虚拟语气语法讲解+习题Word下载.docx
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主语+weretodo+其它
主语+should+动词原形+其它
主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形
IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitinanotherday.
Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldn’tbeabletogoonpicnic.
d.混合条件句
混合条件句是指条件句是对过去事实相反的假设,而主句则表示现在的某种情况。
主语+would/should/could/might+be+表语
主语+would/should/could/might+be+doing
三、注意事项
①如果从句中有were、had或者should时,则可以省略if,并将were、had或者should提前至句首,构成部分倒装,但如果是否定句,则否定词not不提前。
WereItobeyoungagain,Iwouldstudymedicine.
=IfIweretobeyoungagain,Iwouldstudymedicine.
Hadyounotleftsoearly,youmighthavemissedthetrain.
=Ifyouhadnotleftsoearly,youmighthavemissedthetrain.
②用介词短语代替条件状语从句,常用的介词有with,without,butfor.
Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
=Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
③在句中出现了表示转折的连词,如or,orelse,otherwise等,如果句意和事实不符也要用虚拟语气。
Youdidwhatyouwereaskedto,otherwiseyouwouldhavebeenpunished.
④如果句子中有短语forfearthat,lest,incase时,要用should+动词原形来表示虚拟,should可以省略。
Heisworkinghardforfearthathefail.
⑤如果句子前半部分是虚拟,句中出现了but,后面句子则不用虚拟语气。
如:
Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butIdidn’tknowthatyouwerewaitingforme.
Thehousewouldhavebeenburntdownbutthefirefightersarrivedintime.
四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
1.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
a.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中,不表示“和事实相反的假设”而表示说话者的一种意愿、决心、要求、命令和建议。
“一、二、三、四”
“一坚持insist二命令order,command三建议advise,suggest,propose
四要求ask,require,request,demand”
虚拟形式“在从句谓语动词前加should,should可以省略。
MyteachersuggestedthatI(should)spendmoretimelearningEnglish.
Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.
Thedoctororderedsheshouldbeoperated.
注意:
当suggest翻译成“暗示、表明”;
insist翻译成“坚持认为、坚持说”,坚持的是一种事实,而不是表示一种命令或者要求时,不应该用虚拟语气,应该用陈述语气。
Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.
Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemonry.
b.在wouldrather后的宾语从句中也要用虚拟语气。
wouldrather
对现在、将来虚拟:
一般过去时(did/be用were)
对过去的虚拟:
过去完成时(haddone0
Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
Iwouldrathertheydidn’thearofthenews.
c.wish+宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望,译为“要是……就好了”等。
表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;
表示将来不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”;
表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could(should)+have+过去分词”。
。
对现在虚拟
对过去虚拟
过去完成时(haddone)
对将来虚拟
过去将来时(woulddo)
IwishIwereaflyingbirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.
IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.
HowIwishitwouldbefinetomorrow!
howIwish…=ifonly(要是……就好了),虚拟和wish虚拟用法一致。
2.虚拟语气用在主语从句中
a.Itis/was+adj.+that+主语+shoulddo(should可以省略)
adj:
advisable,amazing,astonishing,better,clear,certain,desirable,good,interesting,impo-ssible,normal,necessary,possible…
Itisnaturalthathe(should)thinkso.
Itwasnecessarythattheplanshouldbeplannedcarefully.
b.Itis/was+n.+that+主语+shoulddo(should可以省略)
①表示“惊奇、怀疑、遗憾”等意义的名词词组,如:
afact,agoodthing,apity,ashame,awonder…
②表示“请求、命令、建议、决心”等意义的名词,如advice,demand,decision,order,proposal,requirement,suggestion…
Itisapitysheshouldsayso.
Itwasherorderthatthemattershouldbediscussed.
③Itis/was+过去分词+that+主语+shoulddo(should可以省略)
用在该句型中的动词过去分词表示“请求、命令、建议”等。
ItisrequestedthatMissLishouldgiveaperformanceattheparty.
④Itis(high)timethat+主语+did/shoulddo,should不可以省略
到做……的时间了。
It’stimethatIpickedupmydaughter.
It’shightimeweweregoing.
3.虚拟语气用在表语从句中
用在advise,idea,order,plan,suggestion,demand,proposal等后面的表语从句,需用“shoulddo”构成谓语,should可以省略。
WhatIsuggestisthatweshouldstarttheworkatonce.
Hisorderisthatthemeetingshouldbecalledoff.
4.虚拟语气用在同位语从句中
当demand,insist,decide,determine,recommend,suggest这些动词的名词形式后跟同位语从句时,要用虚拟语气,用shoulddo表示虚拟。
Notallofthemagreedtomysuggestionthatmoremoneyshouldbegiventothem.
Hisrequestthatheshouldbegivenarisewasturneddownatthemeeting.
5.虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中,inorderthat,sothat…用情态动词
IgotupearlythismorningsothatIcouldcatchthebustoBoston.
