Tradepartnersweremorediversified.Wehavegainednewachievementsinexploitingemergingmarkets.Theproportionofimportandexportwithdevelopingcountriesin2014increased0.4percentagepoints,amongwhichthegrowthofimportandexportwithASEAN,India,Russia,AfricaandcentralandeasternEuropeancountrieswereallabovetheoverallgrowth.TheFTAstrategygainedobviouseffect,