常用人体形态学汉英词汇表汇编Word格式文档下载.docx

常用人体形态学汉英词汇表汇编Word格式文档下载.docx

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脐umbilicus

*盆部pelvis

四肢limbs,extremities

*上肢upperlimb

*肩shoulder

腋axilla

*臂arm

*肘elbow

*前臂forearm

*手hand

腕wrist

掌palm

*鱼际thenar

*小鱼际hypothenar

*手指finger

*拇指thumb

示指indexfinger

*下肢lowerlimb

*髋hip

*股（又称大腿）thigh

*膝knee

*小腿leg

*踝ankle,malleolus

*足foot

跗tarsus

跖sole

*趾toe

运动系统locomotorsystem

（一）骨及骨连结boneandjoint

*骨学osteology

**骨骼skeleton

**骨bone

中轴骨axialskeleton

附肢骨appendicularskeleton

*长骨longbone

*短骨shortbone

*扁骨flatbone

*不规则骨irregularbone

**骨密质compactbonysubstance

**骨松质spongybonysubstance

**骨膜periosteum

骨内膜endosteum

*黄骨髓yellowbonymarrow

**红骨髓redbonymarrow

骺epiphysis

骨干diaphysis

干骺端metaphysis

*骺软骨epiphysialcartilage

*骺线epiphysialline

滋养孔nutrientforamen

髓腔medullarycavity

突process

棘spine

隆起eminence

粗隆tuberosity

结节tuber,tubercle

嵴cres

线line

窝concavity,fossa

凹fovea

小凹foveola

压迹impression

腔cavity

窦autrum,sinus

管canal,duct

孔foramen,opening

口mouth,apertura,aditus,ostium

裂孔hiatus

髁condyle

上髁epicondyle

缘margin

切迹notch,incisura

纤维连结fibrousjoint

韧带连结syndesmosis

缝suture

软骨连结cartilaginousjoint

**关节articulation,joint

**关节面articularsurface

关节软骨articularcartilage

**关节囊articularcapsul

*纤维层fibrouslayer

*滑膜synovialmembrane

**关节腔articularcavity

**韧带ligament

**关节盘articulardisk

**关节半月板articularmeniscus

*关节唇articularlabrum

滑膜关节synovialjoint

平面关节planejoint

球窝关节ballandsocketjoint

椭圆关节ellipsoidjoint

车轴关节pivotjoint

鞍状关节saddlejoint

*屈flexion

*伸extension

*收adduction

*展abduction

*旋转rotation

*环转circumduction

*旋前pronation

*旋后supination

*外翻eversion

*内翻inversion

*背屈dorsiflexion

*跖屈plantarflexion

**椎骨vertebrae

**脊柱vertebralcolumn

*椎管vertebralcanal

*椎体vertedralbody

*椎弓vertebralarch

**椎间孔intervertebralforamen

*椎孔vertebralforamen

*棘突spinousprocess

**横突transverseprocess

上关节突superiorarticularprocess

**颈椎cervicalvertebrae

*横突孔transverseforamen

*寰椎atlas

侧块lateralmass

*枢椎axis

齿突dens

**胸椎thoracicvertebral

上肋凹superiorcostalfovea

**腰椎lumbarvertebrae

**骶骨sacrum,sacralbone

骶骨岬sacralpromontory

*骶管裂孔sacralhiatus

骶角sacralhorn

**尾骨coccyx

**椎间盘intervertebraldisc

*纤维环anulusfibrosus

*髓核pulpiformnucleus

*黄韧带ligamentsflava

寰枕关节atlanto-occipitaljoint

**肋ribs,costae

*肋软骨costalcartilage

*肋沟costalgroove

**肋弓costalarch

**胸骨sternum

胸骨柄sternalmanubrium

胸骨体sternalbody

**剑突xiphoidprocess

**胸骨角sternalangle

**胸廓thoraciccage

肋椎关节costovertebraljoints

胸肋关节sternocostaljoints

**枕骨occipitalbone

枕骨髁occipitalcondyle

