新视野大学英语第三版第二册Unit7课文语法讲解文档格式.docx
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2Femalebossestodayarestillfindingtheyfacesubtleresistance.Thereisstillasegmentofthepopulation,bothmenand,surprisingly,womenwhoreportlowtoleranceforfemalebosses.Thegrowingpresenceoffemalebosseshasalsoprovokedtwomajorquestionsthatrevolvearoundstyles:
Domenandwomenmanagedifferently,and,ifso,isthatagoodthing?
3Monicaisdisposedtothinkso,onbothcounts.Nowa40-year-oldmotheroffour,sheispresidentofapublicsectorlaborunionwith45,000members."
Relationswithmyemployeesareprobablydifferentfromthoseofmalemanagersprecedingme,"
Iknowwhatit'
sliketohavetocallandsaymykidgotthemumpssoIwon'
tbecomingin.Ihaveamoreflexiblestyle—notsoft,justmoreunderstanding."
ThemanwhoisMonica'
sassistantagrees,"
Shetendstodelegatemoreandisalwayslookingforaconsensus.Peoplearehappyandflourishbecausetheyhaveaninputintodecisionsandtheyarenotmerebystanders;
theirenergiesareharnessed.Ontheotherhand,consensustakeslonger."
4So,arethedifferencessymbolicorreal?
Plausiblestudiessuggestthatmenaretypicallyhierarchical,goal-orientedandfeelentitled.Women,bycontrast,managediplomatically,andsharepower.Thatpointofviewisoftenchallengedandargued.Someproclaimthatmenandwomenofsimilarbackgrounds,experienceandaspirationsbasicallymanageinthesameway.Thisviewisechoedbyyoungerwomen,especiallythosewhohaveencounteredlittlegenderdiscrimination.ThatwascertainlythelessonforNicole.Whenherfatherdiedofaheartattack,shewasanemployeeatapetroleumproductsexportcompany.Shequitandtookoverherfamily'
s160-acrefruitfarminSt.David'
sCounty.Onherfirstdayinthefield,aworker
calledher"
darling"
."
Hewastryingtotestme.Iwasshakingwithanger,"
saysNicole,now34."
Istooderectandsaid,‘Youwouldn'
thavecalledmyfatherdarlingandyou'
renotgoingtotakethatlibertywithme.Ifyoudo,I'
llfireyou.'
"
5Whenwomenworkforwomen,adifferentdynamicoftentakesover.Susan,acashierinaTorontoauctionhouse,saysthatshehasexploredfriendshipswithsomeofherfemalebossesandfeelsshecanrelyonthemmore.Whilewomenmayfeelmoreateasewithafemaleboss,menoftenhavetomakeconcessionstothenewworkingstyles.Brian,amarinebiologist,says,"
IttookmeacoupleofyearsbeforeIfeltcomfortableenoughtorelaxaroundafemalemanager.Infact,myrelationswithherweremuchmorebusinesslike."
6Tosomeextent,themale-femaledifferencescomedowntoconflictingstyles.Onefemalevice-presidentdiscussedthetimesheburstintotearsduringameeting."
Menthinkthattearsareanuclearweaponinaconventionalwar.Theytakeexceptiontoawomancrying,inferringthatshe'
sfeelingunhappyorviolated."
Themenfailedtounderstandthatwhatpromptedhertearswasnothurtbutgenuinerage."
Whenwecry,it'
sbecausewehaveallthisvalidragethathasnoappropriaterelease,"
shesays."
Womencry;
mengetreliefbygoingonwiththeoffenseorbyveilingtheirfeelingstoappearcomposed."
7Deborah,presidentofafirmwithitsheadquartersinToronto,saysthatevenifmendounderstand,theysometimesreactdifferentlytotheidenticalinformationandtohercooperativemanagementstyle.
8Deborahsaysthatherauthorityissometimesunderminedbyperceptionsabouthergender."
Itstemsfromthewholesocialcontextoftraditionalrolesformenandwomen,"
Momwouldtellyoutodothings,butperhapsyouwouldn'
ttakeasmuchnoticeaswhenDadtoldyoutodothings.Menalsohaveastrongerurgetocontrol,"
shesays.
9Forfemalebosses,thegreatexpectationofsomefemaleemployeesisonemoreobstacle.Juniorwomenassumeafemalebosswillpromotethemmorequicklythanamanwould.But,theyalsoexpectfemalebossestobemoreself-sufficient."
Theyask,‘Whycan'
tyouscanyourownstuff?
'
or‘Whycan'
tyoudoyourownfiling?
saysoneseniorfemaleexecutive.
10Ontheotherhand,thereisnodisputethatafewdecadesagotheywouldrarelyhavehadafemalebossintheworkplace.Nina,amanagementconsultantsaysshe'
svaguelyoptimistic."
I'
mlookingforwardtotheday,beforeIdie,whenwerecognizethatthebestmanagementstyleswill
becomposedofthebestthatbothgendersbringtothetable..."
Well,shepauses,maybenotbeforeshedies,perhapsinherdaughter'
slifetime.