6.在asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句中
a.asif,asthough引导的状语从句是否用虚拟取决于从句所描绘的情况,如果情况与事实相符就可以不用虚拟,否则就要用虚拟语气。
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
Sheactedasifnothinghadhappened.
b.对将来的虚拟asif/asthough+主语+would/could/should/might+do(动词原形)
Itlooksasiftheoldmancouldliveanother10years.
c.对现在的虚拟asif/asthough+主语+did(动词过去式)
Theoldmanislyingonthegroundasifheweredead.
d.asif/asthough+主语+weredoing(对现在进行虚拟)
Theyranasfastastheycouldasifaghostwerechasingthem.
e.asif’/asthough+主语+haddone(对过去事实的虚拟)
Heateasifhehadn’thadamealforyears.
精典名题导解
1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_______.
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
解析:
答案为C。
2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.(NMET94)
A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome
答案为D。
3.—Ifhe___________,he________thatfood.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.(NMET93)
A.waswarned;
wouldnottake
B.hadbeenwarned;
wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;
hadnottaken
D.wouldhavebeenwarned;
答案为B。
虚拟语气
1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishIthebookfromwhichitwasmade.
A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.amreading
2.Youarelate.Ifyouafewminutesearlier,youhim.
A.came;
WouldmeetB.hadcome;
Wouldhavemet
C.come;
WillmeetD.hadcome;
wouldmeet
3.Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughheeverything·
A.knewB.knowsC.hasknowD.hadknown
4.Hisdoctorsuggestedthatheshorttripabroad.
A.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.takeD.took
5.Wemighthavefailedifyouusahelpinghand.
A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive
6.Thelawrequiresthateveryronehiscarcheckedatleastonceamonth.
A.hasB.haveC.hadD.willhave
7.Hewasbusyyesterday,otherwisehetothemeeting.
A.wouldcomeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe
8.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,Englishmucheasier.
A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe
9.thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschoo1.
A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor
10.—Whatwillyoudoduringwintervacation?
—Idon’tknow,butit’sabouttimesomething·
A.IdecidedB.I’lldecideC.I’ddecidedD.I’mdeciding
11.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwise,hetoyourbirthdayparty.
A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldcome
12.Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyfriendsforyears.
A.shouldbeB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.were
13.Look!
Whatyou’vedone!
Youhavebeenmorecareful.
A.shouldB.mayC.oughtD.would
14.Withoutelectricity,what?
A.willtheworldbelikeB.wouldtheworldbelike
C.theworldwillbelikeD.theWorldWouldbelike
15.Withyourability,yououtthepuzzlewithinafewminutes.
A.couldhaveworkedB.needhaveworked
B.C.oughthaveworkedD.musthaveworked
16.Mysuggestionisthatthesickboytohospitalassoonaspossible.
A.istakenB.mustbetakenC.betakenD.hastobetaken
17.Ifwehadnotmissedthebus,welunchathomenow.
A.wouldhavehadB.wouldhaveC.mustbehavingD.wouldbehaving
18.hereyesterday,hewouldattendthelecturewithustoday.
A.HadhebeenB.IfhewereC.WereheD.Shouldbehe
19.Histiredfacesuggestedthathereallytiredafterthe1ongwalk.
A.hadbeenB.wasC.beD.shouldbe
20.DoyoufeelthatItheprobleminadifferentwaytheotherday?
A.shouldcomeB.shouldhavesolvedC.havesolvedD.solved
21.0urchairmanhasn’tcomeyet.Ifheontime,wewouldhavetoputoffthemeeting.
A.shouldcomeB.wouldcomeC.shouldn’tcomeD.doesn’tcome
22.Heinsistedthathereallyverytriedandthathetohavearest.
A.was;
beallowedB.was;
mustbeallowed
C.shouldbe;
mustbeallowedD.shouldbe;
beallowed
23.Hedidhisbestineverything;
hewouldnothavebeenwhathewas.
A.andB.butC.otherwiseD.butthat
24.IdoIcouldgiveyouahand.
A.hopeB.wishC.expectD.think
25.IWouldrathershetomorrowthantoday.
A.comeB.cameC.shouldD.hascome
26.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybodytherules.
A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.Wouldobey
27.IherifIthoughtshewouldunderstand.
A.wouldtellB.willtellC.Wouldhaveto1dD.told
28.TheteacherrequiresRosebyheart15Englishwordseachday.
A.1earnB.tolearnC.mustlearnD.1earning
29.—Ifhe,hethatfood.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospita1immediate1y.
A.Waswarmed;
wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarmed;
wou1dnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarmed;
hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarmed;
hadnottaken
30.Withoutelectricityhumanlifequitedifferenttoday.
A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.Wouldbe
一、强调句句型
1.陈述句的强调句型:
Itis/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。
e.g.ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing.
2.一般疑问句的强调句型:
同上,只是把is/was提到it前面。
e.g.WasityesterdaythathemetLiPing?
3.特殊疑问句的强调句型:
被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分?
e.g.Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn?
4.强调句例句:
针对ImetLiMin