*舌下神经管hypoglossalcanal

*枕骨大孔foramenmagnum

枕外隆凸externaloccipitalprotuberance

*蝶骨sphenoidbone

*蝶鞍sellaturcica

**垂体窝hypophysialfossa

*视神经管opticcanal

鞍背dorsumsellae

破裂孔foramenlacerum

*圆孔foramenrotundum

*卵圆孔foramenovale

*棘孔foramenspinosum

*眶上裂superiororbitalfissure

大翼greaterwings

翼突pterygoidprocess

**颞骨temporalbone

岩部petrousportion

*乳突mastoidprocess

*面神经管facialcanal

肌咽鼓管musculo-tubalcanal

*内耳门internalacousticport

*茎突styloidprocess

*茎乳孔stylomastoidforamen

*外耳道externalacousticmeatus

*下颌窝mandibularfossa

**顶骨parietalbone

**额骨frontalbone

**筛骨ethmoidbone

下鼻甲inferiornasalconcha

泪骨lacrimalbone

鼻骨nasalbone

犁骨vomer

**上颌骨maxilla

眶下孔infraorbitalforamen

牙槽突alveolarprocess

切牙管incisivecanal

*腭骨palatinebone

*颧骨zygomaticbone

**下颌骨mandible

颏孔mentalforamen

冠突coronoidprocess

下颌切迹mandibularincisure

**舌骨hyoidbone

颅盖clavaria

外板outerplate

内板innerplate

*板障diploe

**颅前窝anteriorcranialfossa

**颅中窝middlecranialfossa

**颅后窝posteriorcranialfossa

颞窝temporalfossa

*颧弓zygomaticarch

*颞下窝infratemporalfossa

*翼腭窝pterygopalatinefossa

**翼点pterion

*颈动脉管carotidcanal

*颈静脉孔jugularforamen

腭大孔greaterpalatineforamen

**眶orbit

眶上孔supraorbitalforamen

**骨性鼻腔bonynasalcavity

**鼻腔nasalcavity

**鼻旁窦paranasalsinus

**上颌窦maxillarysinus

*蝶窦sphenoidalsinus

*额窦frontalsinus

*筛窦ethmoidalsinus

鼻中隔nasalseptum

上（中，下）鼻道superior（middle,inferior）nasalmeatus

颅囟cranialfontanelle

前囟anteriorfontanelle

冠状缝coronarysuture

矢状缝sagitalsuture

人字缝lamdoidsuture

**颞下颌关节temporomandibularjoint

**肩胛骨scapula

*肩峰acromion

*关节盂glenoidcavity

*喙突coracoidprocess

**锁骨clavicle

**肱骨humerus

大结节greatertubercle

小结节lessertubercle

*解剖颈anatomicalneck

*外科颈surgicalneck

鹰嘴窝olecranonfossa

*内上髁medialepicondyle

**桡骨radius

环状关节面articularcircumference

**尺骨ulna

鹰嘴olecranon

滑车切迹trochlearnotch

**腕骨carpalbones,carpus

舟骨scaphoidbone

三角骨triquetralbone

豌豆骨pisiformbone

大多角骨trapeziumbone

小多角骨trapezoidbone

头状骨capitatebone

钩骨hamatebone

**掌骨metacarpalbones

**指骨phalangesoffingers

*胸锁关节sternoclavicularjoint

**肩关节shoulderjoint

盂唇glenoidlabrum

**肘关节elbowjoint

*桡骨环状韧带annularligamentofradius

*桡尺近侧关节proximalradioulnarjoint

桡尺远侧关节distalradioulnarjoint

**腕关节wristjoint

腕掌关节carpometacarpaljoint

掌指关节metacarpophalangealjoint

指骨间关节interphalangealjoint

**髋骨hipbone

*髋臼acetabulum

*闭孔obturaterforamen

**髂骨ilium

髂嵴iliaccrest

**坐骨ischium

**耻骨pubis

**骨盆pelvis

**股骨femur

大转子greatertrochanter

髁间窝intercondylarfossa

**髌骨patella

**胫骨tibia

髁间隆起intercondylareminence

**腓骨fibula

**跗骨tarsalbone,tarsus

距骨talus

**跟骨calcaneus

足舟骨navicularbone

