专题04 阅读理解II细节理解题考点2 细节转换与是非判断题 高考英语二轮复习3教师版Word文档格式.docx

专题04 阅读理解II细节理解题考点2 细节转换与是非判断题 高考英语二轮复习3教师版Word文档格式.docx

《专题04 阅读理解II细节理解题考点2 细节转换与是非判断题 高考英语二轮复习3教师版Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题04 阅读理解II细节理解题考点2 细节转换与是非判断题 高考英语二轮复习3教师版Word文档格式.docx（24页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、篇章结构等题型。

主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。

【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向

阅读理解II：

细节理解考点2细节转换与是非判断题

2021年命题解读和近年考点再现

1.B【2020·

新高考全国II卷（海南卷）】

Theendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswerehigh.Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof"

forbiddenfruit"

thatcomeoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol（手枪）.

Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit.

"

Pleasebringthatpistoltome,"

Isaid."

I'

mgoingtoputitinmyGrandma'

sBox."

What'

sthat?

theyasked.

It'

salargewoodenchestfulloftoysformygrandchildren,"

Ireplied,

Youdon'

thavegrandchildren,"

someonesaid.

Idon'

tnow."

Ireplied."

ButsomedayIwill.WhenIdo,myboxwillbefullofwonderfulthingsforthem."

MyimaginaryGrandma'

sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.Sometimes.studentswouldaskmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sinceIseldomactuallykeptthemUsuallytheoffenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthebelonging.

The-yearswentby,andmyfirstgrandchildGordonwasborn.Isharedmyjoywiththatyear'

sclass.Thensomeonesaid,"

NowyoucanuseyourGrandma'

Fromthenoninsteadofcomingtoasktheirpossessionsback,thestudentswouldsay,"

That'

sokay.PutitinyourGrandma'

sBoxforGordon."

Ilovedtalkingabouttheimaginarybox,notonlywithmystudentsbutalsowithmyownchildren.TheyenjoyedhearingaboutalltheforbiddenfruitIhadcollected.ThenoneChristmasIreceivedasurprisegift—alarge,beautifullymadewoodenchest.MysonBrucehadmademyGrandma'

sBoxareality.

1.Whatwastheauthor'

spurposeinhavingtheconversationwiththestudents?

（）

A.Tocollectthewaterpistol.

B.Totalkabouthergrandchildren.

C.Torecommendsometoys.

D.Toexplainherteachingmethod.

2.WhatdidthestudentsdoaftertheylearnedaboutthebirthofGordon?

（

）

A.Theywenttoplaywiththebaby.

B.TheyaskedtoseetheGrandma'

sBox.

C.TheymadeapresentforGordon.

D.Theystoppedaskingtheirtoysback.

【答案】1．A2．D

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个“奶奶的盒子”的办法。

到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。

1．细节理解题。

根据第一段中“Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof"

thatcomeoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol.（在缺席了15年之后，我又回到了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”。

现在流行的是水枪）”以及第三段中“‘Pleasebringthatpistoltome,’Isaid.‘I'

sBox.’（“请把那支水枪给我，”我说。

“我要把它放在我‘奶奶的盒子’里。

”）”由此可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。

故选A。

2．细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中“Fromthenoninsteadofcomingtoasktheirpossessionsback,thestudentswouldsay,‘That'

sBoxforGordon.’（从那时起，学生们不再来要求归还他们的财物，而是说：

“没关系。

把它放在你“奶奶给戈登的盒子”里）”由此可知，学生们在得知了戈登的出生后，他们不再索要玩具。

故选D。

2.C【2020·

InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：

theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway（晃动）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothebridgeandtensofthousandsofpeoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.

ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：

UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（赞歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingaboutdisasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles（航天飞机）ChallengerandColumbia,andthesinkingoftheTitanic.

Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.

Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.

Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"

Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.

1.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?

A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.

B.Itswayedviolentlyinastrongwind

C.Itsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehicles

D.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.

2.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.Failurecanleadtoprogress.B.Successresultsinoverconfidence

C.Failureshouldbeavoided.D.Successcomesfromjointefforts.

【答案】1．A2．A

【解析】这是一篇议论文。

主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：

理解失败》的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。

根据文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：

theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。

这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。

组织者预计将有5万人到场。

相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。

当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：

路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。

更糟的是，它开始晃动。

因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。

根据文章最后一段的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。

因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。

3.B【2020·

全国新高考II山东卷】

JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'

sdegree.

Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition（学费）,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.

Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:

nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'

sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtocarherdegree:

Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.

Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed（牺牲）toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.“Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,”shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat'

sprettypowerful.

1.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?

（）

A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.

B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.

C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.

D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.

2.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'

sHospitalinMarshfield?

A.Totakecareofherkidseasily.B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.

C.Tosavemoneyforherparents.D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.

3.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?

A.Herhealth.B.Hertimewithfamily.

C.Herreputation.D.Herchanceofpromotion.

【答案】1.C2.A3.B

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。

她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。

1.C细节理解题。

根据第二段的Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.（高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育）可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。

C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.（她自食其力读完了大学）符合以上说法，故选C项。

2.A细节理解题。

根据第三段的ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMisnistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.（她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。

她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子）可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。

A.Totakecareofherkidseasily.（为了方便照顾她的孩子）符合以上说法，故选A项。

3.B细节理解题。

根据最后一段的Jennifersacrificedtoachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.（Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多