四级考试阅读匹配练习题答案讲解Word文档下载推荐.docx
《四级考试阅读匹配练习题答案讲解Word文档下载推荐.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《四级考试阅读匹配练习题答案讲解Word文档下载推荐.docx（5页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
四级考试阅读匹配练习题原文：
UniversitiesBranchOut
[A]Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.
[B]Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself?
consciouslyglobal:
seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative（合作的）researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.
[C]Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmericasbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.
[D]Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships（实习）abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity—andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.
[E]Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsa my14researchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghaisFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;
XusYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.
[F]Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure（基石出设施）andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:
SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.
[G]Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationssincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.
[H]Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.
[I]MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenationswell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:
first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand—likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory—strengthenthenation;
andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished（珍视）valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.
四级考试阅读匹配练习题选项：
1.Americanuniversitiespreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareersbygivingthemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.
2.Sincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.
3.TheenrollmentofinternationalstudentswillhaveapositiveimpactonAmericaratherthanthreatenitscompetitiveness.
4.Thewayresearchiscarriedoutinuniversitieshaschangedasaresultofglobalization.
5.OfthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringintheUnitedStates,twentypercentcomefromforeigncountries.?
6.ThenumberofforeignstudentsapplyingtoU.S.universitiesdecreasedsharplyafterSeptember11duetochangesinthevisaprocess.
7.TheU.S.federalfundingforresearchhasbeenunsteadyforyears.
8.Aroundtheworld,governmentsencouragethemodeloflinkinguniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplication.
9.Present-dayuniversitieshavebecomeapowerfulforceforglobalintegration.
10.WhenforeignstudentsleaveAmerica,theywillbringAmericanvaluesbacktotheirhomecountries.
：
1.[D]。
题干意为，美国大学通过向学生提供出国学习或实习的机会为大学生准备全球性的职业发展契机。
注意抓住题干中的关键词Americanuniversities、globalcareers和chancesforinternationalstudyorinternship。
文章段落中，论及美国大学为学生提供出国学习或实习机会的内容出现在[D]段，该段第三句提到，在美国，各大学正在帮助安排学生暑期到国外实习以帮助他们为全球性职业发展做好准备。
该段第四句又进一步列举了耶鲁大学和哈佛大学为学生提供国际学习和实习机会的实例，目的都在于说明美国大学为帮助学生准备全球性职业发展而付出的努力。
由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。
2.[C]。
题干意为，自20世纪70年代中期以来，留学生的入学人数每年以3.9%的年增长率增长。
注意抓住题干中的关键词Sincethemid-1970s、theenrollmentofoverseasstudents和atanannualrateof3.9percent。
文章段落中，论及20世纪70年代中期留学生入学人数增长情况的内容出现在[C]段，该段第二句提到，在过去的三十年中，每年离家到国外学习的学生人数以3.9%的年增长率增加，总人数由1975年的80万上升到2004年的250万。
由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。
3.[I]。
题干意为，国际学生的招收将对美国产生积极的影响，而不是威胁到美国的竞争力。
注意抓住题干中的关键词Theenrollmentofinternationalstudents、positiveimpact和threatenitscompetitiveness。
文章段落中，论及招收留学生对美国的影响的内容出现在[I]段，该段第二句提到，他们没能理解欢迎外国学生到美国读书有两个积极的影响：
首先，这些留学生中最优秀的人留了下来，就像历史上的移民一样增强了美国的实力;
其次，在美国学习的外国学生回国时成了许许多多在美国最受珍视的价值观的传播者。
由此可知，题干是原文的同义转述，故答案为[I]。
4.[E]。
题干意为，大学研究工作开展的方式因全球化的原因发生了改变。
注意抓住题干中的关键词research和globalization。
文章段落中，论及大学研究工作开展方式发生变化的内容出现在[E]段，该段首句提到，全球化也在使研究工作的开展方式发生改变，接着列举了耶鲁大学、霍华德?
休斯医学研究所与中国复旦大学的合作研究的例子加以说明。
由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[E]。
5.[C]。
题干意为，在美国，被新聘用的科学和工程学方面的教授中，20%的人来自外国。
注意抓住题干中的
关键词newlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineering和twentypercentcomefromforeigncountries。
文章段
落中，论及美国新聘用教授中外国人占比的内容出现在[C]段，该段末句提到，在美国，被新聘用的科学及工程学方面的教授中，20%是外国人。
由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。
6.[H]。
题干意为，在9.11事件之后由于签证过程发生变化，申请到美国大学学习的外国学生人数急剧下降。
注意抓住题干中的关键词foreignstudentsapplyingtoU.S.universities、September11和changesinthevisaprocess。
文章段落中，论及9.11事件之后到美国求学的学生人数变化的内容出现在[H]段，该段第三句提到，受9.11事件的影响，签证过程发生的变化促使申请到美国大学学习的学生数量急剧下降。
由此可知，题干是对原文的同义改写，故答案为[H]。
题干中的decreasedsharply和原文中的adramaticdecline对应;
题干中的dueto与原文中的caused对应。
7.[G]。
题干意为，多年来美国联邦对研究工作的资助一直处于不穗定状态。
注意抓住题干中的关键词federalfunding、research和unsteady。
文章段落中，论及美国联邦政府对研究工作的资助的内容出现在[G]
段，该段第二句提到，大多数政治家认识到了对科学的投资和国家经济实力之间的联系，但是对于研究基金的支持一直不稳定。
由此可知，题干是对原文的
升级会员 