内侧楔骨medialcuneiformbone

骰骨cuboidbone

**跖骨metatarsalbones

**趾骨phalangesoftoes

*耻骨联合pubicsymphysis

*骶髂关节sacroiliacjoint

*骶结节韧带sacrotuberousligament

*骶棘韧带sacrospinousligament

**髋关节hipjoint

**膝关节kneejoint

*半月板meniscus

*交叉韧带cruciateligaments**踝关节anklejoint

跗骨间关节intertarsaljoint

距下关节（距跟关节）subtalarjoint

跗横关节transversetarsaljoint

跗跖关节tarsometatarsaljoints

跖趾关节metatarsophalangealjoints

（二）肌肉muscles

肌学myology

**肌muscle

**骨骼肌skeletalmuscle

**肌腹musclebelly

**肌头headofmuscle

腱膜aponeurosis

起点origin

止点insertion

**筋膜fascia

*浅筋膜superficialfascia

*深筋膜deepfascia

滑膜囊synovialbursa

*腱鞘tendinoussheath

**斜方肌trapezius

**背阔肌latissimusdorsi

**竖脊肌erectorspinae

胸腰筋膜thoracolumbarfascia

颈阔肌platysma

**胸锁乳突肌sternocleidomastoid

**斜角肌scalenus

**胸大肌pectoralismajor

*胸小肌pectoralisminor

*前锯肌serratusanterior

**膈diaphragm

**中心腱centraltendon

**腹直肌rectusabdominis

**腹直肌鞘sheathofrectusabdominis

白线lineaalba

**腹外斜肌obliquusexternusabdominis

**腹内斜肌obliquusinternusabdominis

**腹横肌transversusabdominis

**腰大肌psoasmajor

**髂腰肌iliopsoas

**腹股沟韧带inguinalligament

*腹股沟管inguinalcanal

腹股沟管线环superficialinguinalring

*面肌facialmuscles

枕额肌occipitofrontalmuscle

帽状腱膜geleaaponeurotica

**咀嚼肌masticatorymuscles

咬肌masseter

颞肌temporalis

**三角肌deltoid

大圆肌teresmajor

**肱二头肌bicepsbrachii

**肱三头肌tricepsbrachii

*肱桡肌brachioradialis

*旋前圆肌pronatorteres

*桡侧腕屈肌flexorcarpiradialis

*掌长肌palmarislongus

*尺侧腕屈肌flexorcarpiulnaris

*指浅屈肌flexordigitorumsuperficialis

指深屈肌flexordigitorumprofundus

拇长屈肌flexorpollicislongus

旋前方肌pronatorquadratus

桡侧腕长伸肌extensorcarpiradialislongus

桡侧腕短伸肌extensorcarpiradialisbrevis

指伸肌extensordigitorum

*旋后肌supinator

*蚓状肌lumbricales

*骨间肌interossei

**臀大肌gluteusmaximus

**梨状肌piriformis

**股四头肌quadricepsfemoris

**髌韧带patellarligament

缝匠肌sartorius

*股二头肌bicepsfemoris

*半腱肌semitendinosus

*半膜肌semimembranosus

*腓骨长肌peroneuslongus

*腓骨短肌peroneusbrevis

*胫骨前肌tibialisanterior

**小腿三头肌tricepssurae

*腓肠肌gastrocnemius

*比目鱼肌soleus

*跟腱tendocalcaneus

内脏学splanchnology

（一）消化系统digestivesystem

**内脏学splanchology

**内脏viscera

**消化系统digestivesystem

**口腔mouthcavity

**唇lip

颊cheek

腭palatine

*牙tooth,teeth

牙髓dentalpulp

切牙incisorteeth

尖牙canineteeth

前磨牙premolarteeth

磨牙molarteeth

恒牙permanentteeth

乳牙deciduousteeth

**唾液腺salivarygland

舌下腺sublingualgland

下颌下腺submandibulargland

腮腺parotidgland

*舌tongue

味蕾tastebud,gustatorybud

舌乳头papillaeoftongue

**咽pharynx

*咽峡isthmusoffauces

咽腔cavityofpharynx

*扁桃体tonsil

**食管esophagus

**胃stomach

胃大弯greatercurvatureofstomach

胃小弯lessercurvatureofstomach

角切迹angularincisure

贲门部cardi