LanguagePoints:
1WhenMonicaappliedforajobasanadministrativeassistantin1971,shewasaskedwhethershewouldratherworkforamaleorafemaleattorney.(Para.1)Meaning:
Monicawasaskedifshewouldliketoworkforamaleorafemalelawyerwhensheappliedforamanagingjobatalawfirmin1971.
Sentencestructurenote:
“wouldrather”句型
1wouldrather的意思是“宁愿;
宁可;
更;
最好;
还是…为好”,后接动词原形,表示优先选择的一种方式。
其否定形式是wouldrathernotdosth.,wouldrather没有人称和数的变化,所有的人称一律用wouldrather。
例如:
Ifyou/hewouldratherbealone,we’llallleavehere.如果你/他宁愿独自呆着,那我们会都离开这儿。
2wouldrather后接从句时,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,表示希望或宁愿某人按某特定的方式做某事,这个结构常常表达的是现在或将来的行为。
I’dratheryoudidn’tmakeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.我想目前你还是不要对此事发表任何评论。
2“Ifeltthatamale-boss/female-employeerelationshipwasmorenatural,needingnopersonalaccommodationwhatsoever.”(Para.1)
Meaning:
Ifeltthattherewasnoneedtocompromiseinarelationshipbetweenamalebossandafemaleemployeesinceitwasmorenatural.
3But20yearslater,whenshewasaskedthesamequestion,shesaid,“Iwaspleasantlysurprisedthatfemalebossesaremuchmoreaccessibletotheiremployees;
they’remuchmoresensitiveandintimatewiththeiremployees.”(Para.1)
However,whenshewasaskedthesamequestion20yearslater,Sherespondedthatitwasanicesurprisetofindoutthatfemalebosseshadbeenmucheasiertoapproach,moreunderstanding,andclosertotheirworkers.
Meaningbeyondwords:
Heranswerwasentirelydifferentfromwhatshehadresponded20yearsbefore.Itcanbeassumedthatshegainedthisparticularfeelinggradually.
4Femalebossestodayarestillfindingtheyfacesubtleresistance.(Para.2)Meaningbeyondwords:
Femalebossestodayarestillexperiencinggenderdiscrimination,thoughitmaynotalwaysbeobviousornoticeable.
5Thereisstillasegmentofthepopulation,bothmenand,surprisingly,womenwhoreportlowtoleranceforfemalebosses.(Para.2)
Aportionofpeople,menand,unexpectedly,evenwomenstatethattheycanhardlybearworkingwithfemalebosses.
6Thegrowingpresenceoffemalebosseshasalsoprovokedtwomajorquestionsthatrevolvearoundstyles:
(Para.2)
Withthenumberoffemalebossesincreasing,twoquestionshavebeenraisedintermsofstyles:
Domenandwomenworkdifferently?
Arethedifferencesgoodformanagementifthereareany?
7Monicaisdisposedtothinkso,onbothcounts.Nowa40-year-oldmotheroffour,sheispresidentofapublicsectorlaborunionwith45,000members.(Para.3)Meaning:
Monica,a40-year-oldmotheroffourchildrenandpresidentofapublicsectorlaborunionwith45,000members,isinclinedtolookatthesetwopointspositively:
Womendomanagedifferentlyfrommenandthatisagoodthing.
Note:
“Apublicsectorlaborunion”(alsopublicsectortradeunion)referstoalaborunionwhichprimarilyrepresentstheinterestsofemployeeswithinpublicsector
(government-owned,supportedorregulated)organizations.Publicsectorunionshavebecomesomeofthelargerormoreinfluentialunionsincertainareasoftheworldinrecenttimesasprivatesectorunionmembershiphasdeclinedsharply.
8“Relationswithmyemployeesareprobablydifferentfromthoseofmalemanagersprecedingme,”shesays.“Iknowwhatit’sliketohavetocallandsaymykidgotthemumpssoIwon’tbecomingin.Ihaveamoreflexiblestyle—notsoft,justmoreunderstanding.”(Para.3)
Shesaidthatshewasperhapsdifferentformthepreviousmalemanagersinrelationwiththeemployeesbecausesheknewwhatitmeantwhensomeonehadtomakeaphonecalltellingherthatheorshewouldn’tgotoworkduetotheillnessoftheirchild.Sheaddedthatshewasmoreflexibleandunderstandingbutnotweakerintermsofworkingstyle.
Inabroadsense,femalebossesarebetterthanmalebossesinboss-employeerelationsbecausetheyaremoreunderstandingandtendtoshowmoreconsiderationtotheiremployees.
9ThemanwhoisMonica’sassistantagrees,“Shetendstodelegatemoreandisalwayslookingforaconsensus.Peoplearehappyandflourishbecausetheyhaveaninputintodecisionsandtheyarenotmerebystanders;
theirenergiesareharnessed.Ontheotherhand,consensustakeslonger.”(Para.3)
ThemanwhoisMonica’sassistantholdsthesameopinionthatsheusuallygivespeoplemorerightsandisalwaysseekingagreement.Sincepeoplehavetheirvoiceheardindecision-makingandarenotplayingtheroleofawitnessonly,theyfeelhappyandsuccessful.Inthisway,theirenergiesareutilized.However,ittakesmoretimetoreachanagreement.
Meanin